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USS Connecticut (BB-18)

February 22, 2023

For other ships with the same name, see USS Connecticut.

USS Connecticut (BB-18), the fourth United States Navy ship to be named after the state of Connecticut, was the lead ship of her class of six pre-dreadnought battleships. Her keel was laid on 10 March 1903; launched on 29 September 1904, Connecticut was commissioned on 29 September 1906, as the most advanced ship in the US Navy.

Connecticut underway sometime before World War I
History
United States
NameConnecticut
NamesakeState of Connecticut
Ordered1 July 1902
BuilderNew York Navy Yard
Laid down10 March 1903
Launched29 September 1904
Commissioned29 September 1906
Decommissioned1 March 1923
Stricken10 November 1923
FateSold for scrap, 1 November 1923
General characteristics
Class and type Connecticut-class battleship
Displacement
Length456 ft 4 in (139.09 m)
Beam76 ft 10 in (23.42 m)
Draft24 ft 6 in (7.47 m)
Installed power
Propulsion
Speed18 kn (21 mph; 33 km/h)
Complement827 officers and men
Armament
Armor
  • Belt: 6–11 in (152–279 mm)
  • Barbettes: 6–10 in (152–254 mm)
  • Turret Main: 8–12 in (203–305 mm)
  • Turret secondary: 7 in (178 mm)
  • Conning tower: 9 in (229 mm)

Connecticut served as the flagship for the Jamestown Exposition in mid-1907, which commemorated the 300th anniversary of the founding of the Jamestown colony. She later sailed with the Great White Fleet on a circumnavigation of the Earth to showcase the US Navy's growing fleet of blue-water-capable ships. After completing her service with the Great White Fleet, Connecticut participated in several flag-waving exercises intended to protect American citizens abroad until she was pressed into service as a troop transport at the end of World War I to expedite the return of American Expeditionary Forces from France.

For the remainder of her career, Connecticut sailed to various places in both the Atlantic and Pacific while training newer recruits to the Navy. However, the provisions of the 1922 Washington Naval Treaty stipulated that many of the older battleships, Connecticut among them, would have to be disposed of, so she was decommissioned on 1 March 1923, and sold for scrap on 1 November 1923.

Design

Main article: Connecticut-class battleship
 
Plan and profile drawing showing the arrangement of the guns and armor

Connecticut was 456.3 ft (139.1 m) long overall and had a beam of 76.9 ft (23.4 m) and a draft of 24.5 ft (7.5 m). She displaced 16,000 long tons (16,000 t) as designed and up to 17,666 long tons (17,949 t) at full load. The ship was powered by two-shaft triple-expansion steam engines rated at 16,500 indicated horsepower (12,300 kW), with steam provided by twelve coal-fired Babcock & Wilcox boilers ducted into three funnels. The propulsion system generated a top speed of 18 knots (33 km/h; 21 mph). As built, she was fitted with heavy military masts, but these were quickly replaced by lattice masts in 1909. She had a crew of 827 officers and men, though this increased to 881 and later to 896.[1]

The ship was armed with a main battery of four 12 inch /45 Mark 5[a] guns in two twin gun turrets on the centerline, one forward and aft. The secondary battery consisted of eight 8-inch (203 mm) /45 guns and twelve 7-inch (178 mm) /45 guns. The 8-inch guns were mounted in four twin turrets amidships and the 7-inch guns were placed in casemates in the hull. For close-range defense against torpedo boats, she carried twenty 3-inch (76 mm) /50 guns mounted in casemates along the side of the hull and twelve 3-pounder guns. She also carried four 37 mm (1.5 in) 1-pounder guns. As was standard for capital ships of the period, Connecticut carried four 21 inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes, submerged in her hull on the broadside.[1]

Connecticut's main armored belt was 11 in (279 mm) thick over the magazines and the propulsion machinery spaces and 6 in (152 mm) elsewhere. The main battery gun turrets had 12-inch (305 mm) thick faces, and the supporting barbettes had the 10 in (254 mm) of armor plating. The secondary turrets had 7 in (178 mm) of frontal armor. The conning tower had 9 in (229 mm) thick sides.[1]

Service history

Construction

 
Commissioning ceremonies for Connecticut, 29 September 1906

Connecticut was ordered on 1 July 1902.[2] On 15 October 1902, she was awarded to the New York Naval Shipyard.[3] She was laid down on 10 March 1903,[4][3][5] and launched on 29 September 1904.[3][5] She was sponsored by Miss Alice B. Welles, granddaughter of Gideon Welles, Secretary of the Navy during the American Civil War.[6] A crowd of over 30,000 people attended the launch,[7] as did many of the Navy's ships. The battleships Texas, Massachusetts, Iowa, Kearsarge, Illinois, Alabama, Maine, and Missouri were at the ceremony, along with the protected cruisers Columbia and Minneapolis and the auxiliary cruiser Prairie.[8]

Three attempts to sabotage the ship were discovered in 1904. On 31 March, rivets on the keel plates were found bored through.[9] On 14 September, a 1+3⁄8 in (35 mm) bolt was found driven into the launching way, where it protruded some 5 in (130 mm).[9] Shortly after Connecticut was launched on 29 September, a 1 in (25 mm) diameter hole was discovered drilled through a 5⁄8 in (16 mm) steel keel plate.[10][b] The ship's watertight compartments and pumps prevented her from sinking, and all damage was repaired. The incidents prompted the Navy to post armed guards at the shipyard, and an overnight watch was kept by a Navy tug manned by Marines who had orders to shoot to kill any unauthorized person attempting to approach the ship.[9]

As Connecticut was only 55% complete when she was launched, missing most of her upper works, protection, machinery and armament,[4] it was two years before Connecticut was commissioned on 29 September 1906.[3][5] Captain William Swift was the first captain of the new battleship.[6][11] Connecticut sailed out of New York for the first time on 15 December 1906, becoming the first ship in the US Navy to ever go to sea without a sea trial.[12] She first journeyed south to the Virginia Capes, where she conducted a variety of training exercises; this was followed by a shakedown cruise and battle practice off Cuba and Puerto Rico.[13] During the cruise, she participated in a search for the missing steamer Ponce.[14][15][c]

On 13 January 1907, Connecticut ran onto a reef while entering the harbor at Culebra Island. The Navy did not release any information about the grounding until press dispatches from San Juan, carrying news of the incident reached the mainland on 23 January. Even then, Navy authorities in San Juan claimed to be ignorant of the situation,[16] and, that same day, the Navy Department itself said that they only knew that Captain Swift thought she had touched bottom and that an examination of the ship's bottom by divers had revealed no damage.[16] The Navy amended this the next day, releasing a statement that Connecticut had been only slightly damaged and had returned to her shakedown cruise.[17] However, damage to the ship was much more serious than the Navy admitted; in contrast to an official statement saying that Connecticut had only "touched" the rocks, she actually had run full upon the reef when traversing "a course well marked with buoys" in "broad daylight" and did enough damage to probably require a dry docking. This apparent attempt at a cover-up was enough for the United States Congress to consider an official inquiry into the matter.[18]

 
Connecticut on her speed trials in 1906 or 1907. The boat from which this photo was taken is about to be swamped by the bow wave emanating from the battleship.

