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Tropical Storm Bill (2003)

October 28, 2023

Tropical Storm Bill was a tropical storm that affected the Gulf Coast of the United States in the summer of 2003. The second storm of the 2003 Atlantic hurricane season, Bill developed from a tropical wave on June 29 to the north of the Yucatán Peninsula. It slowly organized as it moved northward, and reached a peak of 60 miles per hour (97 km/h) shortly before making landfall in south-central Louisiana. Bill quickly weakened over land, and as it accelerated to the northeast, moisture from the storm, combined with cold air from an approaching cold front, produced an outbreak of 34 tornadoes. Bill became extratropical on July 2, and was absorbed by the cold front later that day.

Tropical Storm Bill
Tropical Storm Bill at peak intensity on June 30
Meteorological history
FormedJune 29, 2003 (2003-06-29)
DissipatedJuly 3, 2003 (2003-07-03)
Tropical storm
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/NWS)
Highest winds60 mph (95 km/h)
Lowest pressure997 mbar (hPa); 29.44 inHg
Overall effects
Fatalities4 direct
Damage$50.5 million (2003 USD)
Areas affectedMexico, Gulf Coast of the United States, Southeastern United States
IBTrACS
Part of the 2003 Atlantic hurricane season

Upon making landfall on Louisiana, the storm produced a moderate storm surge, causing tidal flooding. In a city in the northeastern portion of the state, the surge breached a levee, which flooded many homes in the town. Moderate winds combined with wet soil knocked down trees, which then hit a few houses and power lines, and left hundreds of thousands without electric power. Two people drowned from rough surf in Florida. Further inland, tornadoes from the storm produced localized moderate damage. Throughout its path, Tropical Storm Bill caused around $50 million in damage (2003 USD) and four deaths.

Meteorological history edit

 
Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
  Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

A tropical wave developed scattered convection in the central Caribbean Sea on June 24, while interacting with an upper-level low. It moved slowly northwestward,[1] and remained disorganized due to strong upper level wind shear.[2] Late on June 27, the convection became slightly better organized around a broad low pressure area, though land interaction prevented further development as it moved towards the Yucatán Peninsula.[3] The area of low pressure became better defined over the central Yucatán Peninsula, and after the system turned to the northwest, convection quickly organized while located over the warm waters of the Gulf of Mexico. On June 29, following the development of a closed circulation, the system organized into Tropical Depression Three while located about 40 miles (64 km) north of Progreso, Yucatán.[4]

 
Radar image of Tropical Storm Bill's landfall in Louisiana

The depression quickly strengthened to become Tropical Storm Bill later on June 29. Operationally, the National Hurricane Center did not begin issuing advisories until it attained tropical storm status.[4] Initially, the system resembled a subtropical cyclone, with the strongest winds and deep convection located far from the center, though it was classified tropical due to its tropical origins.[5] The storm steadily intensified as wind shear decreased,[4] and early forecasts from the National Hurricane Center mentioned the possibility of Bill intensifying to hurricane status if the low level circulation organized beneath the area of deepest convection. Bill turned to the north-northwest, and later to the north, as it moved around the periphery of a ridge of high pressure.[6] On June 30, Tropical Storm Bill reached a peak intensity of 60 miles per hour (97 km/h), one hour before making landfall in southwestern Terrebonne Parish, Louisiana. It moved onshore at peak intensity, and quickly weakened to a depression over land as it accelerated to the northeast. Bill remained a tropical cyclone as it moved through the southeast United States,[4] until it became attached to an approaching cold front on July 2 near the Tennessee–Virginia border.[7] The remnant extratropical storm was absorbed by the cold front on July 3 near central Virginia,[4] while the remnant low pressure area continued northeastward until reaching the Atlantic Ocean later on July 3.[8]

Preparations edit

Shortly after the storm formed, the National Hurricane Center issued a tropical storm watch from the southern end of Galveston Island to Morgan City, Louisiana. As a more northward motion occurred, the watch was canceled and replaced with a tropical storm warning from High Island, Texas, to Pascagoula, Mississippi. Shortly before the storm made landfall, the warning was discontinued between High Island and Cameron, Louisiana. The National Hurricane Center briefly issued a hurricane watch from Intracoastal City to Morgan City, but it was discontinued when Tropical Storm Bill failed to strengthen.[4] Prior the storm making landfall, local National Weather Service offices issued flash flood watches and a tornado watch for large portions of the Gulf Coast.[9]

