Mitochondrial uncoupling protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the UCP3gene.[5][6] The gene is located in chromosome (11q13.4) with an exon count of 7 (HGNC et al., 2016) and is expressed on the inner mitochondrial membrane. Uncoupling proteins transfer anions from the inner mitochondrial membrane to the outer mitochondrial membrane, thereby separating (or uncoupling) oxidative phosphorylation from synthesis of ATP, and dissipating energy stored in the mitochondrial membrane potential as heat. Uncoupling proteins also reduce generation of reactive oxygen species.
Mitochondrial uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) is a members of the larger family of mitochondrial anion carrier proteins (MACP). UCPs facilitate the transfer of anions from the inner to the outer mitochondrial membrane and transfer of protons from the outer to the inner mitochondrial membrane, reducing the mitochondrial membrane potential in mammalian cells. The exact mechanisms of how UCPs transfer H+/OH− are not known.[7] In addition to UCP1, UCP3 is an important mediator of thermogenesis.
Protein expressionedit
Uncoupling proteins are transporters in mitochondrial membrane which deplete the proton gradient. UCP1 is highly expressed in brown adipocytes, UCP2 is variably expressed in many different tissues, and UCP3 is expressed primarily in skeletal muscle. At amino acid level human UCP3 is 71% equivalent to UCP2. UCP3 i
Associated SNPsedit
UCP3 were confirmed containing four single nucleotide polymorphism rs1800849, rs11235972, rs1726745 and rs3781907. There was high impact score of rs11235972 GG genotype thus showing association of UCP3 gene polymorphism and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Chinese children (Xu YP et al., 2013) The research of counterfeits in two independent population there was a similarity between the -55CT mutation of UCP3 and lower BMI. This affiliation was being modulated by the energy intake, hence deriving the undefined effect of diet and partly association of inconsistencies of prior related studies.
Structureedit
UCPs contain the three homologous protein domains of MACPs.[7]
Gene regulationedit
This gene has tissue-specific transcription initiation with other transcription initiation sites upstream of SM-1 (major skeletal muscle site). Chromosomal order is 5'-UCP3-UCP2-3'. Two splice variants have been found for this gene.[7]
Disease associationedit
Mutations in the UCP3 gene are associated with obesity.[8][9] UCP3 plays an essential role in obesity. A mutation in exon 3 (V102I) was diagnosed in an obese and diabetic. A mutation initializing a stop codon at exon 4 (R143X) and a mutation in the splice donor junction of exon 6 was analyzed in a compound heterozygote which was unnaturally obese and diabetic.[8] Allele frequency of exon 3 and exon 6 splice at an alliance mutation were analyzed to be similar in African American and mende tribe and was absent in Caucasians.[8] Exon 6–splice donor being heterozygotes, fat oxidation rates was reduced by 50%, initiating a role for UCP3 in metabolic fuel partitioning.[8] UCP3 (uncoupling protein) deliberates the hypoxia resistance to the renal epithelial cells and its upregulation in renal cell carcinoma.[10] The energy consumption of modulated and the association of -55CT polymorphism of UCP3 with the body weight and in type 2 diabetic patients.[11]
Inhibitorsedit
Since protein UCP3 is affecting the long chain fatty acid metabolism and preventing cytosolic triglyceride storage. Telmisartan being an inhibitor by proven studies on rat skeletal muscle and improving the mutant protein activity and also its involvement in the dominant negative UCP3 mutants(C V Musa et al., 2012). Hence, novel UCP3 gene variants which associated to childhood obesity and even the effect of fatty acid oxidation prevention in triglyceride storage(C V Musa et al., 2012).
Interactionsedit
UCP3 has been shown to interact with YWHAQ.[12] Uncoupling protein UPC2 and uncoupling protein UPC3 interaction with members of the 14.3.3 family (Benoit pierrat et al., 2000). Uncoupling protein (UCP3) modulating the process of Sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) by declining the mitochondrial ATP fabrication (De Marchi U et al., 2011).
^ abcGRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000175564 - Ensembl, May 2017
^ abcGRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000032942 - Ensembl, May 2017
^"Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^"Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^Boss O, Giacobino JP, Muzzin P (February 1998). "Genomic structure of uncoupling protein-3 (UCP3) and its assignment to chromosome 11q13". Genomics. 47 (3): 425–6. doi:10.1006/geno.1997.5135. PMID 9480760.
^Vidal-Puig A, Solanes G, Grujic D, Flier JS, Lowell BB (June 1997). "UCP3: an uncoupling protein homologue expressed preferentially and abundantly in skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 235 (1): 79–82. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1997.6740. PMID 9196039.
^ abc"Entrez Gene: UCP3 uncoupling protein 3 (mitochondrial, proton carrier)".
^ abcdArgyropoulos G, Brown AM, Willi SM, Zhu J, He Y, Reitman M, Gevao SM, Spruill I, Garvey WT (October 1998). "Effects of mutations in the human uncoupling protein 3 gene on the respiratory quotient and fat oxidation in severe obesity and type 2 diabetes". The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 102 (7): 1345–51. doi:10.1172/JCI4115. PMC508981. PMID 9769326.
^Dalgaard LT, Sørensen TI, Drivsholm T, Borch-Johnsen K, Andersen T, Hansen T, Pedersen O (March 2001). "A prevalent polymorphism in the promoter of the UCP3 gene and its relationship to body mass index and long term body weight change in the Danish population". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 86 (3): 1398–402. doi:10.1210/jcem.86.3.7301. PMID 11238538.
^Braun N, Klumpp D, Hennenlotter J, Bedke J, Duranton C, Bleif M, Huber SM (August 2015). "UCP-3 uncoupling protein confers hypoxia resistance to renal epithelial cells and is upregulated in renal cell carcinoma". Scientific Reports. 5: 13450. Bibcode:2015NatSR...513450B. doi:10.1038/srep13450. PMC4548255. PMID 26304588.
^Lapice E, Monticelli A, Cocozza S, Pinelli M, Giacco A, Rivellese AA, Cocozza S, Riccardi G, Vaccaro O (June 2014). "The energy intake modulates the association of the -55CT polymorphism of UCP3 with body weight in type 2 diabetic patients". International Journal of Obesity. 38 (6): 873–7. doi:10.1038/ijo.2013.174. PMID 24026107. S2CID 205154594.
^Pierrat B, Ito M, Hinz W, Simonen M, Erdmann D, Chiesi M, Heim J (May 2000). "Uncoupling proteins 2 and 3 interact with members of the 14.3.3 family". European Journal of Biochemistry. 267 (9): 2680–7. doi:10.1046/j.1432-1327.2000.01285.x. PMID 10785390.
Further readingedit
Hilse KE, Rupprecht A, Egerbacher M, Bardakji S, Zimmermann L, Wulczyn AE, Pohl EE (22 June 2018). "The Expression of Uncoupling Protein 3 Coincides With the Fatty Acid Oxidation Type of Metabolism in Adult Murine Heart". Frontiers in Physiology. 9: 747. doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.00747. PMC6024016. PMID 29988383.
Macher G, Koehler M, Rupprecht A, Kreiter J, Hinterdorfer P, Pohl EE (March 2018). "Inhibition of mitochondrial UCP1 and UCP3 by purine nucleotides and phosphate". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes. 1860 (3): 664–672. doi:10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.12.001. PMC6118327. PMID 29212043.
Hilse KE, Kalinovich AV, Rupprecht A, Smorodchenko A, Zeitz U, Staniek K, Erben RG, Pohl EE (January 2016). "The expression of UCP3 directly correlates to UCP1 abundance in brown adipose tissue". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics. 1857 (1): 72–78. doi:10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.10.011. PMC7115856. PMID 26518386.
Muzzin P (April 2002). "The uncoupling proteins". Annales d'Endocrinologie. 63 (2 Pt 1): 106–10. PMID 11994670.