On 21 March, the Navy announced that Swift would be court-martialed for "through negligence, causing a vessel to run upon a rock" and "neglect of duty in regard to the above".[19] Along with the officer of the deck at the time of the accident, Lieutenant Harry E. Yarnell, Swift faced a court martial of seven rear admirals, a captain, and a lieutenant.[20] He was sentenced to one year's suspension from duty, later reduced to nine months; after about six months, the sentence was remitted on 24 October. However, he was not assigned command of another ship.[21]

Connecticut steamed back to Hampton Roads after this, arriving on 16 April;[22] when she arrived, Rear Admiral Robley D. Evans, commander of the Atlantic Fleet, transferred his flag from Maine to Connecticut,[13] making her the flagship of the fleet.[23] President Theodore Roosevelt opened the Jamestown Exposition on 25 April, and Connecticut was named as the official host of the vessels that were visiting from other countries. Sailors and marines from the ship took part in various events ashore, and foreign dignitaries, along with the governors of Virginia and Rhode Island, were hosted aboard the ship on 29 April. Evans closed the Exposition on 4 May, on the quarterdeck of Connecticut. On 10 June, Connecticut joined in the Presidential Fleet Review; she left three days later for an overhaul in the New York Naval Yard.[24] After the overhaul, Connecticut conducted maneuvers off Hampton Roads, and target practice off Cape Cod. She was ordered back to the New York Naval Yard, once again on 6 September, for a refit that would make her suitable for use as flagship of the Great White Fleet.[25]

Flagship of the Great White Fleet

 
Connecticut leads the way for the Great White Fleet in 1907
Main article: Great White Fleet

The cruise of the Great White Fleet was conceived as a way to demonstrate American military power, particularly to Japan. Tensions had begun to rise between the United States and Japan after the latter's victory in the Russo-Japanese War in 1905, particularly over racist opposition to Japanese immigration to the United States. The press in both countries began to call for war, and Roosevelt hoped to use the demonstration of naval might to deter Japanese aggression.[26] Connecticut left the New York Naval Yard, on 5 December 1907, and arrived the next day in Hampton Roads, where the Great White Fleet would assemble with her as their flagship. After an eight-day period known as "Navy Farewell Week" during which festivities were held for the departing sailors, and all 16 battleships took on full loads of coal, stores, and ammunition, the ships were ready to depart.[25] The battleship captains paid their respects to President Theodore Roosevelt on the presidential yacht Mayflower, and all the ships weighed anchor and departed at 1000. They passed in review before the President, and then began traveling south.[27]

After steaming past Cape Hatteras, the fleet headed for the Caribbean.[28] They approached Puerto Rico, on 20 December, caught sight of Venezuela on 22 December, and later dropped anchor in Port of Spain, the capital of Trinidad,[29] making the first port visit of the Great White Fleet.[30] With the torpedo boat flotilla that had left Hampton Roads, two weeks previously, and five colliers to fill the coal bunkers of the fleet, Port of Spain had a total of 32 US Navy ships in the harbor, making it "[resemble] a US Navy base".[31]

After spending Christmas in Trinidad, the ships departed for Rio de Janeiro, on 29 December.[31] A ceremonial Brazilian escort of three cruisers met the task force 12 nmi (14 mi; 22 km) outside Rio,[32] and "thousands of wildly cheering Brazilians lined the shore"; 10 days of ceremonies, games, and festivities followed, and the stopover was so successful that the visit was the cause of a major boost in US–Brazilian relations.[33] The fleet left Rio on 22 January 1908, still heading south, this time bound for the coaling stop of Punta Arenas, Chile.[34]

Four cruisers from Argentina, San Martin, Buenos Ayres, 9 De Julio, and Pueyrredon, all under the command of Admiral Hipolito Oliva, sailed 300 nmi (350 mi; 560 km) to salute the American ships on their way to Chile. The fleet arrived at Punta Arenas, on 1 February, and spent five days in the town of 14,000.[35] Heading north, they followed the coastline of Chile, passing in review of Chilean President Pedro Montt on 14 February, outside Valparaíso, and they were escorted to Callao, in Peru, by the cruiser Coronel Bolognesi on 19 and 20 February.[36] Peru's president, José Pardo, came aboard Connecticut during this time, as Rear Admiral Evans was quite ill and could not go ashore.[37] After taking on coal, the ships steamed for Mexico on 29 February, passing in review of Pardo onboard the cruiser Almirante Grau before leaving.[38]

 
Postcard of the ship published in San Francisco

Arriving in Mexico, on 20 March, the fleet underwent three weeks of target practice. Rear Admiral Evans was relieved of command during this time, as he was completely bedridden and in constant pain. To get him medical attention, Connecticut set sail north at full speed on 30 March. She was met two days later by the schooner Yankton, which took the admiral to a hospital. Connecticut traveled back south to rejoin the fleet,[38] and Rear Admiral Charles M. Thomas took Evans's place on Connecticut as the commander of the fleet, which continued its journey north towards California.[39]

On 5 May, Evans returned to Connecticut in time for the fleet's sailing through the Golden Gate on 6 May,[39] although he was still in pain.[40] Over one million people watched the 42-ship fleet sail into the bay.[d] After a grand parade through San Francisco, a review of the fleet by Secretary of the Navy Victor H. Metcalf, a gala reception,[40] and a farewell address from Evans (who was retiring due to his illness and his age),[41] the fleet left San Francisco, for Seattle, with Rear Admiral Charles Stillman Sperry as commander.[42] The ships all underwent refits before the next leg of the voyage. The fleet left the West Coast again on 7 July, bound for Hawaii, which it reached on 16 July.[43]

Leaving Hawaii, on 22 July, the ships next stopped at Auckland, Sydney, and Melbourne. High seas and winds hampered the ships for part of the voyage to New Zealand, but they arrived on 9 August; festivities, parades, balls, and games were staples of the visits to each city.[44] The highlight of the austral visit was a parade of 12,000 US Navy, Royal Navy, and Commonwealth naval and military personnel in front of 250,000 people.[45]

 
Theodore Roosevelt (on the 12-inch gun turret at right) addresses the crew of Connecticut.

After stopping at Manila, in the Philippines, the fleet set course for Yokohama, Japan. They encountered a typhoon on the way on 12 October, but no ships were lost; the fleet was only delayed 24 hours.[46] After three Japanese men-of-war and six merchantmen escorted the Americans in, festivities began. The celebrations culminated in the Uraga, where Commodore Matthew C. Perry had anchored a little more than 50 years prior.[47] The ships then departed on 25 October. After three weeks of exercises in the Philippines' Subic Bay, the ships sailed south on 1 December, for Singapore; they did not stop there, however, passing outside the city on 6 December.[48] Continuing on, they stopped at Colombo, for coal from 12 to 20 December, before sailing on for the Suez Canal.[49] It took three days for all 16 battleships to traverse the canal, even though it was closed to all other traffic. They then headed for a coaling stop at Port Said, Egypt, after which the fleet split up into individual divisions to call on different ports in the Mediterranean.[50] The First Division, of which Connecticut was a part, originally planned to visit Italy, before moving on to Villefranche, but Connecticut and Illinois were quickly dispatched to southern Italy, on a humanitarian mission when news of the 1908 Messina earthquake reached the fleet.[51] Seamen from the ships helped clear debris and unload supplies from the US Navy refrigerated supply ship Culgoa; Admiral Sperry received the personal thanks of King Victor Emmanuel III for their assistance.[52]

