University Clinical Aptitude Test

The University Clinical Aptitude Test (UCAT) is an admissions test used in the selection process by a consortium of universities in the United Kingdom, Singapore, Australia and New Zealand for their medical and dental degree programmes. UCAT is needed, except very few universities, for admission into undergraduate medical degrees in Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, and UK.^[1] Launched in 2006 as the UK Clinical Aptitude Test (UKCAT), it was renamed in 2019 following the launch of the test in Australia and New Zealand.

University Clinical Aptitude Test

Type	Multiple choice
Developer / administrator	Pearson
Year started	2006
Duration	2 hours
Score / grade range	1200-3600 and Banding 1-4
Languages	English
Annual number of test takers	36,374 (2022)
Website	www.ucat.ac.uk

It is one of two main admissions tests used in the UK for medical, dental and other health-related courses, the other being the BioMedical Admissions Test (BMAT). Since 2020 the annual number of test takers has risen to over 30,000 candidates each year.

Format

The UCAT is designed to be a test of aptitude and attitude, not academic achievement. The latter is already demonstrated by A-Levels, Scottish Highers or undergraduate degrees. It attempts to assess a certain range of mental abilities and behavioural attributes identified as useful. These mental abilities include critical thinking as well as logical reasoning and inference.

The UCAT consists of five subtests: four cognitive tests, and one testing your professional demeanour. Each test has a time allocation as below:^[2]

• Verbal Reasoning – assesses candidates' ability to think logically about written information and arrive at a reasoned conclusion. The candidate is given 21 minutes, with 11 passages to read and 44 questions to answer in that time.
• Decision Making – assesses the ability to apply logic to reach a decision or conclusion, evaluate arguments and analyse statistical information. The candidate is allocated 31 minutes to answer 29 items associated with text, charts, tables, graphs or diagrams.
• Quantitative Reasoning – assesses candidates' ability to solve numerical problems. The candidate is given 25 minutes to answer 36 questions associated with either tables, charts, graphs etc. as information.
• Abstract Reasoning – assesses candidates' ability to infer relationships from information by convergent and divergent thinking. The candidate is allocated 12 minutes to answer 50 questions associated with sets of shapes.

The situational judgement test is a different type of test from the tests above:^[3]

• Situational Judgement – measures candidates' responses in situations and their grasp of medical ethics and capacity to understand real world situations. This section of the test is 26 minutes long, with 69 questions associated with 22 scenarios.

The test is a computer-based, online test taken at a Pearson Vue centre near the candidate. Candidates are not allowed to bring external materials in to the exam. A basic calculator is provided on the screen, along with a white board and a marker pen for taking notes. The equipment and conditions vary slightly between different test centers.

Including 1 minute to read instructions before each subtest, the test lasts a maximum of 2 hours (or 2.5 hours for the UCATSEN version of the test). Each of the UCAT subtests is in a multiple-choice format and is separately timed. There is also 2 minutes of warm-up time (to read general instructions on the whole exam) at the start.

The test must be sat in the summer of 2024 by candidates who want to apply to member universities for entry in 2025 (or deferred entry in 2026).

Content and preparation

There is no curriculum content, as the test is designed to probe innate skills. These include basic arithmetic, reading and writing ability, along with character, and personal and social attitudes.

Past papers are not available. There are however question banks and fully timed practice tests on the UCAT website. All candidates are urged to read this attentively. The UCAT Consortium recommend that candidates prepare for the test, and provide extensive free materials on their site to assist.^[4]

Scoring and results

Each of the first four subsections (Verbal Reasoning, Decision Making, Quantitative Reasoning and Abstract Reasoning) are each scored in a range of 300 - 900. The Situational Judgement Test is scored with bands 1–4.^[5][6]

Unlike the BMAT, UCAT test takers are informed of their UCAT result immediately after sitting their test, and well in advance of the UCAS deadline, allowing them to consider this when selecting their UCAS choices. Universities use UCAT results in different ways during their admissions processes, but should all provide information on their websites regarding how they use the UCAT in selection.

For some universities the UCAT score is a significant factor in their consideration of applications. For others it may be a less significant factor or only used in marginal situations. Most universities consider total score (i.e. the score after each of the cognitive subtest scores have been added together). However some do look at individual subtest scores and may even have a cut-off score for a particular subtest.

