The 12th Five-Year Plan of China, officially the 12th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China, was a set of economic goals designed to strengthen the Chinese economy between 2011 and 2015. It was drafted during the fifth plenum of the 17th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) held in October 2010.
The goals of the plan included addressing rising inequality and creating an environment for more sustainable growth by prioritizing more equitable wealth distribution, increased domestic consumption, and improved social infrastructure and social safety nets.[1] Improvements in the social safety net were intended to reduce precautionary saving.[2]: 197 The plan sought to expand the services industry in order to increase employment and continue urbanization to help raise real wages.[2]: 186–197
The plan is representative of China's efforts to rebalance its economy, shifting emphasis from investment towards consumption[2]: 196–197 and development from urban and coastal areas toward rural and inland areas – initially by developing small cities and greenfield districts to absorb coastal migration. The plan also continues to advocate objectives set out in the Eleventh Five-Year Plan to enhance environmental protection, accelerate the process of opening and reform, and emphasize Hong Kong's role as a center of international finance.[1][3][4]
Early in the Twelfth Year Plan period, Chinese policymakers concluded that the China had achieved energy intensity targets set by the Eleventh Five-Year Plan.[5]: 54 China had also emerged as a world leader in renewable energy technology.[5]: 54 The Twelfth Five-Year Plan targeted the use of non-fossil fuel energy sources to 11.4% of energy use over 2011–2015.[6]: 28 The Plan also provided for the development of an ultra-high-voltage (UHV) transmission corridor to increase the integration of renewable energy from the point of generation to its point of consumption.[6]: 39–41 Additionally, the Plan called for gradual implementation of a national carbon trading market in China.[5]: 55 To facilitate carbon trading and to more broadly help assess emissions targets and meet the transparency requirements of the Paris Agreement, the Plan improved the system for greenhouse gas emissions monitoring.[5]: 55 This was the first time that carbon emissions trading had featured in one of China's Five-Year Plans.[7]: 80
Resultsedit
By 2015, China had achieved the energy intensity targets set by the Twelfth Five-Year Plan for hydro power, wind power, solar power, carbon intensity, energy intensity, and non-fossil share of primary energy.[5]: 56
^"China's 12th Five-Year Plan signifies a new phase in growth". Xinhua. 27 October 2010. Retrieved 22 December 2010.
^Zhang Jingya, ed. (28 October 2010). . CNTV. Archived from the original on 1 November 2010. Retrieved 22 December 2010.
^ abcdeLewis, Joanna I. (2020). "China's Low-Carbon Energy Strategy". In Esarey, Ashley; Haddad, Mary Alice; Lewis, Joanna I.; Harrell, Stevan (eds.). Greening East Asia: The Rise of the Eco-Developmental State. Seattle: University of Washington Press. ISBN978-0-295-74791-0. JSTOR j.ctv19rs1b2.
^ abLewis, Joanna I. (2023). Cooperating for the Climate: Learning from International Partnerships in China's Clean Energy Sector. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press. ISBN978-0-262-54482-5.
^Ding, Iza (2020). "Pollution Emissions Trading in China". In Esarey, Ashley; Haddad, Mary Alice; Lewis, Joanna I.; Harrell, Stevan (eds.). Greening East Asia: The Rise of the Eco-Developmental State. Seattle: University of Washington Press. ISBN978-0-295-74791-0. JSTOR j.ctv19rs1b2.