After port calls were concluded, the ships headed for Gibraltar, where they found a conglomerate of warships from many different nations awaiting them "with decks manned and horns blaring": the battleships HMS Albemarle and Albion with the cruiser HMS Devonshire and the Second Cruiser Squadron represented Great Britain's Royal Navy, battleships Tsesarevich and Slava with cruisers Admiral Makarov, Bogatyr and Oleg represented the Imperial Russian Navy, and various gunboats represented France and the Netherlands. After coaling for five days, the ships got under way and left for home on 6 February 1909.[53]

After weathering a few storms, the ships met nine of their fellow US Navy ships five days out of Hampton Roads: four battleships (Maine, Mississippi, Idaho, and New Hampshire—the latter being the only sister of Connecticut to not make the cruise), two armored cruisers, and three scout cruisers.[54] Connecticut then led all of these warships around Tail-of-the-Horseshoe Lightship on 22 February to pass in review of President Roosevelt, who was then on the presidential yacht anchored off Old Point Comfort, ending a 46,729 nmi (53,775 mi; 86,542 km) trip. Roosevelt boarded the ship after she anchored and gave a short speech, saying, "You've done the trick. Other nations may do as you have done, but they'll follow you."[55]

Pre-World War I

 
Connecticut in dry dock at the Brooklyn Naval Yard after the world cruise in March 1909

Following her return from the world cruise, Connecticut continued to serve as flagship of the Atlantic Fleet, interrupted only by a March 1909 overhaul at the New York Navy Yard.[56] After rejoining the fleet, she cruised the East Coast from her base at Norfolk, Virginia. For the rest of 1909, the battleship conducted training and participated in ceremonial observances, such as the Hudson–Fulton Celebration.[6][57] In early January 1910, Connecticut left for Cuban waters and stayed there until late March when she returned to New York for a refit.[58] After several months conducting maneuvers and battle practice off the New England coast, she left for Europe on 2 November to go on a midshipman training cruise.[58] She arrived in Portland, England on 15 November and was present during the 1 December birthday celebration of Queen Alexandra, the queen mother. Connecticut next visited Cherbourg, France, where she welcomed visitors from the town and also hosted commander-in-chief of the French Navy Vice-Amiral Laurent Marin-Darbel, and a delegation of his officers. While there, a boat crew from Connecticut engaged a crew from the French battleship Charles Martel in a rowing race; Connecticut's crew won by twelve lengths. Connecticut departed French waters for Guantánamo Bay, Cuba, on 30 December,[59] and stayed there until 17 March, when she departed for Hampton Roads.[60]

Connecticut was the leader of the ships that passed in review during the Presidential Fleet Review in New York, on 2 November; she then remained in New York, until 12 January 1912, when she returned to Guantánamo Bay. During a March overhaul at the Philadelphia Naval Yard, the battleship relinquished her role as flagship to the armored cruiser Washington. After the overhaul's completion, Connecticut's activities through the end of 1912 included practicing with torpedoes in Fort Pond Bay, conducting fleet maneuvers, and battle practice off Block Island and the Virginia Capes.[61] Stopping in New York, Connecticut conducted training exercises in Guantánamo Bay from 13 February to 20 March; during this time (on the 28th), she once again became the Atlantic Fleet flagship for a brief and final time when she served in the interim as Rear Admiral Charles J. Badger transferred his flag from Wyoming to Utah.[62][63] After taking on stores in Philadelphia, Connecticut sailed for Mexico and arrived on 22 April; she was to patrol the waters near Tampico and Vera Cruz, protecting American citizens and interests during disturbances there and in Haiti.[6][64]

 
Connecticut saluting the presidential yacht Mayflower during the Presidential Fleet Review in 1911

On 22 June 1912, Connecticut departed Mexican waters for Philadelphia, where she was dry docked for three months of repairs. Upon their completion, Connecticut conducted gunnery practice off the Virginia Capes. On 23 October, Connecticut became the flagship of the Fourth Battleship Division. After the division passed in review before Secretary of the Navy George von Lengerke Meyer on the 25th, Connecticut left for Genoa, Italy, where she remained until 30 November.[64] The battleship departed Italy for Vera Cruz and arrived on 23 December.[65] She took refugees from Mexico to Galveston and carried officers of the Army and representative from the Red Cross back in the opposite direction.[65]

On 29 May 1914, while still in Mexico, Connecticut relinquished the duty of flagship to Minnesota, but remained in Mexico, until 2 July, when she left for Havana. Arriving there on 8 July, Connecticut embarked Madison R. Smith, the US minister to Haiti, and took him to Port-au-Prince, arriving five days later. Connecticut remained in Haiti for a month, then left for Philadelphia on 8 August and arrived there on 14 August.[65]

Connecticut then went to Maine and the Virginia Capes, for battle practice, after which she went into the Philadelphia Naval Yard for an overhaul. After more than 15 weeks, Connecticut emerged on 15 January 1915, and steamed south to Cuba, where she conducted training exercises. During maneuvers there in March 1915, a chain wrapped around her starboard propeller, breaking the shaft and forcing her return to Philadelphia, for repairs.[66][67] She remained there until 31 July, when she embarked 433 men from the Second Regiment, First Brigade, of the United States Marine Corps for transport to Port-au-Prince, where they were put ashore on 5 August, as part of the US occupation of Haiti. Connecticut delivered supplies to amphibious troops in Cap-Haïtien, on 5 September and remained near Haiti, for the next few months, supporting landing parties ashore, including detachments of Marines and sailors from Connecticut under the command of Major Smedley Butler. After departing Haiti, Connecticut arrived in Philadelphia, on 15 December, and was placed into the Atlantic Reserve Fleet.[68]

World War I

As part of the US response to Germany's unrestricted submarine warfare, Connecticut was recommissioned on 3 October 1916. Two days later, Admiral Herbert O. Dunn made her the flagship of the Fifth Battleship Division, transferring his flag from Minnesota.[69] Connecticut operated along the East Coast and in the Caribbean until the United States entered World War I on 6 April 1917.[6][70] For the duration of the war, Connecticut was based in York River, Virginia.[22] More than 1,000 trainees—midshipmen and gun crews for merchant ships—took part in exercises on her while she sailed in Chesapeake Bay, and off the Virginia Capes.[6][69]

Inter-war period

 
Connecticut photographed in 1920

At the close of the war, Connecticut was assigned to the Cruiser and Transport Force for transport duty, and from 6 January – 22 June 1919, she made four voyages to return troops from France.[71][72] On 6 January, she left Hampton Roads, for Brest, France, where she embarked 1,000 troops. After bringing them to New York, arriving on 2 February,[72] Connecticut traveled back to Brest, and picked up the 53rd Pioneer Regiment, a company of Marines, and a company of military police, 1,240 troops in all. These men were delivered to Hampton Roads, on 24 March. After two months, Connecticut made another run overseas: following a short period of liberty in Paris, for her crew, she embarked 891 men variously from the 502nd Army Engineers, a medical detachment, and the Red Cross. They were dropped off in Newport News, on 22 June.[73] On 23 June 1919, after having returned over 4,800 men,[71] Connecticut was reassigned as flagship of the Second Battleship Squadron of the Atlantic Fleet,[6] under the command of Vice Admiral Hilary P. Jones.[73]

