2014 Tunisian parliamentary election

Parliamentary elections were held in Tunisia on 26 October 2014.^[1] Campaigning started on 4 October 2014.^[2] They were the first free regular legislative elections since independence in 1956, and the first elections held following the adoption of the new constitution in January 2014, which created a 217-seat Assembly of the Representatives of the People.^[3] According to preliminary results, Nidaa Tounes gained a plurality of votes, winning 85 seats in the 217-seat parliament, beating the Ennahda Movement (69 seats) and many smaller parties.

2014 Tunisian parliamentary election

← 2011 26 October 2014 (2014-10-26) 2019 →
All 217 seats to the Assembly of the Representatives of the People 109 seats needed for a majority
Turnout	67.7%
First party Second party Third party   Leader Béji Caïd Essebsi Rached Ghannouchi Slim Riahi Party Nidaa Tounes Ennahda UPL Last election – 37.04%, 89 seats 1.26%, 1 seat Seats won 86 69 16 Seat change New 20 15 Popular vote 1,279,941 947,238 140,873 Percentage 37.56% 27.80% 4.13%   Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party   Leader Hamma Hammami Yassine Brahim Imed Daimi Party Popular Front Afek Tounes CPR Last election – 1.89%, 4 seats 8.71%, 29 seats Seats won 15 8 4 Seat change New 4 25 Popular vote 124,039 102,915 69,894 Percentage 3.64% 3.02% 2.05%
Map showing the plurality of votes of the parties in each Tunisian governorate. Red voted for Nidaa Tounes and Blue voted for Ennahdha.
Prime Minister before election Mehdi Jomaa Independent Prime Minister-designate Habib Essid Independent

Presidential elections were held a month later on 23 November.^[4]

Electoral system

The 217 members of the Assembly of the Representatives of the People were elected in 33 constituencies. There were 27 multi-member constituencies in Tunisia varying in size from four to ten seats and electing a total of 199. There were also six overseas constituencies electing a total of 18 seats: two constituencies in France electing five seats each, one three-seat constituency in Italy, a single-member constituency in Germany, a two-member constituency covering the rest of Europe and the Americas, and a two-member constituency covering the Arab world and the rest of the world. Seats were elected by party-list proportional representation, using the largest remainder method.^[5]

Opinion polls

Poll results are listed in the table below in chronological order, showing the most recent polls last.