Boss O, Samec S, Paoloni-Giacobino A, Rossier C, Dulloo A, Seydoux J, Muzzin P, Giacobino JP (May 1997). "Uncoupling protein-3: a new member of the mitochondrial carrier family with tissue-specific expression". FEBS Letters. 408 (1): 39–42. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(97)00384-0. PMID 9180264. S2CID 33808140.
Gong DW, He Y, Karas M, Reitman M (September 1997). "Uncoupling protein-3 is a mediator of thermogenesis regulated by thyroid hormone, beta3-adrenergic agonists, and leptin". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 272 (39): 24129–32. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.39.24129. PMID 9305858.
Solanes G, Vidal-Puig A, Grujic D, Flier JS, Lowell BB (October 1997). "The human uncoupling protein-3 gene. Genomic structure, chromosomal localization, and genetic basis for short and long form transcripts". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 272 (41): 25433–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.41.25433. PMID 9325252.
Urhammer SA, Dalgaard LT, Sørensen TI, Tybjaerg-Hansen A, Echwald SM, Andersen T, Clausen JO, Pedersen O (February 1998). "Organisation of the coding exons and mutational screening of the uncoupling protein 3 gene in subjects with juvenile-onset obesity". Diabetologia. 41 (2): 241–4. doi:10.1007/s001250050897. PMID 9498661.
Argyropoulos G, Brown AM, Willi SM, Zhu J, He Y, Reitman M, Gevao SM, Spruill I, Garvey WT (October 1998). "Effects of mutations in the human uncoupling protein 3 gene on the respiratory quotient and fat oxidation in severe obesity and type 2 diabetes". The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 102 (7): 1345–51. doi:10.1172/JCI4115. PMC508981. PMID 9769326.
Acín A, Rodriguez M, Rique H, Canet E, Boutin JA, Galizzi JP (May 1999). "Cloning and characterization of the 5' flanking region of the human uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) gene". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 258 (2): 278–83. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1999.0530. PMID 10329378.
Vidal-Puig AJ, Grujic D, Zhang CY, Hagen T, Boss O, Ido Y, Szczepanik A, Wade J, Mootha V, Cortright R, Muoio DM, Lowell BB (May 2000). "Energy metabolism in uncoupling protein 3 gene knockout mice". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 275 (21): 16258–66. doi:10.1074/jbc.M910179199. PMID 10748196.
Jezek P, Urbánková E (January 2000). "Specific sequence of motifs of mitochondrial uncoupling proteins". IUBMB Life. 49 (1): 63–70. doi:10.1080/713803586. PMID 10772343. S2CID 8541209.
Pierrat B, Ito M, Hinz W, Simonen M, Erdmann D, Chiesi M, Heim J (May 2000). "Uncoupling proteins 2 and 3 interact with members of the 14.3.3 family". European Journal of Biochemistry. 267 (9): 2680–7. doi:10.1046/j.1432-1327.2000.01285.x. PMID 10785390.
Clapham JC, Arch JR, Chapman H, Haynes A, Lister C, Moore GB, Piercy V, Carter SA, Lehner I, Smith SA, Beeley LJ, Godden RJ, Herrity N, Skehel M, Changani KK, Hockings PD, Reid DG, Squires SM, Hatcher J, Trail B, Latcham J, Rastan S, Harper AJ, Cadenas S, Buckingham JA, Brand MD, Abuin A (July 2000). "Mice overexpressing human uncoupling protein-3 in skeletal muscle are hyperphagic and lean". Nature. 406 (6794): 415–8. Bibcode:2000Natur.406..415C. doi:10.1038/35019082. PMID 10935638. S2CID 4397638.
Esterbauer H, Oberkofler H, Krempler F, Strosberg AD, Patsch W (November 2000). "The uncoupling protein-3 gene is transcribed from tissue-specific promoters in humans but not in rodents". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 275 (46): 36394–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M005713200. PMID 10958796.
Lanouette CM, Chagnon YC, Rice T, Pérusse L, Muzzin P, Giacobino JP, Gagnon J, Wilmore JH, Leon AS, Skinner JS, Rao DC, Bouchard C (March 2002). "Uncoupling protein 3 gene is associated with body composition changes with training in HERITAGE study". Journal of Applied Physiology. 92 (3): 1111–8. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00726.2001. PMID 11842047.