While based in Philadelphia, for the next 11 months, Connecticut trained midshipmen. On 2 May 1920, 200 midshipmen boarded the ship for a training cruise. In company with the other battleships of her squadron, Connecticut sailed to the Caribbean, and through the Panama Canal, in order to visit four ports-of-call: Honolulu, Seattle, San Francisco, and San Pedro Bay (Los Angeles and Long Beach). After visiting all four, the squadron made their way back through the canal and headed for home. However, the port engine of Connecticut gave out three days after transiting the canal, requiring New Hampshire to tow the battleship into Guantánamo Bay. The pair arrived on 28 August.[73] The midshipmen were debarked there,[74] and Vice Admiral Jones transferred his flag from Connecticut to his new flagship, Kansas.[73] The Navy repair ship Prometheus was dispatched from New York on 1 September to tow Connecticut to Philadelphia;[75] they arrived at the Navy Yard there on 11 September.[74]

 
The Connecticut's bell on display in Mystic Depot

On 21 March 1921, Connecticut again became the flagship of the Second Battleship Squadron when Rear Admiral Charles Frederick Hughes took command. The ships of the squadron departed Philadelphia, on 7 April, to perform maneuvers and training exercises off Cuba, though they returned to take part in the Presidential Review in Hampton Roads, on 28 April. After participating in Naval Academy celebrations on Memorial Day, Connecticut and her squadmates departed on a midshipman cruise which took them to Europe. On 28 June, Connecticut hosted a Norwegian delegation that included King Haakon VII, Prime Minister Otto Blehr, the Minister of Defence, and the First Sea Lord of the Royal Norwegian Navy. After arriving in Portugal, on 21 July, the battleship hosted the Civil Governor of the Province of Lisbon and the Commander-in-Chief of the Portuguese Navy. Six days later, Connecticut hosted the Portuguese president, António José de Almeida.[74] The battleship squadron departed for Guantánamo Bay, on 29 July, and, after arrival there, remained for gunnery practice and exercises. Connecticut, leaving the rest of the squadron, departed for Annapolis, and disembarked her midshipmen on 30 August, then proceeded to Philadelphia.[76]

Connecticut departed Philadelphia, for California, on 4 October, for duty with the Pacific Fleet. After touching at San Diego, on 27 October, she arrived on 28 October, at San Pedro, where Rear Admiral H.O. Stickney designated her the flagship of Pacific Fleet Training.[76] For the next few months, Connecticut cruised along the West Coast, taking part in exercises and commemorations.[6] Under the terms of the Washington Naval Treaty, which set tonnage limits for its signatory nations, the Navy designated Connecticut for scrapping. Getting under way for her final voyage on 11 December, she made a five-day journey to the Puget Sound Navy Yard,[76] where she was decommissioned on 1 March 1923.[6][77][3][5] On 1 November 1923,[6] the ex-Connecticut was sold for scrap to Walter W. Johnson, of San Francisco, for $42,750.[78] In June 1924, the tug SS Roosevelt set a record for the largest tow by a single tug in history when she towed Connecticut from Seattle to Oakland, California, for scrapping.[79]

Notes

  1. ^ /45 refers to the length of the gun in terms of calibers. A /45 gun is 45 times long as it is in bore diameter.
  2. ^ It was estimated that drilling the hole would have taken 20 minutes. See: "Armed tug last night guarded new warship" (PDF). The New York Times. 3 October 1904. p. 1. Retrieved 5 February 2009.
  3. ^ Ponce was eventually found and towed back to port by a German freighter; the seven passengers were taken off by the Quebec liner Bermudian. See: "Ponce's passengers return" (PDF). The New York Times. 20 January 1907. p. 12. Retrieved 5 February 2009.
  4. ^ The Great White Fleet was joined by various Pacific Fleet warships and a torpedo boat flotilla for their entrance into the harbor, making the conglomerate of ships the "most powerful concentration of naval might yet gathered in the Western Hemisphere". See: Albertson (2007), p. 47.

References

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  2. ^ Friedman (1985), p. 46
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  4. ^ a b Albertson (2007), p. 35
  5. ^ a b c d Friedman (1985), p. 419
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Connecticut". Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. Navy Department, Naval History and Heritage Command. Retrieved 13 January 2017.
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  10. ^ "First tried to wreck ship six months ago" (PDF). The New York Times. 4 October 1904. p. 9. Retrieved 5 February 2009.
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  13. ^ a b Albertson (2007), p. 36
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  38. ^ a b Albertson (2007), p. 46
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  68. ^ Albertson (2007), p. 72
  69. ^ a b Albertson (2007), p. 73
  70. ^ See: Woodrow Wilson Urges Congress to Declare War on Germany—text of a speech given by Wilson before Congress
  71. ^ a b Gleaves (1921), pp. 250–51
  72. ^ a b Albertson (2007), p. 73–74
  73. ^ a b c d Albertson (2007), p. 74
  74. ^ a b c Albertson (2007), p. 75
  75. ^ "Prometheus". Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. Navy Department, Naval History & Heritage Command. Retrieved 13 January 2017.
  76. ^ a b c Albertson (2007), p. 76
  77. ^ Albertson (2007), p. 76–77
  78. ^ Albertson (2007), p. 77
  79. ^ "Roosevelt, Bureau's First Pribilof Tender". AFSC Historical Corner. Retrieved 15 September 2018.

Bibliography

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to USS Connecticut (BB-18).