Poll list
Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size	Undecided	Aridha/ al-Mahaba	CPR	Ennahda	Ettakatol	PT/FP	PDP/PR	Nidaa Tounes	Other
2011 election	Oct 23, 2011	51.97% turnout	–	6.74%	8.71%	37.04%	7.03%	1.57%	3.94%	–	34.97%
I Watch^[6]	Dec 2011	15,000	–	6%	25%	52%	–	–	–	–	–
I Watch^[7]	Jan 9–14, 2012	15,000	–	5%	22%	56%	8%	–	9%	–	–
I Watch^[8]	Feb 2012	15,000	–	–	22%	52%	9%	–	11%	–	–
SIGMA^[9]	Feb 28 – Mar 2, 2012	1002	49.1%	1.3%	9.1%	28.2%	5.2%	1.0%	2.2%	–	4.0%
I Watch^[10]^[11]	Mar 2012	16,181	–	5th	22%	51%	4th	–	3rd	–	–
FSSA^[12]	May 2012	2,430	45%	4.1%	4.3%	29.0%	–	–	–	–	–
SIGMA^[13]	May 2012	1000	–	–	6.2%	37.5%	7.5%	–	–	–	–
I Watch^[11]	Apr 2012	15,000	–	9%	20%	48%	10%	–	13%	–	–
Amilkar News^[14]	Jun 2012	?	–	?	?	13%	?	8%	13%	50%	16%
Emrhod^[15]^[16]	Jun 18–22, 2012	960	41.6%	1.5%	7.9%	25.5%	4.0%	2.6%	4.2%	5.2%	7.5%
3C Etudes^[17]	Sep 2012	?	?	5.4%	6.5%	30.4%	4.1%	5.6%	7.6%	20.8%	?
FSSA^[18]	Aug 29 – Sep 7, 2012	1280	55.2%	1.4%	2.1%	22.3%	1.7%	4.6%	1.8%	7.9%	?
IRI^[19]	Oct 2012	?	41%	–	6%	27%	6%	3%	–	6%	11%
3C Etudes^[20]	Oct 2012	1665	?	5.6%	5.0%	30.9%	3.4%	5.6%	5.8%	28.1%	?
SIGMA^[21]	Nov 2012	?	?	3.4%	12.4%	36.1%	4.1%	5.3%	2.2%	29.1%	?
3C Etudes^[22]	Nov 2012	1648	?	4.7%	4.6%	31.4%	3.8%	6.9%	5.4%	29.6%	?
Emrhod^[23]^[24]	Dec 2012	1200	?	2.5%	3.8%	20.4%	1.8%	5.3%	0.7%	15.8%	?
SIGMA^[25]	Dec 18–21, 2012	1892	?	0.7%	6.8%	41.4%	1.9%	7.8%	3.1%	36.0%	2.3%
3C Etudes^[26]	Dec 2012	1692	?	5.1%	4.7%	33.9%	3.4%	9.4%	6%	28.4%	9.3%
3C Etudes^[27]	Jan 2013	1652	?	3.5%	3.5%	33.0%	2.9%	7.9%	5.6%	33.1%	10.5%
SIGMA^[28]^[29]	Feb 2013	1715	?	1.5%	3.5%	37.7%	1.7%	13.3%	3.1%	34.6%	4.4%
3C Etudes^[30]	Feb 2013	1347	?	5.9%	3.1%	29.4%	2.3%	12.2%	7.1%	29.8%	?
Emrhod^[31]	Feb 2013	1060	22.9% (none) 16.8% (und.)	1.9%	2.4%	19.5%	1.0%	7.5%	2.4%	18.7%	6.9%
3C Etudes^[32]	Mar 2013	1609	38.5%	6.5%	1.7%	30.9%	1.5%	9.2%	6.4%	28.7%	?
Emrhod^[33]	Mar 2013	1065	26.2% (none) 8.5% (und.)	2.1%	1.2%	20.0%	1.2%	7.7%	3.5%	23.5%	?
3C Etudes^[34]	Apr 2013	1695	44%	5.7%	2.1%	30.1%	1.4%	11%	5.8%	32.3%	?