Collins P, Bing C, McCulloch P, Williams G (February 2002). "Muscle UCP-3 mRNA levels are elevated in weight loss associated with gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma in humans". British Journal of Cancer. 86 (3): 372–5. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6600074. PMC2375209. PMID 11875702.
Hu X, Murphy F, Karwautz A, Li T, Freeman B, Franklin D, Giotakis O, Treasure J, Collier DA (2002). "Analysis of microsatellite markers at the UCP2/UCP3 locus on chromosome 11q13 in anorexia nervosa". Molecular Psychiatry. 7 (3): 276–7. doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001044. PMID 11920154. S2CID 9405576.
April 11, 2024
ucp3, mitochondrial, uncoupling, protein, protein, that, humans, encoded, gene, gene, located, chromosome, 11q13, with, exon, count, hgnc, 2016, expressed, inner, mitochondrial, membrane, uncoupling, proteins, transfer, anions, from, inner, mitochondrial, memb. Mitochondrial uncoupling protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the UCP3 gene 5 6 The gene is located in chromosome 11q13 4 with an exon count of 7 HGNC et al 2016 and is expressed on the inner mitochondrial membrane Uncoupling proteins transfer anions from the inner mitochondrial membrane to the outer mitochondrial membrane thereby separating or uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation from synthesis of ATP and dissipating energy stored in the mitochondrial membrane potential as heat Uncoupling proteins also reduce generation of reactive oxygen species UCP3IdentifiersAliasesUCP3 uncoupling protein 3 mitochondrial proton carrier SLC25A9 uncoupling protein 3External IDsOMIM 602044 MGI 1099787 HomoloGene 2517 GeneCards UCP3Gene location Human Chr Chromosome 11 human 1 Band11q13 4Start74 000 277 bp 1 End74 009 085 bp 1 Gene location Mouse Chr Chromosome 7 mouse 2 Band7 E2 7 54 36 cMStart100 122 197 bp 2 End100 135 639 bp 2 RNA expression patternBgeeHumanMouse ortholog Top expressed ingastrocnemius muscletriceps brachii musclethoracic diaphragmskeletal muscle tissuequadriceps femoris musclevastus lateralis musclebiceps brachiideltoid muscletibialis anterior musclebody of tongueTop expressed insternocleidomastoid muscletriceps brachii muscletibialis anterior musclequadriceps femoris muscleplantaris muscletemporal muscleknee jointdigastric muscleright ventricleextensor digitorum longus muscleMore reference expression dataBioGPSMore reference expression dataGene ontologyMolecular functiontransporter activity protein binding oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler activity transmembrane transporter activityCellular componentmembrane mitochondrial membranes mitochondrion mitochondrial inner membrane integral component of membraneBiological processresponse to hypoxia response to superoxide response to nutrient lipid metabolism response to steroid hormone human ageing response to glucocorticoid response to activity respiratory gaseous exchange by respiratory system fatty acid metabolic process response to insulin cellular response to hormone stimulus response to cold mitochondrial transmembrane transport adaptive thermogenesis mitochondrial transport proton transmembrane transportSources Amigo QuickGOOrthologsSpeciesHumanMouseEntrez735222229EnsemblENSG00000175564ENSMUSG00000032942UniProtP55916P56501RefSeq mRNA NM 022803NM 003356NM 009464RefSeq protein NP 003347NP 073714NP 033490Location UCSC Chr 11 74 74 01 MbChr 7 100 12 100 14 MbPubMed search 3 4 WikidataView Edit HumanView Edit Mouse Contents 1 Function 2 Protein expression 3 Associated SNPs 4 Structure 5 Gene regulation 6 Disease association 7 Inhibitors 8 Interactions 9 See also 10 References 11 Further readingFunction editMitochondrial