The threat of Tropical Storm Bill caused 41 oil platforms and 11 oil rigs to evacuate. This resulted in a loss of production of over 71 thousand barrels (11,300 m3) of oil and 610 million cubic feet (17,000,000 m3) of gas.[10]

The American Red Cross mobilized workers and brought food, water, and other supplies to Louisiana prior to the storm's arrival. At the request of Louisiana emergency management officials, the organization opened two shelters for residents in low-lying areas. Several floodgates in New Orleans were closed before the storm made landfall, and many universities and government offices were closed as well. Parishes along the coastline closed summer camps and prepared sand bags, boats, and high-wheeled vehicles.[9] Officials declared a voluntary evacuation for Grand Isle, though few residents heeded the recommendation.[11] Louisiana Governor Mike Foster declared a statewide state of emergency to easily make state resources available, and Mississippi Governor Ronnie Musgrove made a similar declaration for Harrison, Hancock, and Jackson Counties, where shelters were also opened.[12] Officials in Mississippi ordered the evacuation of flood-prone areas in anticipation for a moderate storm surge and above-normal tides.[9]

Impact edit

Bill caused four direct deaths along its path, as well as minor to moderate damage. Damage estimates totaled to over $50 million (2003 USD, $79.5 million 2023 USD), primarily as a result of flooding or tornadic damage. Throughout its path, Bill spawned 34 tornadoes, ranking it fourteenth in the list of North Atlantic hurricanes generating the most tornadoes.[13] The tornado outbreak was caused by wind shear, moist air from the storm, and cool air from an approaching cold front.[14] In spite of the large numbers of tornadoes, most were weak and short-lived.[15] Prior to forming, the storm produced rainfall along coastal areas of Mexico along the Bay of Campeche, peaking at nearly 4 inches (100 mm) in Yucatán, and over 3 inches (76 mm) in Campeche.[16]

Western Gulf Coast edit

 
Rainfall totals from Tropical Storm Bill

The outer bands of Bill dropped light rain across southeastern Texas, peaking at 1.07 inches (27 mm) in Jamaica Beach. Sustained winds from the storm remained weak, and peak wind gusts were 20 miles per hour (32 km/h) in eastern Galveston County. Upon making landfall, Bill caused a storm surge of up to 3.81 feet (1.16 m) at Pleasure Pier. Effects in Texas were minimal, limited to minor beach erosion on the Bolivar Peninsula.[17]

A moderate storm surge accompanied Tropical Storm Bill as it made landfall on Louisiana. In the state, the maximum reported surge was 5.8 feet (1.8 m), and it occurred at the Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium facility in Chauvin.[18] In Montegut, the surge breached a levee which was still damaged from the effects of Hurricane Lili 9 months before. The breach flooded many homes in the town,[19] forcing the evacuation of an entire neighborhood.[20] As a result, 150 homes in the town were damaged, with half of them severely.[21] The storm surge affected numerous low-lying cities in southeastern Louisiana by flooding roadways,[19] including the only road to Grand Isle, stranding residents and visitors. The road was opened a day after the storm as floodwaters receded.[22] The floodwaters entered a few homes and businesses in St. Tammany Parish. Damage from the storm surge totaled $4.1 million (2003 USD).[19] Rough waves sank two boats offshore; their occupants were rescued.[22]

The tornado outbreak associated with the storm began with an F0 in St. Bernard Parish that destroyed a boat house.[23] A short-lived F1 tornado touched down in Reserve, striking a private high school, where it destroyed half of one classroom and damaged several others. Later, the F1 tornado passed through a trailer park and severely damaged or destroyed 20 trailers. One trailer with a woman and three children was lifted into the air and dropped 30 feet (9.1 m) away; four occupants were injured, none of them seriously. Damage from the tornado amounted to $2 million (2003 USD, $3.18 million 2023 USD).[24] A third tornado, rated an F0, struck Orleans Parish, damaging a car and a portion of a roof.[25]

