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Tsuruhime (鶴姫) or Ōhōri Tsuruhime (大祝鶴姫, 1526–1543) was a Sengoku period female warrior (Onna-musha). She was the daughter of Ōhōri Yasumochi, a chief priest of Ōyamazumi Shrine on the island of Ōmishima in Iyo Province. She went to battle several times, and her claim to divine inspiration coupled with fighting skills has led to her being compared with Joan of Arc.[2][3][4] Tsuruhime's legacy established her as one of the most recognizable female warriors in Japanese history.[2]
Ōhōri Tsuruhime was born in 1526.[2] She was the third daughter of Ōhōri Yasumochi, chief priest (Kannushi) of the Ōyamazumi Shrine, on the island of Ōmishima, north of Iyo province and about 30 miles southeast of Hiroshima.[2] The island is in the Seto Inland Sea of Japan (Setouchi). The Shinto shrine was founded in 594 and is dedicated to Ōyamatsumi, the older brother of the Japanese sun goddess Amaterasu, the god of mountains, seas and wars. The temple was a place of pilgrimage for samurai, who left weapons and armor as a sacrifice.[5] It gradually became a museum of weaponry.
At that time the island was under threat from the growing power of Ōuchi Yoshitaka (1507-1551) from Yamaguchi on the mainland of Honshu. Yoshitaka owned the regions of Kyushu and Chūgoku. In 1534, a war broke out between the Ōuchi clan and the Kōno clan (野氏) from Shikoku, which owned the Ōyamatsumi Temple.[2] Tsuruhime's two elder brothers were killed during a conflict.[2] In 1541, when Tsuruhime was 15 years old her father died of illness, and she inherited the position of chief priest.[2] She had been trained since childhood in the martial arts, and when the Ōuchi made further attacks against Ōmishima, she led an armed resistance to defend the island.[2] She proclaimed herself the avatar of Myojin of Mishima (三島 明 神), a powerful kami shrine.[2][6] She led an army into battle and drove the Ōuchi samurai back into the sea when they raided Ōmishima in 1541.[2]
Four months later the invaders returned. Tsuruhime led troops with a surprise counterattack on the enemy ships.[2] While an Ōuchi general, Ohara Takakoto, was being entertained on his flagship, he came under attack by Tsuruhime in a raid.[2] She successfully boarded general Takakoto's ship and summoned him to a duel.[2] According to another version, Tsuruhime secretly climbed onto the ship where the Ouchi samurai were feasting.[7] At first Takakoto mocked her presumption, but Tsuruhime won the duel and killed Takakoto. One account states that "Takatoto's disrespectful words to Tsuruhime were sharp, but not as sharp as the sword with which she stabbed him in return."[5] This was followed by a deluge of hōrokubiya (焙烙火矢; spherical exploding bombs) from Tsuruhime's allies to destroy many ships, which drove the Ōuchi fleet away.[2] In 1543, when Tsuruhime was seventeen, she rejoined battling the Ōuchi. Sue Harukata's fleet defeated the Kono clan's troops. Tsuruhime was overcome with grief after hearing that her fiancé, Yasunari Ochi[1] (born in 1522), had been killed in action. Tsuruhime set up an ambush, in which she defeated Ouchi's army. According to legend, she committed suicide by drowning due to grief for her beloved. Her last words were:
"As Mishima's ocean as my witness, my love shall be engraved with my name."
Though she is romanticized to have died when she was young, there are no known contemporary records that confirm it.
Legacy
The Dō-maru armor kept in Ōyamazumi Shrine is considered the armor worn by Tsuruhime in battle.[2] In 1959, the armor was included in the Lists of National Treasures of Japan. The Shrine holds festivals and processions in honor of Tsuruhime. The procession is led by a woman dressed in a Tsuruhime costume. Kyōtei boat races are held and many people attend the celebrations.[7][4]
Tsuruhime became more famous among the general public by the 1966 book Sea, Woman & Armor - Jeanne d'Arc of Setouchi (海と女と鎧―瀬戸内のジャンヌ・ダルク), written by the author Mishima Yasukiyo (三島 安精).
^ ab"Mishima Navy Tsuruhime Festival". Japan Travel And Tourism Association. 2019. Retrieved 2019-07-08.
^ abChordas, Peter (2019). . The Inland Sea, Setouchi Tourism Authority. Archived from the original on July 8, 2019. Retrieved 2019-07-08.
^Haubner, Johannes (2014). Die Macht des Bogens: Japanische Bogenschützen im Spiegel alter Holzschnitte. Verlag Angelika Hörnig. p. 130. ISBN978-3938921340.
^ abChin, Sarah (2015-11-03). . Tufts Observer. Archived from the original on January 16, 2021. Retrieved 2019-07-08.