uncoupling protein 3 UCP3 is a members of the larger family of mitochondrial anion carrier proteins MACP UCPs facilitate the transfer of anions from the inner to the outer mitochondrial membrane and transfer of protons from the outer to the inner mitochondrial membrane reducing the mitochondrial membrane potential in mammalian cells The exact mechanisms of how UCPs transfer H OH are not known 7 In addition to UCP1 UCP3 is an important mediator of thermogenesis Protein expression editUncoupling proteins are transporters in mitochondrial membrane which deplete the proton gradient UCP1 is highly expressed in brown adipocytes UCP2 is variably expressed in many different tissues and UCP3 is expressed primarily in skeletal muscle At amino acid level human UCP3 is 71 equivalent to UCP2 UCP3 iAssociated SNPs editUCP3 were confirmed containing four single nucleotide polymorphism rs1800849 rs11235972 rs1726745 and rs3781907 There was high impact score of rs11235972 GG genotype thus showing association of UCP3 gene polymorphism and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Chinese children Xu YP et al 2013 The research of counterfeits in two independent population there was a similarity between the 55CT mutation of UCP3 and lower BMI This affiliation was being modulated by the energy intake hence deriving the undefined effect of diet and partly association of inconsistencies of prior related studies Structure editUCPs contain the three homologous protein domains of MACPs 7 Gene regulation editThis gene has tissue specific transcription initiation with other transcription initiation sites upstream of SM 1 major skeletal muscle site Chromosomal order is 5 UCP3 UCP2 3 Two splice variants have been found for this gene 7 Disease association editMutations in the UCP3 gene are associated with obesity 8 9 UCP3 plays an essential role in obesity A mutation in exon 3 V102I was diagnosed in an obese and diabetic A mutation initializing a stop codon at exon 4 R143X and a mutation in the splice donor junction of exon 6 was analyzed in a compound heterozygote which was unnaturally obese and diabetic 8 Allele frequency of exon 3 and exon 6 splice at an alliance mutation were analyzed to be similar in African American and mende tribe and was absent in Caucasians 8 Exon 6 splice donor being heterozygotes fat oxidation rates was reduced by 50 initiating a role for UCP3 in metabolic fuel partitioning 8 UCP3 uncoupling protein deliberates the hypoxia resistance to the renal epithelial cells and its upregulation in renal cell carcinoma 10 The energy consumption of modulated and the association of 55CT polymorphism of UCP3 with the body weight and in type 2 diabetic patients 11 Inhibitors editSince protein UCP3 is affecting the long chain fatty acid metabolism and preventing cytosolic triglyceride storage Telmisartan being an inhibitor by proven studies on rat skeletal muscle and improving the mutant protein activity and also its involvement in the dominant negative UCP3 mutants C V Musa et al 2012 Hence novel UCP3 gene variants which associated to childhood obesity and even the effect of fatty acid oxidation prevention in triglyceride storage C V Musa et al 2012 Interactions editUCP3 has been shown to interact with YWHAQ 12 Uncoupling protein UPC2 and uncoupling protein UPC3 interaction with members of the 14 3 3 family Benoit pierrat et al 2000 Uncoupling protein UCP3 modulating the process of Sarco endoplasmic reticulum Ca2 ATPase SERCA by declining the mitochondrial ATP fabrication De Marchi U et al 2011 See also editUncoupling proteinReferences edit a b c GRCh38 Ensembl release 89 ENSG00000175564 Ensembl May 2017 a b c GRCm38 Ensembl release 89 ENSMUSG00000032942 Ensembl May 2017 