The United–Reform Coalition, also known as the National Political Federation from 1935,[1] was a coalition between two of the three major parties of New Zealand, the United and Reform parties, from 1931 to 1936. The Coalition formed the Government of New Zealand from its formation in September 1931, successfully contesting and winning the 1931 general election in December. The Coalition was defeated at the 1935 general election by Labour. The following year the coalition was formalised by the formation of the modern New Zealand National Party.
Primarily the coalition was formed to deal with the Great Depression which began in 1929. The Labour Party refused to join the coalition, as it believed that the only solution to the depression was socialism.
The 1931 Cabinet: Front row (L-R): Ransom, Coates, Forbes, Stewart, Ngata and Young. Back row (L-R): Jones, Cobbe, Hamilton and Masters.
The initial coalition between United and Reform had formed in September 1931,[2] following the collapse of an earlier coalition between United and Labour. Fearing that splitting the anti-Labour vote would result in a Labour government even if it received fewer votes than United and Reform combined, the two centre-right parties formed a coalition and an election agreement. Part of the agreement was that all sitting members who support the coalition would in turn receive the official endorsement as coalition candidate. This pragmatic decision caused trouble in those electorates where the voters were not satisfied with the incumbent's performance, for example in the Wairarapa and Otaki electorates.[3]
In the subsequent election, the coalition won 54.0% of the popular vote, compared to 34.3% for Labour. Although Reform won 28 seats to United's 19, United leader George Forbes remained Prime Minister.
The government focused primarily on getting New Zealand out of the depression by cutting government spending and thus balancing the national budget. It dealt with widespread unemployment by initiating relief work, which involved compelling the unemployed to work on a range of projects ranging from useful public works to pointless activity. The government was widely seen as heartless, encapsulated by the commonly believed but probably untrue story that Prime Minister George Forbes had told a delegation of unemployed men to go and eat grass. In the 1935 election, Labour won 46.1% of the popular vote, while the coalition won only 32.9%. However the result in terms of seats was an electoral wipeout, with Labour winning 53 seats to the coalition's 16. A further eleven seats were won by minor parties and independents.
Following their defeats, the United and Reform parties merged to become the National Party. The 1931 election and 1935 election showed the hazard of vote-splitting. In 1931 only 24 of 53 electorates where Labour stood had only one anti-Labour candidate: e.g. Auckland West had H. R. Mackenzie from United and John Allum from Reform, who together got little more than half the votes of the winner - Mickey Savage. And in Auckland East there were four anti-Labour candidates and the seat went back to Labour.[4]
united, reform, coalition, government, they, formed, united, reform, coalition, government, zealand, also, known, national, political, federation, from, 1935, coalition, between, three, major, parties, zealand, united, reform, parties, from, 1931, 1936, coalit. For the Government they formed see United Reform coalition Government of New Zealand The United Reform Coalition also known as the National Political Federation from 1935 1 was a coalition between two of the three major parties of New Zealand the United and Reform parties from 1931 to 1936 The Coalition formed the Government of New Zealand from its formation in September 1931 successfully contesting and winning the 1931 general election in December The Coalition was defeated at the 1935 general election by Labour The following year the coalition was formalised by the formation of the modern New Zealand National Party United Reform CoalitionLeaderGeorge ForbesDeputy LeaderGordon CoatesFounded18 September 1931Dissolved14 May 1936 86 years ago 14 May 1936 Merger ofUnited PartyReform PartyMerged intoNational PartyIdeologyConservatismClassical liberalismPolitical positionCentre rightPolitics of New ZealandPolitical partiesElectionsPrimarily the coalition was formed to deal with the Great Depression which began in 1929 The Labour Party refused to join the coalition as it believed that the only solution to the depression was socialism Contents 1 History 1 1 Formation 1 2 Defeat 2 Electoral results 3 See also 4 Notes and references 4 1 Citations 4 2 ReferencesHistory EditThis section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed December 2020 Learn how and when to remove this template message Formation Edit Main article 1931 New Zealand general election The 1931 Cabinet Front row L R Ransom Coates Forbes Stewart Ngata and Young Back row L R Jones Cobbe Hamilton and Masters The initial coalition between United and Reform had formed in September 1931 2 following the collapse of an earlier coalition between United and Labour Fearing that splitting the anti Labour vote would result in a Labour government even if it received fewer votes than United and Reform combined the two centre right parties formed a coalition and an election agreement Part of the agreement was that all sitting members who support the coalition would in turn receive the official endorsement as coalition candidate This pragmatic decision caused trouble in those electorates where the voters were not satisfied with the incumbent s performance for example in the Wairarapa and Otaki electorates 3 In the subsequent election the coalition won 54 0 of the popular vote compared to 34 3 for Labour Although Reform won 28 seats to United s 19 United leader George Forbes remained Prime Minister Defeat Edit Main article 1935 New Zealand general election The government focused primarily on getting New Zealand out of the depression by cutting government spending and thus balancing the national budget It dealt with widespread unemployment by initiating relief work which involved compelling the unemployed to work on a range of projects ranging from useful public works to pointless activity The government was widely seen as heartless encapsulated by the commonly believed but probably untrue story that Prime Minister George Forbes had told a delegation of unemployed men to go and eat grass In the 1935 election Labour won 46 1 of the popular vote while the coalition won only 32 9 However the result in terms of seats was an electoral wipeout with Labour winning 53 seats to the coalition s 16 A further eleven seats were won by minor parties and independents Following their defeats the United and Reform parties merged to become the National Party The 1931 election and 1935 election showed the hazard of vote splitting In 1931 only 24 of 53 electorates where Labour stood had only one anti Labour candidate e g Auckland West had H R Mackenzie from United and John Allum from Reform who together got little more than half the votes of the winner Mickey Savage And in Auckland East there were four anti Labour candidates and the seat went back to Labour 4 Electoral results EditElection of votes of vote of seatswon Government opposition 1931 386 040 54 03 51 80 Government1935 285 422 33 48 19 80 OppositionSee also EditGovernments of New ZealandNotes and references EditCitations Edit Gustafson 1986 p 4 Coalition Announced The New Zealand Herald Vol LXVIII no 20982 19 September 1931 p 10 Retrieved 25 November 2014 Hints of Trouble The Evening Post Vol CXII no 106 31 October 1931 p 12 Retrieved 25 December 2014 Bassett Michael 1982 Three Party Politics in New Zealand 1911 1931 Auckland Historical Publications pp 60 63 ISBN 0 86870 006 1 References Edit Gustafson Barry 1986 The First 50 Years A History of the New Zealand National Party Auckland Reed Methuen ISBN 0 474 00177 6 Bassett Michael 1982 Three Party Politics in New Zealand 1911 1931 Auckland Historical Publications ISBN 0 86870 006 1 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title United Reform Coalition amp oldid 1142338948, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