Winds of 35 to 45 mph (56–72 km/h) were common across southeastern Louisiana, with the highest sustained wind being 53 miles per hour (85 km/h) in Chauvin and a peak gust of 62 miles per hour (100 km/h) on the northern end of the Lake Pontchartrain Causeway.[18] The winds knocked trees and tree branches into power lines,[26] leaving 224,000 residents without power.[22] The storm dropped moderate to heavy amounts of precipitation, peaking at 10.2 inches (260 mm) at a location 6 miles (9.7 km) south of Folsom.[27] The rainfall led to flash flooding, which inundated roads and cars and overwhelmed local drainage capacities.[28] The rainfall also led to overflown rivers and creeks, resulting in flooding along the Tangipahoa River in southern Tangipahoa Parish, and the Bogue Falaya and Tchefuncte River in St. Tammany Parish.[29] The Bogue Falaya River crested at 57 feet (17 m) on July 1, 12 feet (3.7 m) above flood stage, which became a record for the recording station.[26] The flooding damaged several structures and roadways. Less severe river flooding occurred in Washington and Livingston Parishes.[29] In all, damage in Louisiana totaled to $44 million (2003 USD, $70 million 2023 USD).[18]

Eastern Gulf Coast edit

Fujita scale
Scale Speed Damage
F0 < 73 mph Light
F1 73–112 mph Moderate
F2 113–157 mph Considerable
F3 158–206 mph Severe
F4 207–260 mph Devastating
F5 261–318 mph Incredible

Upon making landfall, Bill produced a peak storm surge of 4.99 feet (1.52 m) in Waveland, Mississippi.[30] The storm surge led to beach erosion, damage to piers, and flooded roadways, with damage from the surge amounting to around $1 million (2003 USD, $1.59 million 2023 USD).[31] The maximum sustained wind from the storm recorded in Mississippi was 43 miles per hour (69 km/h), at the Gulfport-Biloxi International Airport, while the airport and Keesler Air Force Base both reported a peak wind gust of 52 miles per hour (84 km/h). Tropical Storm Bill dropped moderate to heavy rainfall across the state, peaking at 9.49 inches (241 mm) in Van Cleave.[30] The moderate wind gusts, along with the saturated ground, downed trees in several locations. 34 roads in Pike and Walthall Counties were blocked by fallen trees, and two homes were damaged.[32] Additionally, power outages were reported near the coast.[4] The rainfall flooded streets in various portions of the state[33][34] and led to overflown rivers.[30] An overflown creek in Pearl River County flooded structures and roadways.[35] The outer rainbands of Bill produced a weak tornado that touched down briefly in Waveland, blowing down several trees which resulted in minor damage to roofs.[36] Statewide damage accrued to $5 million (2003 USD, $7.95 million 2023 USD), primarily from flooding.[30]

As Tropical Storm Bill made landfall on Louisiana, its effects were felt in the Alabama coast as well, as heavy surf and tidal flooding pounded the coastline of the state. High waters closed a road to Dauphin Island and portions of a road along Mobile Bay.[37] Bill dropped over 3 inches (76 mm) of rain across the southern half of Alabama,[38] with isolated locations receiving over 8 inches (200 mm). Due to wet conditions for months preceding the storm, rainfall from Bill led to flash flooding in many counties. The deluge led to overflown rivers and streams, and left several roadways temporarily impassable from high floodwaters. Saturated grounds and wind gusts of 30 to 35 mph (48–56 km/h) downed numerous trees. Many downed trees landed on power lines, which caused power outages for around 19,000 people. One downed tree destroyed a car, and another damaged a roof of a house. In Lee County, a man was required to be rescued after driving through high flood waters.[39] Roadway flooding resulted in a few minor traffic accidents.[9] Also, the outer bands of the storm spawned an F1 tornado in Crenshaw County. Early in its path, it was narrow, and damage was limited to downed trees, two destroyed sheds, and a few houses experiencing light shingle damage or damage from fallen trees. Later, it expanded to reach a width of 1,800 feet (550 m) as it moved northwestward. The tornado destroyed the roofs of two houses, one of which experienced damage to its walls. The tornado dissipated eight minutes after its 3 miles (4.8 km) path began, resulting in $200,000 in damage (2003 USD, $318,162 2023 USD) and only slight injuries[40] A second tornado, rated F0 in the Fujita scale, occurred in southwestern Montgomery County. A small tornado with a width of only 180 feet (55 m), it moved to the northwest and tore down a few trees that fell onto a mobile home, a house, and two cars. The tornado dissipated six minutes after its 5 miles (8.0 km) path began.[41] Throughout Alabama, Tropical Storm Bill caused around $300,000 in damage (2003 USD, $477,243 2023 USD).[39][40][41]