February 22, 2023
connecticut, other, ships, with, same, name, connecticut, fourth, united, states, navy, ship, named, after, state, connecticut, lead, ship, class, dreadnought, battleships, keel, laid, march, 1903, launched, september, 1904, connecticut, commissioned, septembe. For other ships with the same name see USS Connecticut USS Connecticut BB 18 the fourth United States Navy ship to be named after the state of Connecticut was the lead ship of her class of six pre dreadnought battleships Her keel was laid on 10 March 1903 launched on 29 September 1904 Connecticut was commissioned on 29 September 1906 as the most advanced ship in the US Navy Connecticut underway sometime before World War IHistoryUnited StatesNameConnecticutNamesakeState of ConnecticutOrdered1 July 1902BuilderNew York Navy YardLaid down10 March 1903Launched29 September 1904Commissioned29 September 1906Decommissioned1 March 1923Stricken10 November 1923FateSold for scrap 1 November 1923General characteristicsClass and typeConnecticut class battleshipDisplacementNormal 16 000 long tons 16 000 t Full load 17 666 long tons 17 949 t Length456 ft 4 in 139 09 m Beam76 ft 10 in 23 42 m Draft24 ft 6 in 7 47 m Installed power12 Babcock amp Wilcox boilers 16 500 ihp 12 300 kW Propulsion2 triple expansion steam engines 2 screw propellersSpeed18 kn 21 mph 33 km h Complement827 officers and menArmament4 12 in 305 mm 45 caliber Mark 5 guns 8 8 in 203 mm 45 caliber guns 12 7 in 178 mm 45 caliber guns 20 3 in 76 mm 50 caliber guns 12 3 pounder guns 4 1 pounder guns 4 21 inch 533 mm torpedo tubesArmorBelt 6 11 in 152 279 mm Barbettes 6 10 in 152 254 mm Turret Main 8 12 in 203 305 mm Turret secondary 7 in 178 mm Conning tower 9 in 229 mm Connecticut served as the flagship for the Jamestown Exposition in mid 1907 which commemorated the 300th anniversary of the founding of the Jamestown colony She later sailed with the Great White Fleet on a circumnavigation of the Earth to showcase the US Navy s growing fleet of blue water capable ships After completing her service with the Great White Fleet Connecticut participated in several flag waving exercises intended to protect American citizens abroad until she was pressed into service as a troop transport at the end of World War I to expedite the return of American Expeditionary Forces from France For the remainder of her career Connecticut sailed to various places in both the Atlantic and Pacific while training newer recruits to the Navy However the provisions of the 1922 Washington Naval Treaty stipulated that many of the older battleships Connecticut among them would have to be disposed of so she was decommissioned on 1 March 1923 and sold for scrap on 1 November 1923 Contents 1 Design 2 Service history 2 1 Construction 2 2 Flagship of the Great White Fleet 2 3 Pre World War I 2 4 World War I 2 5 Inter war period 3 Notes 4 References 5 Bibliography 6 External linksDesign EditMain article Connecticut class battleship Plan and profile drawing showing the arrangement of the guns and armor Connecticut was 456 3 ft 139 1 m long overall and had a beam of 76 9 ft 23 4 m and a draft of 24 5 ft 7 5 m She displaced 16 000 long tons 16 000 t as designed and up to 17 666 long tons 17 949 t at full load The ship was powered by two shaft triple expansion steam engines rated at 16 500 indicated horsepower 12 300 kW with steam provided by twelve coal fired Babcock amp Wilcox boilers ducted into three funnels The propulsion system generated a top speed of 18 knots 33 km h 21 mph As built she was fitted with heavy military masts but these were quickly replaced by lattice masts in 1909 She had a crew of 827 officers and men though this increased to 881 and later to 896 1 The ship was armed with a main battery of four 12 inch 45 Mark 5 a guns in two twin gun turrets on the centerline one forward and aft The secondary battery consisted of eight 8 inch 203 mm 45 guns and twelve 7 inch 178 mm 45 guns The 8 inch guns were mounted in four twin turrets amidships and the 7 inch guns were placed in casemates in the hull For close range defense against torpedo boats she carried twenty 3 inch 76 mm 50 guns mounted in casemates along the side of the hull and twelve 3 pounder guns She also carried four 37 mm 1 5 in 1 pounder guns As was standard for capital ships of the period Connecticut carried four 21 inch 533 mm torpedo tubes submerged in her hull on the broadside 1 Connecticut s main armored belt was 11 in 279 mm thick over the magazines and the propulsion machinery spaces and 6 in 152 mm elsewhere The main battery gun turrets had 12 inch 305 mm thick faces and the supporting barbettes had the 10 in 254 mm of armor plating The secondary turrets had 7 in 178 mm of frontal armor The conning tower had 9 in 229 mm thick sides 1 Service history EditConstruction Edit Commissioning ceremonies for Connecticut 29 September 1906 Connecticut was ordered on 1 July 1902 2 On 15 October 1902 she was awarded to the New York Naval Shipyard 3 She was laid down on 10 March 1903 4 3 5 and launched on 29 September 1904 3 5 She was sponsored by Miss Alice B Welles granddaughter of Gideon Welles Secretary of the Navy during the American Civil War 6 A crowd of over 30 000 people attended the launch 7 as did many of the Navy s ships The battleships Texas Massachusetts Iowa Kearsarge Illinois Alabama Maine and Missouri were at the ceremony along with the protected cruisers Columbia and Minneapolis and the auxiliary cruiser Prairie 8 Three attempts to sabotage the ship were discovered in 1904 On 31 March rivets on the keel plates were found bored through 9 On 14 September a 1 3 8 in 35 mm bolt was found driven into the launching way where it protruded some 5 in 130 mm 9 Shortly after Connecticut was launched on 29 September a 1 in 25 mm diameter hole was discovered drilled through a 5 8 in 16 mm steel keel plate 10 b The ship s watertight compartments and pumps prevented her from sinking and all damage was repaired The incidents prompted the Navy to post armed guards at the shipyard and an overnight watch was kept by a Navy tug manned by Marines who had orders to shoot to kill any unauthorized person attempting to approach the ship 9 As Connecticut was only 55 complete when she was launched missing most of her upper works protection machinery and armament 4 it was two years before Connecticut was commissioned on 29 September 1906 3 5 Captain William Swift was the first captain of the new battleship 6 11 Connecticut sailed out of New York for the first time on 15 December 1906 becoming the first ship in the US Navy to ever go to sea without a sea trial 12 She first journeyed south to the Virginia Capes where she conducted a variety of training exercises this was followed by a shakedown cruise and battle practice off Cuba and Puerto Rico 13 During the cruise she participated in a search for the missing steamer Ponce 14 15 c On 13 January 1907 Connecticut ran onto a reef while entering the harbor at Culebra Island The Navy did not release any information about the grounding until press dispatches from San Juan carrying news of the incident reached the mainland on 23 January Even then Navy authorities in San Juan claimed to be ignorant of the situation 16 and that same day the Navy Department itself said that they only knew that Captain Swift thought she had touched bottom and that an examination of the ship s bottom by divers had revealed no damage 16 The Navy amended this the next day releasing a statement that Connecticut had been only slightly damaged and had returned to her shakedown cruise 17 However damage to the ship was much more serious than the Navy admitted in contrast to an official statement saying that Connecticut had only touched the rocks she actually had run full upon the reef when traversing a course well marked with buoys in broad daylight and did enough damage to probably require a dry docking This apparent attempt at a cover up was enough for the United States Congress to consider an official inquiry into the matter 18 Connecticut on her speed trials in 1906 or 1907 The boat from which this photo was taken is about to be swamped by the bow wave emanating from the battleship On 21 March the Navy announced that Swift would be court martialed for through negligence causing a vessel to run upon a rock and neglect