FSSA^[35]^[36]	Apr 2013	1210	11.7% (none) 35% (und.)	2.6%	1.5%	21.3%	1.3%	5.0%	2.2%	17.5%	?
Emrhod^[37]	Apr 2013	?	25.5% (none) 13.5% (und.)	1.8%	2.2%	16.4%	2.0%	5.4%	2.9%	21.2%	?
SIGMA^[38]	May, 2013	?	?	?	2.2%	32.6%	2.4%	8.9%	4.1%	44.7%	?
3C Etudes^[39]	May 2013	1695	?	4.7%	2.1%	29.4%	1.8%	11.6%	5.4%	33.8%	?
Sigma^[40]	May 2013	2777	?	0.5%	1.1%	17.3%	1.2%	4.5%	2.1%	22.6%	?
Emrhod^[41]	May 2013	1600	?	3.5%	2%	14%	1.7%	8%	2.1%	20.4%	?
Istis^[42]	June 2013	?	?	?	2.1%	34%	1%	8.1%	1%	32.7%	17%
Emrhod^[43]	June 2013	1067	15.1% (don't know) 17.9% (none) 35.1% (und.)	?	2.1%	19.4%	1.8%	7%	2%	36.6%	?
3C Etudes^[44]	July 2013	944	43%	5.6%	1.9%	29.7%	1.3%	10.2%	4.2%	33.6%	?
Sigma^[45]	Aug 2013	1724	55%	1.3%	2.5%	33.7%	2.0%	9.4%	3.1%	42.3%	5.7%
3C Etudes^[46]	Aug 2013	1249	43%	5.2%	?	30.6%	?	9.7%	3.5%	33.9%	?
Emrhod^[47]	Sep 2013	?	?	?	2.0%	18.4%	3.4%	4.6%	1.4%	24.4%	?
Sigma^[48]	Oct 2013	?	49.6%	1.9%	2.9%	31.2%	2.5%	11.9%	1.5%	42.5%	?
3C Etudes^[49]	Oct 2013	1318	39.3%	5.2%	?	30.4%	?	10.3%	3.9%	30.1%	?
Emrhod^[50]	Nov 2013	1900	?	?	?	18.0%	?	6.3%	?	27.6%	?
3C Etudes^[51]	Nov 2013	1658	?	3.5%	?	31.4%	?	10.6%	2.1%	29.1%	?
Sigma^[52]	Dec 2013	?	48.1%	2.4%	3.4%	28.6%	1.6%	6.3%	4.5%	40.0%	?
3C Etudes^[53]	Dec 2013	1681	?	2.2%	?	31.6%	?	10.0%	3.8%	27.2%	?
Emrhod^[54]	Jan 2014	?	?	?	?	16.4%	?	5.3%	1.8%	23.3%	?
Sigma^[55]^[56]	Jan 2014	11362	54.4%	1.3%	2.4%	34.6%	3.6%	7.1%	1.3%	41.6%	?
Emrhod^[57]	Feb 2014	1200	?	2.2%	2.1%	18.4%	1.9%	6.4%	1.4%	20.6%	?
Sigma^[58]	Feb 2014	1517	?	?	2.8%	33.1%	1.5%	3.8%	2.4%	52.3%	?
Emrhod^[59]	Mar 2014	1051	?	1.6%	2.4%	20.9%	2.4%	7.4%	2.4%	25.7%	?
Sigma^[60]^[61]	Apr 2014	1636	62.9% (und. + abstain)	0.8%	2.6%	35.4%	1.8%	5.1%	1.6%	46.8%	4.9%
Sigma^[62]	May 2014	1013	?	1.0%	1.0%	28.7%	3.1%	5.1%	2.3%	50.5%	?
Sigma^[63]	May 2014 (II)	?	?	2.5	2.6%	24.0%	3.9%	6.2%	2.3%	41.3%	?
Emrhod^[64]	Jun 2014	?	?	?	?	14.0%	4.7%	3.9%	2.9%	17.1%	?
Sigma^[65]^[66]	Jun/Jul 2014	?	?	?	3.1%	21.7%	3.5%	7.3%	3.2%	45.1%	?
Source	Date	Sample size	Undecided	al-Mahaba	CPR	Ennahda	Ettakatol	FP	PR	Nidaa	Other