Rainfall from the storm began affecting Florida a few days before the storm formed, and locations in the southern portion of the state received over 3 inches (76 mm) of rain.[38] Along the Florida Panhandle, Bill dropped over 8 inches (200 mm) of rain as it made landfall,[42] closing several roads[43] or leaving them impassable due to flooding.[42] A stationary line of thunderstorms in Okaloosa County produced downpours of up to 6 inches (150 mm) in one hour, resulting in flash flooding which washed out a portion of a bridge.[44] In Bay County, heavy rainfall and flooding damaged 40 homes, while several residents in an apartment in Parker needed to be rescued by boat from the floodwaters.[45] Rough surf produced by the storm killed two swimmers at Panama City Beach, while a dozen had to be rescued.[46] Part of the tornado outbreak spawned by the storm extended into northern Florida.[47] Damage in Florida totaled to around $1 million (2003 USD, $1.59 million 2023 USD).[44][45]

Southeastern U.S. edit

 
Damaged trees from tornado in Morgan County

Tropical Storm Bill dropped light rainfall of around 1 inch (25 mm) in northeastern Arkansas and southeastern Missouri, and over 5 inches (130 mm) in isolated parts of eastern Tennessee.[38] The storm also produced moderate rainfall in northwestern Georgia, which peaked at 7.1 inches (180 mm) in Monroe. Areas in southeastern Georgia received generally around 1 inch (25 mm); some coastal areas did not receive any precipitation from the storm.[48] Rainfall resulted in flooding in numerous locations around the Atlanta metropolitan area, leaving some roads impassable or closed.[49] The combination of moist air from the south, cool temperatures from a cold front to the north, and low pressures led to the development of supercells throughout Georgia and South Carolina, several of which produced tornadoes.[14] An F1 tornado touched down 3 miles (4.8 km) north-northeast of Pennington; first it passed through a farm, causing severe damage to two dairy sheds, a John Deere tractor, and three metal storage buildings. The tornado destroyed a hay barn, a carport, and a car inside the carport as well, while also causing a tree to fall and kill one cow.[50] The tornado passed through a forested area, where it toppled or sheared off hundreds of trees. As it entered a more urban area, it downed 30 isolated trees, some of which fell on a portion of Interstate 20, temporarily closing the roadway.[51] The tornado damaged seven houses, primarily to roof damage, although one experienced damage to several windows, while another had a utility trailer and a car damaged by fallen trees; a commercial building was damaged as well.[50] An F2 tornado was reported in Clito, which knocked down trees and damaged mobile homes.[52] Severe thunderstorms from the remnants of Bill caused considerable damage to a house near Louisville and knocked down several trees. Moreover, a tornado was briefly associated with the storms.[53] Bill also caused thunderstorms in Kite which uprooted several trees onto a car and a house.[54] One man in Atlanta died due to a falling tree.[4] Damage in Georgia totaled to $244,500 (2003 USD, $388,953 2023 USD).[50][53][54]

 
Tornado damage in Hampton, South Carolina

The tornado outbreak spawned by Bill was the greatest in the Charleston, South Carolina National Weather Service area since the outbreak provoked by Hurricane Earl in 1998. One such tornado was an F1 that struck Hampton,[14] which uprooted trees and downed power lines. The tornado severely damaged a Dollar General store, while several houses were damaged from fallen trees.[55] An F1 tornado also touched down near Smoaks, which uprooted several trees, resulted in a crushed car due to a fallen tree, caused severe roof damage to a mobile home, and killed one dog.[56] The storm produced heavy rainfall in the northern portion of the state, with some locations reporting over 7 inches (180 mm).[38] The rainfall resulted in flash flooding in areas, which caused some damage.[57]

In North Carolina, the remnants of the storm dropped around 5 inches (130 mm) in the east-central part of the state, while the southwestern portion of the state received totals of over 7 inches (180 mm).[38] In Raleigh, a boy drowned from the floodwaters.[4] The tornado outbreak from the storm extended into North Carolina, though specifics are unknown.[47] Bill produced light to moderate precipitation in the Mid-Atlantic, including over 5 inches (130 mm) in central Virginia.[38] In Virginia, a line of thunderstorms from the system produced small amounts of hail in Falls Church.[58] The tornado outbreak associated with Bill ended in New Jersey;[47] a narrow F0 tornado briefly touched down in a marsh near Goshen. The tornado remained away from the city, and caused no damage or injuries.[59]