Human PubMed Reference National Center for Biotechnology Information U S National Library of Medicine Mouse PubMed Reference National Center for Biotechnology Information U S National Library of Medicine Boss O Giacobino JP Muzzin P February 1998 Genomic structure of uncoupling protein 3 UCP3 and its assignment to chromosome 11q13 Genomics 47 3 425 6 doi 10 1006 geno 1997 5135 PMID 9480760 Vidal Puig A Solanes G Grujic D Flier JS Lowell BB June 1997 UCP3 an uncoupling protein homologue expressed preferentially and abundantly in skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 235 1 79 82 doi 10 1006 bbrc 1997 6740 PMID 9196039 a b c Entrez Gene UCP3 uncoupling protein 3 mitochondrial proton carrier a b c d Argyropoulos G Brown AM Willi SM Zhu J He Y Reitman M Gevao SM Spruill I Garvey WT October 1998 Effects of mutations in the human uncoupling protein 3 gene on the respiratory quotient and fat oxidation in severe obesity and type 2 diabetes The Journal of Clinical Investigation 102 7 1345 51 doi 10 1172 JCI4115 PMC 508981 PMID 9769326 Dalgaard LT Sorensen TI Drivsholm T Borch Johnsen K Andersen T Hansen T Pedersen O March 2001 A prevalent polymorphism in the promoter of the UCP3 gene and its relationship to body mass index and long term body weight change in the Danish population The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 86 3 1398 402 doi 10 1210 jcem 86 3 7301 PMID 11238538 Braun N Klumpp D Hennenlotter J Bedke J Duranton C Bleif M Huber SM August 2015 UCP 3 uncoupling protein confers hypoxia resistance to renal epithelial cells and is upregulated in renal cell carcinoma Scientific Reports 5 13450 Bibcode 2015NatSR 513450B doi 10 1038 srep13450 PMC 4548255 PMID 26304588 Lapice E Monticelli A Cocozza S Pinelli M Giacco A Rivellese AA Cocozza S Riccardi G Vaccaro O June 2014 The energy intake modulates the association of the 55CT polymorphism of UCP3 with body weight in type 2 diabetic patients International Journal of Obesity 38 6 873 7 doi 10 1038 ijo 2013 174 PMID 24026107 S2CID 205154594 Pierrat B Ito M Hinz W Simonen M Erdmann D Chiesi M Heim J May 2000 Uncoupling proteins 2 and 3 interact with members of the 14 3 3 family European Journal of Biochemistry 267 9 2680 7 doi 10 1046 j 1432 1327 2000 01285 x PMID 10785390 Further reading editHilse KE Rupprecht A Egerbacher M Bardakji S Zimmermann L Wulczyn AE Pohl EE 22 June 2018 The Expression of Uncoupling Protein 3 Coincides With the Fatty Acid Oxidation Type of Metabolism in Adult Murine Heart Frontiers in Physiology 9 747 doi 10 3389 fphys 2018 00747 PMC 6024016 PMID 29988383 Macher G Koehler M Rupprecht A Kreiter J Hinterdorfer P Pohl EE March 2018 Inhibition of mitochondrial UCP1 and UCP3 by purine nucleotides and phosphate Biochimica et Biophysica Acta BBA Biomembranes 1860 3 664 672 doi 10 1016 j bbamem 2017 12 001 PMC 6118327 PMID 29212043 Hilse KE Kalinovich AV Rupprecht A Smorodchenko A Zeitz U Staniek K Erben RG Pohl EE January 2016 The expression of UCP3 directly correlates to UCP1 abundance in brown adipose tissue Biochimica et Biophysica Acta BBA Bioenergetics 1857 1 72 78 doi 10 1016 j bbabio 2015 10 011 PMC 7115856 PMID 26518386 Muzzin P April 2002 The uncoupling proteins Annales d Endocrinologie 63 2 Pt 1 106 10 PMID 11994670 Boss O Samec S Paoloni Giacobino A Rossier C Dulloo A Seydoux J Muzzin P Giacobino JP May 1997 Uncoupling protein 3 a new member of the mitochondrial carrier family with tissue specific expression FEBS Letters 408 1 39 42 doi 10 1016 S0014 5793 97 00384 0 PMID 9180264 S2CID 33808140 Gong DW He Y Karas M Reitman M September 1997 Uncoupling protein 3 is a mediator of thermogenesis regulated by thyroid hormone beta3 adrenergic agonists and leptin