of duty in regard to the above 19 Along with the officer of the deck at the time of the accident Lieutenant Harry E Yarnell Swift faced a court martial of seven rear admirals a captain and a lieutenant 20 He was sentenced to one year s suspension from duty later reduced to nine months after about six months the sentence was remitted on 24 October However he was not assigned command of another ship 21 Connecticut steamed back to Hampton Roads after this arriving on 16 April 22 when she arrived Rear Admiral Robley D Evans commander of the Atlantic Fleet transferred his flag from Maine to Connecticut 13 making her the flagship of the fleet 23 President Theodore Roosevelt opened the Jamestown Exposition on 25 April and Connecticut was named as the official host of the vessels that were visiting from other countries Sailors and marines from the ship took part in various events ashore and foreign dignitaries along with the governors of Virginia and Rhode Island were hosted aboard the ship on 29 April Evans closed the Exposition on 4 May on the quarterdeck of Connecticut On 10 June Connecticut joined in the Presidential Fleet Review she left three days later for an overhaul in the New York Naval Yard 24 After the overhaul Connecticut conducted maneuvers off Hampton Roads and target practice off Cape Cod She was ordered back to the New York Naval Yard once again on 6 September for a refit that would make her suitable for use as flagship of the Great White Fleet 25 Flagship of the Great White Fleet Edit Connecticut leads the way for the Great White Fleet in 1907 Main article Great White Fleet The cruise of the Great White Fleet was conceived as a way to demonstrate American military power particularly to Japan Tensions had begun to rise between the United States and Japan after the latter s victory in the Russo Japanese War in 1905 particularly over racist opposition to Japanese immigration to the United States The press in both countries began to call for war and Roosevelt hoped to use the demonstration of naval might to deter Japanese aggression 26 Connecticut left the New York Naval Yard on 5 December 1907 and arrived the next day in Hampton Roads where the Great White Fleet would assemble with her as their flagship After an eight day period known as Navy Farewell Week during which festivities were held for the departing sailors and all 16 battleships took on full loads of coal stores and ammunition the ships were ready to depart 25 The battleship captains paid their respects to President Theodore Roosevelt on the presidential yacht Mayflower and all the ships weighed anchor and departed at 1000 They passed in review before the President and then began traveling south 27 After steaming past Cape Hatteras the fleet headed for the Caribbean 28 They approached Puerto Rico on 20 December caught sight of Venezuela on 22 December and later dropped anchor in Port of Spain the capital of Trinidad 29 making the first port visit of the Great White Fleet 30 With the torpedo boat flotilla that had left Hampton Roads two weeks previously and five colliers to fill the coal bunkers of the fleet Port of Spain had a total of 32 US Navy ships in the harbor making it resemble a US Navy base 31 After spending Christmas in Trinidad the ships departed for Rio de Janeiro on 29 December 31 A ceremonial Brazilian escort of three cruisers met the task force 12 nmi 14 mi 22 km outside Rio 32 and thousands of wildly cheering Brazilians lined the shore 10 days of ceremonies games and festivities followed and the stopover was so successful that the visit was the cause of a major boost in US Brazilian relations 33 The fleet left Rio on 22 January 1908 still heading south this time bound for the coaling stop of Punta Arenas Chile 34 Four cruisers from Argentina San Martin Buenos Ayres 9 De Julio and Pueyrredon all under the command of Admiral Hipolito Oliva sailed 300 nmi 350 mi 560 km to salute the American ships on their way to Chile The fleet arrived at Punta Arenas on 1 February and spent five days in the town of 14 000 35 Heading north they followed the coastline of Chile passing in review of Chilean President Pedro Montt on 14 February outside Valparaiso and they were escorted to Callao in Peru by the cruiser Coronel Bolognesi on 19 and 20 February 36 Peru s president Jose Pardo came aboard Connecticut during this time as Rear Admiral Evans was quite ill and could not go ashore 37 After taking on coal the ships steamed for Mexico on 29 February passing in review of Pardo onboard the cruiser Almirante Grau before leaving 38 Postcard of the ship published in San Francisco Arriving in Mexico on 20 March the fleet underwent three weeks of target practice Rear Admiral Evans was relieved of command during this time as he was completely bedridden and in constant pain To get him medical attention Connecticut set sail north at full speed on 30 March She was met two days later by the schooner Yankton which took the admiral to a hospital Connecticut traveled back south to rejoin the fleet 38 and Rear Admiral Charles M Thomas took Evans s place on Connecticut as the commander of the fleet which continued its journey north towards California 39 On 5 May Evans returned to Connecticut in time for the fleet s sailing through the Golden Gate on 6 May 39 although he was still in pain 40 Over one million people watched the 42 ship fleet sail into the bay d After a grand parade through San Francisco a review of the fleet by Secretary of the Navy Victor H Metcalf a gala reception 40 and a farewell address from Evans who was retiring due to his illness and his age 41 the fleet left San Francisco for Seattle with Rear Admiral Charles Stillman Sperry as commander 42 The ships all underwent refits before the next leg of the voyage The fleet left the West Coast again on 7 July bound for Hawaii which it reached on 16 July 43 Leaving Hawaii on 22 July the ships next stopped at Auckland Sydney and Melbourne High seas and winds hampered the ships for part of the voyage to New Zealand but they arrived on 9 August festivities parades balls and games were staples of the visits to each city 44 The highlight of the austral visit was a parade of 12 000 US Navy Royal Navy and Commonwealth naval and military personnel in front of 250 000 people 45 Theodore Roosevelt on the 12 inch gun turret at right addresses the crew of Connecticut After stopping at Manila in the Philippines the fleet set course for Yokohama Japan They encountered a typhoon on the way on 12 October but no ships were lost the fleet was only delayed 24 hours 46 After three Japanese men of war and six merchantmen escorted the Americans in festivities began The celebrations culminated in the Uraga where Commodore Matthew C Perry had anchored a little more than 50 years prior 47 The ships then departed on 25 October After three weeks of exercises in the Philippines Subic Bay the ships sailed south on 1 December for Singapore they did not stop there however passing outside the city on 6 December 48 Continuing on they stopped at Colombo for coal from 12 to 20 December before sailing on for the Suez Canal 49 It took three days for all 16 battleships to traverse the canal even though it was closed to all other traffic They then headed for a coaling stop at Port Said Egypt after which the fleet split up into individual divisions to call on different ports in the Mediterranean 50 The First Division of which Connecticut was a part originally planned to visit Italy before moving on to Villefranche but Connecticut and Illinois were quickly dispatched to southern Italy on a humanitarian mission when news of the 1908 Messina earthquake reached the fleet 51 Seamen from the ships helped clear debris and unload supplies from the US Navy refrigerated supply ship Culgoa Admiral Sperry received the personal thanks of King Victor Emmanuel III for their assistance 52 After port calls were concluded the ships headed for Gibraltar where they found a conglomerate of warships from many different nations awaiting them with decks manned and horns blaring the battleships HMS Albemarle and Albion with the cruiser HMS Devonshire and the Second Cruiser Squadron represented Great Britain s Royal Navy battleships Tsesarevich and Slava with cruisers Admiral Makarov Bogatyr and Oleg represented the