Widening participation

The UCAT Consortium offers a bursary scheme to cover the full test fee to UK and EU candidates in financial need who meet a set eligibility criteria.

Usefulness and controversies

The UCAT Consortium specifies, "Every university uses the UCAT result as part of a well-rounded admissions policy in which several other factors also carry considerable weight." UCAT has been shown to have some independent predictive validity of performance at medical school,^[7] but considerably less than A-levels.^[8][9]

There is some evidence from Australia that women and people from more rural areas or of lower socio‐economic status perform less well on the UCAT, and this appears to be to a greater extent than with the UMAT exam that it replaced in Australia.^[10]

A summary of relevant published work since 2009 is available on the Published Research page of the UCAT website.

Participating universities

As of 2022, the UCAT is a compulsory entry requirement for medical and / or dental courses at the following universities:^[11][12]

Australia

• University of Adelaide
• Central Queensland University
• Charles Sturt University
• Curtin University
• Flinders University
• Griffith University
• Monash University
• University of Newcastle / University of New England
• University of New South Wales
• University of Queensland
• University of Tasmania
• University of Western Australia
• Western Sydney University

New Zealand

• University of Auckland
• University of Otago

United Kingdom

• University of Aberdeen
• Anglia Ruskin University
• Aston University
• University of Birmingham
• University of Bristol
• Brunel University London
• University College London
• Cardiff University
• University of Chester
• University of Dundee
• University of East Anglia
• Edge Hill University
• University of Edinburgh
• University of Exeter
• University of Glasgow
• Hull York Medical School
• Imperial College London
• Keele University
• Kent and Medway Medical School
• King's College London
• University of Leicester
• University of Liverpool
• University of Manchester
• Newcastle University
• University of Nottingham
• University of Lincoln
• Plymouth University
• Queen Mary University of London
• Queen's University Belfast
• University of Sheffield
• University of Southampton
• University of St Andrews
• St George's, University of London
• University of Sunderland
• University of Surrey
• University of Warwick (Graduate Entry)
• University of Worcester

See also

• BMAT
• GAMSAT

References

1. Which universities don't require you UCAT for medicine and why, ucatmasterclass, excess 9th August 2023.
2. "About the test:Test format". www.ucat.ac.uk. University Clinical Aptitude Test. Retrieved 13 February 2019.
3. "UCAT Situational Judgement: The Definitive Guide". www.6med.co.uk. August 2018. Retrieved 24 October 2022.
4. "Practice Tests and Reources".
5. "Scoring | UCAT Consortium". www.ucat.ac.uk. Retrieved 23 May 2022.
6. "UCAT Scores and UCAT Scoring Guide 2022 | UCAT | 2022". www.theukcatpeople.co.uk. Retrieved 23 May 2022.
7. McManus, IC; Dewberry, Chris; Nicholson, Sandra; Dowell, Jonathan S (14 November 2013). "The UKCAT-12 study: educational attainment, aptitude test performance, demographic and socio-economic contextual factors as predictors of first year outcome in a cross-sectional collaborative study of 12 UK medical schools". BMC Medicine. 11: 244. doi:10.1186/1741-7015-11-243. PMC 3827328. PMID 24229353.  
8. McManus et al. (2013), "Construct-level predictive validity of educational attainment and intellectual aptitude tests in medical student selection: meta-regression of six UK longitudinal studies", BMC Medicine, 11:243
9. McManus et al. (2013), "The Academic Backbone: longitudinal continuities in educational achievement from secondary school and medical school to MRCP(UK) and the specialist register in UK medical students and doctors", BMC Medicine, 11:242
10. Griffin, Barbara; Horton, Graeme L.; Lampe, Lisa; Shulruf, Boaz; Hu, Wendy (14 December 2020). "The change from UMAT to UCAT for undergraduate medical school applicants: impact on selection outcomes". Medical Journal of Australia. 214 (2). ISSN 0025-729X.
11. "UCAT Universities". UCAT Consortium. Retrieved 7 November 2022.
12. "UCAT ANZ Universities". UCAT Consortium. Retrieved 7 November 2022.

External links

• Official website  
• UCAT score calculator