Results

According to the final results released by the Independent High Authority for Elections,^[67] Nidaa Tounes took the lead in the election, winning 86 seats in the 217-seat parliament. Ennahda Movement came second with 69 seats losing 16 seats compared to 2011 elections. The biggest losers were CPR of Moncef Marzouki and Democratic Forum for Labour and Liberties who were members of a coalition government formed with Ennahda Movement following 2011 elections, and opposition party Current of Love (formerly Aridha Chaabia). On the other hand, there was a noticeable emergence of smaller parties like the UPL of businessman Slim Riahi with 16 seats, Popular Front with 15 seats and Afek Tounes with 8 seats.

Initially, the Elections Authority decided to sanction Nidaa Tounes in Kasserine electoral district by withdrawing one seat following reported irregularities conducted by partisans.^[68] However, the decision was overturned by the administrative court after an appeal by Nidaa Tounes. The ruling took away the only seat obtained by Democratic Forum for Labour and Liberties leaving the party with no presence in parliament.^[69]

 

Results of the Tunisian parliamentary election 2014 by district.

Party		Votes	%	Seats	+/–
	Nidaa Tounes	1,279,941	37.56	86	New
	Ennahda Movement	947,238	27.80	69	−20
	Free Patriotic Union	140,873	4.13	16	+15
	Popular Front	124,039	3.64	15	+11
	Afek Tounes	102,915	3.02	8	+5
	Congress for the Republic	69,894	2.05	4	−25
	Democratic Current	66,396	1.95	3	New
	Republican Party	54,562	1.60	1	−15
	People's Movement	45,839	1.35	3	+1
	National Destourian Initiative	45,597	1.34	3	−2
	Current of Love	40,437	1.19	2	−24
	Democratic Alliance Party	38,493	1.13	1	New
	Union for Tunisia	25,102	0.74	0	New
	Democratic Forum for Labour and Liberties	22,956	0.67	0	–20
	Wafa Movement	21,392	0.63	0	New
	Destourian Movement Party	11,403	0.33	0	New
	Socialist Party	7,851	0.23	0	New
	Safety Party	7,850	0.23	0	New
	Party of the Voice of the Tunisian People	7,849	0.23	0	New
	Tunisian Movement Party	7,185	0.21	0	New
	Movement of Socialist Democrats	7,080	0.21	0	–2
	Party of Glory	6,258	0.18	0	New
	National Front for Salvation	5,710	0.17	1	New
	List of the Rehabilitation	5,589	0.16	1	New
	Tunisian National Front Party	5,500	0.16	0	New
	Party of Tomorrow	5,310	0.16	0	New
	For the Glory of el-Djerid	5,111	0.15	1	New
	Popular Petition Party	5,023	0.15	0	New
	National Construction Party	4,996	0.15	0	New
	People Want Party	4,802	0.14	0	New
	Tunisian Democratic Youth Federation	4,636	0.14	0	New
	Reform and Development Party	4,400	0.13	0	New
	Unity Party	4,026	0.12	0	New
	Tunisia for All Party	3,995	0.12	0	New
	Social Democratic Path	3,942	0.12	1	New
	Mighty Tunisia	3,838	0.11	0	New
	Tunisian Labour Party	3,837	0.11	0	New
	Carthage's Call Party	3,771	0.11	0	New
	Fulfilling the Project of the Martyr	3,618	0.11	0	New
	Independent Departure Party	3,526	0.10	0	New
	Farmers' Voice Party	3,515	0.10	1	New
	Other parties	241,572	7.09	1	–
Total		3,407,867	100.00	217	0
Registered voters/turnout		5,285,136	–
Source: CLEA (results) National Democratic Institute (electorate) European Parliament

Reactions

Domestic

Ennahda's Lotfi Zitoun said the party had "accepted this result and congratulate[s] the winner."^[70]

International

The result was hailed internationally^[71] for its democratic viability as the only one of the major Arab Spring uprisings, including Libya and Egypt, that is not convulsed by instability and turmoil.

In the United States, President Barack Obama hailed the free, fair and non-violent elections as a "milestone," while Secretary of State John Kerry said it was an example of "why Tunisia remains a beacon of hope, not only to the Tunisian people, but to the region and the world."^[72]

Other

Comparisons were also drawn to holding Tunisia as a model for Lebanon amidst its own turmoil.^[73]

Government formation

With Nidaa Tounes having won a plurality it had the right to name a prime minister and form a government in coalition. Beji Caid Essebsi said it was too early to talk of a coalition government – including one with Ennahda. Instead he said the 2014 Tunisian presidential election will give direction to the formation of a new government.^[71]

On 5 January 2015, Nidaa Tounes nominated independent Habib Essid as Prime Minister and asked him to form a new government. He was chosen over former trade unionist Taieb Baccouche "because he is independent and has experience in the areas of security and the economy," said the speaker of Congress, Mohamed Ennaceur. The nomination of a politician who had served under former autocratic president Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali however was widely criticized. Popular Front leader Hamma Hammami stated that with Essid as prime minister, "the real power" would rather be in the presidential palace.^[74]

On 23 January 2015, Essid surprisingly presented a minority cabinet including 10 ministers from Nidaa Tounes and three from the liberal Free Patriotic Union, after the other liberal power Afek Tounes was said to have abruptly pulled out of the coalition. Without Afek Tounes, the two parties could, however, only count on 102 of the 217 seats.^[75] Both Ennahda and the Popular Front announced to vote against the proposed government.^[76]

On 4 February 2015, Essid proposed a unity government consisting of independent politicians, ministers of Nidaa Tounes, the two liberal parties UPL and Afek Tounes, and a minister of the Islamist Ennahda.^[77] The next day, Essid's new proposal found a strong majority in the Assembly of the Representatives of the People, when 166 of the 217 legislators approved his new government.^[78]

The government lasted until new elections were held in October 2019; a new government formed in February 2020.

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