Imperial Russian Navy and various gunboats represented France and the Netherlands After coaling for five days the ships got under way and left for home on 6 February 1909 53 After weathering a few storms the ships met nine of their fellow US Navy ships five days out of Hampton Roads four battleships Maine Mississippi Idaho and New Hampshire the latter being the only sister of Connecticut to not make the cruise two armored cruisers and three scout cruisers 54 Connecticut then led all of these warships around Tail of the Horseshoe Lightship on 22 February to pass in review of President Roosevelt who was then on the presidential yacht anchored off Old Point Comfort ending a 46 729 nmi 53 775 mi 86 542 km trip Roosevelt boarded the ship after she anchored and gave a short speech saying You ve done the trick Other nations may do as you have done but they ll follow you 55 Pre World War I Edit Connecticut in dry dock at the Brooklyn Naval Yard after the world cruise in March 1909 Following her return from the world cruise Connecticut continued to serve as flagship of the Atlantic Fleet interrupted only by a March 1909 overhaul at the New York Navy Yard 56 After rejoining the fleet she cruised the East Coast from her base at Norfolk Virginia For the rest of 1909 the battleship conducted training and participated in ceremonial observances such as the Hudson Fulton Celebration 6 57 In early January 1910 Connecticut left for Cuban waters and stayed there until late March when she returned to New York for a refit 58 After several months conducting maneuvers and battle practice off the New England coast she left for Europe on 2 November to go on a midshipman training cruise 58 She arrived in Portland England on 15 November and was present during the 1 December birthday celebration of Queen Alexandra the queen mother Connecticut next visited Cherbourg France where she welcomed visitors from the town and also hosted commander in chief of the French Navy Vice Amiral Laurent Marin Darbel and a delegation of his officers While there a boat crew from Connecticut engaged a crew from the French battleship Charles Martel in a rowing race Connecticut s crew won by twelve lengths Connecticut departed French waters for Guantanamo Bay Cuba on 30 December 59 and stayed there until 17 March when she departed for Hampton Roads 60 Connecticut was the leader of the ships that passed in review during the Presidential Fleet Review in New York on 2 November she then remained in New York until 12 January 1912 when she returned to Guantanamo Bay During a March overhaul at the Philadelphia Naval Yard the battleship relinquished her role as flagship to the armored cruiser Washington After the overhaul s completion Connecticut s activities through the end of 1912 included practicing with torpedoes in Fort Pond Bay conducting fleet maneuvers and battle practice off Block Island and the Virginia Capes 61 Stopping in New York Connecticut conducted training exercises in Guantanamo Bay from 13 February to 20 March during this time on the 28th she once again became the Atlantic Fleet flagship for a brief and final time when she served in the interim as Rear Admiral Charles J Badger transferred his flag from Wyoming to Utah 62 63 After taking on stores in Philadelphia Connecticut sailed for Mexico and arrived on 22 April she was to patrol the waters near Tampico and Vera Cruz protecting American citizens and interests during disturbances there and in Haiti 6 64 Connecticut saluting the presidential yacht Mayflower during the Presidential Fleet Review in 1911 On 22 June 1912 Connecticut departed Mexican waters for Philadelphia where she was dry docked for three months of repairs Upon their completion Connecticut conducted gunnery practice off the Virginia Capes On 23 October Connecticut became the flagship of the Fourth Battleship Division After the division passed in review before Secretary of the Navy George von Lengerke Meyer on the 25th Connecticut left for Genoa Italy where she remained until 30 November 64 The battleship departed Italy for Vera Cruz and arrived on 23 December 65 She took refugees from Mexico to Galveston and carried officers of the Army and representative from the Red Cross back in the opposite direction 65 On 29 May 1914 while still in Mexico Connecticut relinquished the duty of flagship to Minnesota but remained in Mexico until 2 July when she left for Havana Arriving there on 8 July Connecticut embarked Madison R Smith the US minister to Haiti and took him to Port au Prince arriving five days later Connecticut remained in Haiti for a month then left for Philadelphia on 8 August and arrived there on 14 August 65 Connecticut then went to Maine and the Virginia Capes for battle practice after which she went into the Philadelphia Naval Yard for an overhaul After more than 15 weeks Connecticut emerged on 15 January 1915 and steamed south to Cuba where she conducted training exercises During maneuvers there in March 1915 a chain wrapped around her starboard propeller breaking the shaft and forcing her return to Philadelphia for repairs 66 67 She remained there until 31 July when she embarked 433 men from the Second Regiment First Brigade of the United States Marine Corps for transport to Port au Prince where they were put ashore on 5 August as part of the US occupation of Haiti Connecticut delivered supplies to amphibious troops in Cap Haitien on 5 September and remained near Haiti for the next few months supporting landing parties ashore including detachments of Marines and sailors from Connecticut under the command of Major Smedley Butler After departing Haiti Connecticut arrived in Philadelphia on 15 December and was placed into the Atlantic Reserve Fleet 68 World War I Edit As part of the US response to Germany s unrestricted submarine warfare Connecticut was recommissioned on 3 October 1916 Two days later Admiral Herbert O Dunn made her the flagship of the Fifth Battleship Division transferring his flag from Minnesota 69 Connecticut operated along the East Coast and in the Caribbean until the United States entered World War I on 6 April 1917 6 70 For the duration of the war Connecticut was based in York River Virginia 22 More than 1 000 trainees midshipmen and gun crews for merchant ships took part in exercises on her while she sailed in Chesapeake Bay and off the Virginia Capes 6 69 Inter war period Edit Connecticut photographed in 1920 At the close of the war Connecticut was assigned to the Cruiser and Transport Force for transport duty and from 6 January 22 June 1919 she made four voyages to return troops from France 71 72 On 6 January she left Hampton Roads for Brest France where she embarked 1 000 troops After bringing them to New York arriving on 2 February 72 Connecticut traveled back to Brest and picked up the 53rd Pioneer Regiment a company of Marines and a company of military police 1 240 troops in all These men were delivered to Hampton Roads on 24 March After two months Connecticut made another run overseas following a short period of liberty in Paris for her crew she embarked 891 men variously from the 502nd Army Engineers a medical detachment and the Red Cross They were dropped off in Newport News on 22 June 73 On 23 June 1919 after having returned over 4 800 men 71 Connecticut was reassigned as flagship of the Second Battleship Squadron of the Atlantic Fleet 6 under the command of Vice Admiral Hilary P Jones 73 While based in Philadelphia for the next 11 months Connecticut trained midshipmen On 2 May 1920 200 midshipmen boarded the ship for a training cruise In company with the other battleships of her squadron Connecticut sailed to the Caribbean and through the Panama Canal in order to visit four ports of call Honolulu Seattle San Francisco and San Pedro Bay Los Angeles and Long Beach After visiting all four the squadron made their way back through the canal and headed for home However the port engine of Connecticut gave out three days after transiting the canal requiring New Hampshire to tow the battleship into Guantanamo Bay The pair arrived on 28 August 73 The midshipmen were debarked there 74 and Vice Admiral Jones transferred his flag from Connecticut to his new flagship Kansas 73 The Navy repair ship Prometheus was dispatched from New York on 1 September to tow Connecticut