The Journal of Biological Chemistry 272 39 24129 32 doi 10 1074 jbc 272 39 24129 PMID 9305858 Solanes G Vidal Puig A Grujic D Flier JS Lowell BB October 1997 The human uncoupling protein 3 gene Genomic structure chromosomal localization and genetic basis for short and long form transcripts The Journal of Biological Chemistry 272 41 25433 6 doi 10 1074 jbc 272 41 25433 PMID 9325252 Urhammer SA Dalgaard LT Sorensen TI Tybjaerg Hansen A Echwald SM Andersen T Clausen JO Pedersen O February 1998 Organisation of the coding exons and mutational screening of the uncoupling protein 3 gene in subjects with juvenile onset obesity Diabetologia 41 2 241 4 doi 10 1007 s001250050897 PMID 9498661 Argyropoulos G Brown AM Willi SM Zhu J He Y Reitman M Gevao SM Spruill I Garvey WT October 1998 Effects of mutations in the human uncoupling protein 3 gene on the respiratory quotient and fat oxidation in severe obesity and type 2 diabetes The Journal of Clinical Investigation 102 7 1345 51 doi 10 1172 JCI4115 PMC 508981 PMID 9769326 Acin A Rodriguez M Rique H Canet E Boutin JA Galizzi JP May 1999 Cloning and characterization of the 5 flanking region of the human uncoupling protein 3 UCP3 gene Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 258 2 278 83 doi 10 1006 bbrc 1999 0530 PMID 10329378 Vidal Puig AJ Grujic D Zhang CY Hagen T Boss O Ido Y Szczepanik A Wade J Mootha V Cortright R Muoio DM Lowell BB May 2000 Energy metabolism in uncoupling protein 3 gene knockout mice The Journal of Biological Chemistry 275 21 16258 66 doi 10 1074 jbc M910179199 PMID 10748196 Jezek P Urbankova E January 2000 Specific sequence of motifs of mitochondrial uncoupling proteins IUBMB Life 49 1 63 70 doi 10 1080 713803586 PMID 10772343 S2CID 8541209 Pierrat B Ito M Hinz W Simonen M Erdmann D Chiesi M Heim J May 2000 Uncoupling proteins 2 and 3 interact with members of the 14 3 3 family European Journal of Biochemistry 267 9 2680 7 doi 10 1046 j 1432 1327 2000 01285 x PMID 10785390 Clapham JC Arch JR Chapman H Haynes A Lister C Moore GB Piercy V Carter SA Lehner I Smith SA Beeley LJ Godden RJ Herrity N Skehel M Changani KK Hockings PD Reid DG Squires SM Hatcher J Trail B Latcham J Rastan S Harper AJ Cadenas S Buckingham JA Brand MD Abuin A July 2000 Mice overexpressing human uncoupling protein 3 in skeletal muscle are hyperphagic and lean Nature 406 6794 415 8 Bibcode 2000Natur 406 415C doi 10 1038 35019082 PMID 10935638 S2CID 4397638 Esterbauer H Oberkofler H Krempler F Strosberg AD Patsch W November 2000 The uncoupling protein 3 gene is transcribed from tissue specific promoters in humans but not in rodents The Journal of Biological Chemistry 275 46 36394 9 doi 10 1074 jbc M005713200 PMID 10958796 Lanouette CM Chagnon YC Rice T Perusse L Muzzin P Giacobino JP Gagnon J Wilmore JH Leon AS Skinner JS Rao DC Bouchard C March 2002 Uncoupling protein 3 gene is associated with body composition changes with training in HERITAGE study Journal of Applied Physiology 92 3 1111 8 doi 10 1152 japplphysiol 00726 2001 PMID 11842047 Collins P Bing C McCulloch P Williams G February 2002 Muscle UCP 3 mRNA levels are elevated in weight loss associated with gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma in humans British Journal of Cancer 86 3 372 5 doi 10 1038 sj bjc 6600074 PMC 2375209 PMID 11875702 Hu X Murphy F Karwautz A Li T Freeman B Franklin D Giotakis O Treasure J Collier DA 2002 Analysis of microsatellite markers at the UCP2 UCP3 locus on chromosome 11q13 in anorexia nervosa Molecular Psychiatry 7 3 276 7 doi 10 1038 sj mp 4001044 PMID 11920154 S2CID 9405576 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title UCP3 amp oldid 1193554032, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