February 22, 2023
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This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in Japanese October 2019 Click show for important translation instructions View a machine translated version of the Japanese article Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 3 322 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Japanese Wikipedia article at ja 鶴姫 大三島 see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated ja 鶴姫 大三島 to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation In this Japanese name the surname is Ōhōri Tsuruhime 鶴姫 or Ōhōri Tsuruhime 大祝鶴姫 1526 1543 was a Sengoku period female warrior Onna musha She was the daughter of Ōhōri Yasumochi a chief priest of Ōyamazumi Shrine on the island of Ōmishima in Iyo Province She went to battle several times and her claim to divine inspiration coupled with fighting skills has led to her being compared with Joan of Arc 2 3 4 Tsuruhime s legacy established her as one of the most recognizable female warriors in Japanese history 2 Ōhōri Tsuruhime大祝鶴姫BornŌhōri Tsuruhime 大祝鶴姫 1526 Iyo ProvinceDied1543 Iyo ProvinceEdo Castle Musashi JapanResting placeBunkyō TokyoKnown forTsuruhime DensetsuPartnerYasunari Ochi fiance 1 ParentŌhōri Yasumochi father RelativesKono clan Contents 1 Life 2 Legacy 3 See also 4 ReferencesLife Edit Ōyamazumi Shrine on the island Ōmishima Ōhōri Tsuruhime was born in 1526 2 She was the third daughter of Ōhōri Yasumochi chief priest Kannushi of the Ōyamazumi Shrine on the island of Ōmishima north of Iyo province and about 30 miles southeast of Hiroshima 2 The island is in the Seto Inland Sea of Japan Setouchi The Shinto shrine was founded in 594 and is dedicated to Ōyamatsumi the older brother of the Japanese sun goddess Amaterasu the god of mountains seas and wars The temple was a place of pilgrimage for samurai who left weapons and armor as a sacrifice 5 It gradually became a museum of weaponry At that time the island was under threat from the growing power of Ōuchi Yoshitaka 1507 1551 from Yamaguchi on the mainland of Honshu Yoshitaka owned the regions of Kyushu and Chugoku In 1534 a war broke out between the Ōuchi clan and the Kōno clan 野氏 from Shikoku which owned the Ōyamatsumi Temple 2 Tsuruhime s two elder brothers were killed during a conflict 2 In 1541 when Tsuruhime was 15 years old her father died of illness and she inherited the position of chief priest 2 She had been trained since childhood in the martial arts and when the Ōuchi made further attacks against Ōmishima she led an armed resistance to defend the island 2 She proclaimed herself the avatar of Myojin of Mishima 三島 明 神 a powerful kami shrine 2 6 She led an army into battle and drove the Ōuchi samurai back into the sea when they raided Ōmishima in 1541 2 Four months later the invaders returned Tsuruhime led troops with a surprise counterattack on the enemy ships 2 While an Ōuchi general Ohara Takakoto was being entertained on his flagship he came under attack by Tsuruhime in a raid 2 She successfully boarded general Takakoto s ship and summoned him to a duel 2 According to another version Tsuruhime secretly climbed onto the ship where the Ouchi samurai were feasting 7 At first Takakoto mocked her presumption but Tsuruhime won the duel and killed Takakoto One account states that Takatoto s disrespectful words to Tsuruhime were sharp but not as sharp as the sword with which she stabbed him in return 5 This was followed by a deluge of hōrokubiya 焙烙火矢 spherical exploding bombs from Tsuruhime s allies to destroy many ships which drove the Ōuchi fleet away 2 In 1543 when Tsuruhime was seventeen she rejoined battling the Ōuchi Sue Harukata s fleet defeated the Kono clan s troops Tsuruhime was overcome with grief after hearing that her fiance Yasunari Ochi 1 born in 1522 had been killed in action Tsuruhime set up an ambush in which she defeated Ouchi s army According to legend she committed suicide by drowning due to grief for her beloved Her last words were As Mishima s ocean as my witness my love shall be engraved with my name Though she is romanticized to have died when she was young there are no known contemporary records that confirm it Legacy EditThe Dō maru armor kept in Ōyamazumi Shrine is considered the armor worn by Tsuruhime in battle 2 In 1959 the armor was included in the Lists of National Treasures of Japan The Shrine holds festivals and processions in honor of Tsuruhime The procession is led by a woman dressed in a Tsuruhime costume Kyōtei boat races are held and many people attend the celebrations 7 4 Tsuruhime became more famous among the general public by the 1966 book Sea Woman amp Armor Jeanne d Arc of Setouchi 海と女と鎧 瀬戸内のジャンヌ ダルク written by the author Mishima Yasukiyo 三島 安精 See also EditOnna musha Tomoe Gozen Hangaku GozenReferences Edit a b 河野家 家臣団 Kono clan vassals in Japanese Archived from the original on January 8 2019 Retrieved January 22 2019 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Turnbull Stephen 2010 Samurai Women 1184 1877 Osprey Publishing p 38 ISBN 978 1846039515 鶴姫伝説 坊っちゃん劇場 BOTCHAN THEATER www botchan co jp Retrieved 2019 04 12 a b Mishima Navy Tsuruhime Festival Japan Travel And Tourism Association 2019 Retrieved 2019 07 08 a b Chordas Peter 2019 Oyamazumi jinja Shrine Japan s Most Extensive Samurai Treasury The Inland Sea Setouchi Tourism Authority Archived from the original on July 8 2019 Retrieved 2019 07 08 Haubner Johannes 2014 Die Macht des Bogens Japanische Bogenschutzen im Spiegel alter Holzschnitte Verlag Angelika Hornig p 130 ISBN 978 3938921340 a b Chin Sarah 2015 11 03 Badass Women of History Tsuruhime Ohori Tufts Observer Archived from the original on January 16 2021 Retrieved 2019 07 08 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ōhōri Tsuruhime amp oldid 1116624663, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