twelfth, five, year, plan, 12th, five, year, plan, china, officially, 12th, five, year, plan, economic, social, development, people, republic, china, economic, goals, designed, strengthen, chinese, economy, between, 2011, 2015, drafted, during, fifth, plenum, . The 12th Five Year Plan of China officially the 12th Five Year Plan for Economic and Social Development of the People s Republic of China was a set of economic goals designed to strengthen the Chinese economy between 2011 and 2015 It was drafted during the fifth plenum of the 17th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party CCP held in October 2010 12th Five Year PlanSimplified Chinese十二五规划Traditional Chinese十二五規劃TranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu PinyinShi erwǔ Guihua12th Five Year Plan for Economic and Social Development of the People s Republic of ChinaSimplified Chinese中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十二个五年规划纲要Traditional Chinese中華人民共和國國民經濟社會發展第十二個五年規劃綱要TranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu PinyinZhōnghua Renmin Gongheguo Guomin Jingji he Shehui Fazhǎn di Shi er ge Wǔ Nian Guihua GangyaoContents 1 Drafting 2 Goals 3 Results 4 See also 5 ReferencesDrafting editThe Twelfth Five Year Guideline was debated in mid October 2010 at the fifth plenum of the 17th Central Committee the same session in which Xi Jinping was selected as Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission A full proposal for the plan was released following the plenum and approved by the National People s Congress NPC on 14 March 2011 1 Goals editThe goals of the plan included addressing rising inequality and creating an environment for more sustainable growth by prioritizing more equitable wealth distribution increased domestic consumption and improved social infrastructure and social safety nets 1 Improvements in the social safety net were intended to reduce precautionary saving 2 197 The plan sought to expand the services industry in order to increase employment and continue urbanization to help raise real wages 2 186 197 The plan is representative of China s efforts to rebalance its economy shifting emphasis from investment towards consumption 2 196 197 and development from urban and coastal areas toward rural and inland areas initially by developing small cities and greenfield districts to absorb coastal migration The plan also continues to advocate objectives set out in the Eleventh Five Year Plan to enhance environmental protection accelerate the process of opening and reform and emphasize Hong Kong s role as a center of international finance 1 3 4 Early in the Twelfth Year Plan period Chinese policymakers concluded that the China had achieved energy intensity targets set by the Eleventh Five Year Plan 5 54 China had also emerged as a world leader in renewable energy technology 5 54 The Twelfth Five Year Plan targeted the use of non fossil fuel energy sources to 11 4 of energy use over 2011 2015 6 28 The Plan also provided for the development of an ultra high voltage UHV transmission corridor to increase the integration of renewable energy from the point of generation to its point of consumption 6 39 41 Additionally the Plan called for gradual implementation of a national carbon trading market in China 5 55 To facilitate carbon trading and to more broadly help assess emissions targets and meet the transparency requirements of the Paris Agreement the Plan improved the system for greenhouse gas emissions monitoring 5 55 This was the first time that carbon emissions trading had featured in one of China s Five Year Plans 7 80 Results editBy 2015 China had achieved the energy intensity targets set by the Twelfth Five Year Plan for hydro power wind power solar power carbon intensity energy intensity and non fossil share of primary energy 5 56 See also editArchives of YuhuanReferences edit a b c CPC sets targets for 12th Five Year Program Xinhua 27 October 2010 Retrieved 22 December 2010 a b c Roach Stephen S 2022 Accidental Conflict America China and the Clash of False Narratives New Haven Yale University Press ISBN 978 0 300 26901 7 OCLC 1347023475 China s 12th Five Year Plan signifies a new phase in growth Xinhua 27 October 2010 Retrieved 22 December 2010 Zhang Jingya ed 28 October 2010 China unveils 12th Five Year Plan CNTV Archived from the original on 1 November 2010 Retrieved 22 December 2010 a b c d e Lewis Joanna I 2020 China s Low Carbon Energy Strategy In Esarey Ashley Haddad Mary Alice Lewis Joanna I Harrell Stevan eds Greening East Asia The Rise of the Eco Developmental State Seattle University of Washington Press ISBN 978 0 295 74791 0 JSTOR j ctv19rs1b2 a b Lewis Joanna I 2023 Cooperating for the Climate Learning from International Partnerships in China s Clean Energy Sector Cambridge Massachusetts The MIT Press ISBN 978 0 262 54482 5 Ding Iza 2020 Pollution Emissions Trading in China In Esarey Ashley Haddad Mary Alice Lewis Joanna I Harrell Stevan eds Greening East Asia The Rise of the Eco Developmental State Seattle University of Washington Press ISBN 978 0 295 74791 0 JSTOR j ctv19rs1b2 Preceded by11th Plan2006 2010 12th Five Year Plan2011 2015 Succeeded by13th Plan2016 2020 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Twelfth five year plan amp oldid 1214553174, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