to Philadelphia 75 they arrived at the Navy Yard there on 11 September 74 The Connecticut s bell on display in Mystic Depot On 21 March 1921 Connecticut again became the flagship of the Second Battleship Squadron when Rear Admiral Charles Frederick Hughes took command The ships of the squadron departed Philadelphia on 7 April to perform maneuvers and training exercises off Cuba though they returned to take part in the Presidential Review in Hampton Roads on 28 April After participating in Naval Academy celebrations on Memorial Day Connecticut and her squadmates departed on a midshipman cruise which took them to Europe On 28 June Connecticut hosted a Norwegian delegation that included King Haakon VII Prime Minister Otto Blehr the Minister of Defence and the First Sea Lord of the Royal Norwegian Navy After arriving in Portugal on 21 July the battleship hosted the Civil Governor of the Province of Lisbon and the Commander in Chief of the Portuguese Navy Six days later Connecticut hosted the Portuguese president Antonio Jose de Almeida 74 The battleship squadron departed for Guantanamo Bay on 29 July and after arrival there remained for gunnery practice and exercises Connecticut leaving the rest of the squadron departed for Annapolis and disembarked her midshipmen on 30 August then proceeded to Philadelphia 76 Connecticut departed Philadelphia for California on 4 October for duty with the Pacific Fleet After touching at San Diego on 27 October she arrived on 28 October at San Pedro where Rear Admiral H O Stickney designated her the flagship of Pacific Fleet Training 76 For the next few months Connecticut cruised along the West Coast taking part in exercises and commemorations 6 Under the terms of the Washington Naval Treaty which set tonnage limits for its signatory nations the Navy designated Connecticut for scrapping Getting under way for her final voyage on 11 December she made a five day journey to the Puget Sound Navy Yard 76 where she was decommissioned on 1 March 1923 6 77 3 5 On 1 November 1923 6 the ex Connecticut was sold for scrap to Walter W Johnson of San Francisco for 42 750 78 In June 1924 the tug SS Roosevelt set a record for the largest tow by a single tug in history when she towed Connecticut from Seattle to Oakland California for scrapping 79 Notes Edit 45 refers to the length of the gun in terms of calibers A 45 gun is 45 times long as it is in bore diameter It was estimated that drilling the hole would have taken 20 minutes See Armed tug last night guarded new warship PDF The New York Times 3 October 1904 p 1 Retrieved 5 February 2009 Ponce was eventually found and towed back to port by a German freighter the seven passengers were taken off by the Quebec liner Bermudian See Ponce s passengers return PDF The New York Times 20 January 1907 p 12 Retrieved 5 February 2009 The Great White Fleet was joined by various Pacific Fleet warships and a torpedo boat flotilla for their entrance into the harbor making the conglomerate of ships the most powerful concentration of naval might yet gathered in the Western Hemisphere See Albertson 2007 p 47 References Edit a b c Gardiner p 144 Friedman 1985 p 46 a b c d e Connecticut BB 18 Naval Vessel Register Retrieved 6 February 2009 a b Albertson 2007 p 35 a b c d Friedman 1985 p 419 a b c d e f g h i j Connecticut Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships Navy Department Naval History and Heritage Command Retrieved 13 January 2017 Battleship Connecticut takes birthday plunge PDF The New York Times 30 September 1904 p 6 Retrieved 5 February 2009 Navy s big fighters here after hard work PDF The New York Times 19 September 1904 p 1 Retrieved 5 February 2009 a b c Armed tug last night guarded new warship PDF The New York Times 3 October 1904 p 1 Retrieved 5 February 2009 First tried to wreck ship six months ago PDF The New York Times 4 October 1904 p 9 Retrieved 5 February 2009 Albertson 2007 pp 35 36 The Connecticut sails on her maiden trip PDF The New York Times 16 December 1906 p 13 Retrieved 5 February 2009 a b Albertson 2007 p 36 Still without tidings of steamship Ponce PDF The New York Times 9 February 1907 p 16 Retrieved 5 February 2009 Hope for Ponce grows with Maracas delay PDF The New York Times 11 January 1907 p 16 Retrieved 5 February 2009 a b Connecticut on a reef PDF The New York Times 24 January 1907 p 1 Retrieved 5 February 2009 The Connecticut all right PDF The New York Times 25 January 1907 p 1 Retrieved 5 February 2009 Connecticut s plates driven upward by reef PDF The New York Times 6 February 1907 p 5 Retrieved 5 February 2009 Court martial for Swift PDF The New York Times 21 March 1907 p 5 Retrieved 5 February 2009 Capt Swift on trial PDF The New York Times 27 March 1907 p 4 Retrieved 5 February 2009 Capt Swift is Reprieved PDF The New York Times 25 October 1907 p 7 Retrieved 7 February 2009 a b USS Connecitcut sic BB 18 The Great White Fleet A Historical Look at the People Ports of Call and Events Navy Department Archived from the original on 8 August 2009 Retrieved 5 February 2009 Albertson 2007 pp 36 37 Albertson 2007 p 37 a b Albertson 2007 p 38 Hendrix pp XIII XIV Albertson 2007 p 39 Albertson 2007 p 40 Albertson 2007 p 41 JO2 Journalist Second Class Mike McKinley 1 April 2015 Cruise of the Great White Fleet Naval History and Heritage Command Retrieved 11 November 2015 a b Albertson 2007 p 42 Albertson 2007 pp 42 43 Albertson 2007 p 43 Albertson 2007 p 43 44 Albertson 2007 p 44 Albertson 2007 pp 44 45 Albertson 2007 p 45 a b Albertson 2007 p 46 a b Albertson 2007 p 47 a b Albertson 2007 p 48 Albertson 2007 pp 48 49 Albertson 2007 p 49 Albertson 2007 pp 49 50 Albertson 2007 pp 52 56 Albertson 2007 p 54 Albertson 2007 pp 57 58 Albertson 2007 pp 58 59 Albertson 2007 p 60 Albertson 2007 pp 61 62 Albertson 2007 p 62 Albertson 2007 pp 62 63 Albertson 2007 p 63 Albertson 2007 pp 63 64 Albertson 2007 pp 64 65 Albertson 2007 pp 65 66 Albertson 2007 p 66 Albertson 2007 pp 66 67 a b Albertson 2007 p 67 Albertson 2007 p 68 Albertson 2007 pp 68 69 Albertson 2007 p 69 Albertson 2007 pp 69 70 Wyoming Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships Navy Department Naval History amp Heritage Command Retrieved 13 January 2017 a b Albertson 2007 p 70 a b c Albertson 2007 p 71 Shaft of Battleship Connecticut Breaks during Manoeuvers The Bridgeport Evening Farmer Bridgeport Connecticut 16 March 1915 p 7 Retrieved 6 December 2016 Battleship Connecticut in Drydock at League Island Evening Public Ledger Philadelphia PA 3 April 1915 p 16 Retrieved 6 December 2016 Albertson 2007 p 72 a b Albertson 2007 p 73 See Woodrow Wilson Urges Congress to Declare War on Germany text of a speech given by Wilson before Congress a b Gleaves 1921 pp 250 51 a b Albertson 2007 p 73 74 a b c d Albertson 2007 p 74 a b c Albertson 2007 p 75 Prometheus Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships Navy Department Naval History amp Heritage Command Retrieved 13 January 2017 a b c Albertson 2007 p 76 Albertson 2007 p 76 77 Albertson 2007 p 77 Roosevelt Bureau s First Pribilof Tender AFSC Historical Corner Retrieved 15 September 2018 Bibliography EditAlbertson Mark 2007 U S S Connecticut Constitution State Battleship Mustang Oklahoma Tate Publishing ISBN 978 1 59886 739 8 OCLC 173513595 Babcock amp Wilcox Company 1914 Forged Steel Water tube Marine Boilers 1st issue 2nd ed New York Babcock amp Wilcox OCLC 2358875 Friedman Norman 1985 U S Battleships An Illustrated Design History Annapolis Maryland Naval Institute Press ISBN 0 87021 715 1 OCLC 12214729 Gleaves Albert 1921 A History of the Transport Service Adventures and Experiences of United States Transports and Cruisers in the World War New York George H Doran Company OCLC 976757 Hendrix Henry 2009 Theodore Roosevelt s Naval Diplomacy The U S Navy and the Birth of the American Century Annapolis Naval Institute Press ISBN 978 1 61251 831 2 External links Edit Battleships portal Wikimedia Commons has media related to USS Connecticut BB 18 USS Connecticut from the Library of Congress at Flickr Commons Photo gallery of Connecticut at NavSource Naval History Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title USS Connecticut BB 18 amp oldid 1140838057, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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