Aftermath edit

By one day after the storm, power companies restored electricity to 151,000 customers. Citizens in Montegut circulated a petition for a class-action lawsuit in response to the levee failure.[22] The American Red Cross set up a church in Reserve as an emergency shelter. Only five people stayed the first night, resulting in the organization to convert it to a family services center. Over 100 families asked for food assistance. The Red Cross also set up a shelter in Houma, where 14 people stayed.[21]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Lixion A. Avila (2003). "June 24 Tropical Weather Outlook". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 18, 2006.[permanent dead link]
  2. ^ Richard J. Pasch (2003). "June 25 Tropical Weather Outlook". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 18, 2006.[permanent dead link]
  3. ^ Lixion A. Avila (2003). "June 27 Tropical Weather Outlook". Retrieved October 18, 2006.[permanent dead link]
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i Lixion A. Avila (2003). "Tropical Storm Bill Tropical Cyclone Report" (PDF). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved May 22, 2015.
  5. ^ Miles B. Lawrence (2003). "Tropical Storm Bill Discussion One". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 18, 2006.
  6. ^ Stacy R. Stewart (2003). "Tropical Storm Bill Discussion Three". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 18, 2006.
  7. ^ Pamela Szatanek (2003). . Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. Archived from the original on October 8, 2006. Retrieved October 18, 2006.
  8. ^ Doug Hilderbrand (2003). . HPC. Archived from the original on October 8, 2006. Retrieved October 18, 2006.
  9. ^ a b c d Bonnie Gillespie (2003). . RedCross.org. Archived from the original on October 14, 2006. Retrieved October 19, 2006.
  10. ^ U.S. Department of the Interior (2003). . Archived from the original on September 21, 2008. Retrieved October 19, 2006.
  11. ^ . Associated Press. 2003. Archived from the original on September 30, 2007. Retrieved October 19, 2006.
  12. ^ "Tropical Storm Bill Drenches Gulf Coast". CNN. June 30, 2003. Retrieved October 19, 2006.
  13. ^ Bill McCaul & Tom Grazulis (2005). "Tropical Cyclones Spawning 20 or More Known Tornadoes". The Tornado Project. Retrieved October 20, 2006.
  14. ^ a b c Paul Yura and Daniel St. Jean (2004). "Characteristics of a Tornado Outbreak Associated with the Remnants of Tropical Storm Bill" (PDF). Charleston, South Carolina National Weather Service. Retrieved October 20, 2006.
  15. ^ Jeff Dobur (2003). . Peachtree City, GA National Weather Service. Archived from the original on March 27, 2005. Retrieved October 20, 2006.
  16. ^ Servicio Meteorológico Nacional (2003). (in Spanish). Archived from the original on October 4, 2006. Retrieved October 20, 2006.
  17. ^ Blood & Traphagan (2003). . Houston/Galveston National Weather Service. Archived from the original on September 28, 2006. Retrieved October 19, 2006.
  18. ^ a b c National Climatic Data Center (2003). . Archived from the original on December 7, 2008. Retrieved October 22, 2006.
  19. ^ a b c NCDC (2003). . Archived from the original on December 7, 2008. Retrieved October 22, 2006.
  20. ^ WDSU.com (2003). . Archived from the original on July 16, 2011. Retrieved October 22, 2006.
  21. ^ a b United Church of Christ (2003). . Archived from the original on October 24, 2006. Retrieved October 22, 2006.
  22. ^ a b c d . USA Today. Associated Press. July 3, 2003. Archived from the original on October 17, 2012. Retrieved October 22, 2006.
  23. ^ NCDC (2003). . Archived from the original on May 19, 2011. Retrieved October 22, 2006.
  24. ^ NCDC (2003). . Archived from the original on May 19, 2011. Retrieved October 22, 2006.
  25. ^ NCDC (2003). . Archived from the original on May 19, 2011. Retrieved October 22, 2006.
  26. ^ a b New Orleans National Weather Service (2003). . Archived from the original on September 30, 2006. Retrieved October 22, 2006.
  27. ^ Roth, David M (January 3, 2023). "Tropical Cyclone Point Maxima". Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Data. United States Weather Prediction Center. Retrieved January 6, 2023.   This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  28. ^ NCDC (2003). . Archived from the original on May 19, 2011. Retrieved October 22, 2006.
  29. ^ a b NCDC (2003). . Archived from the original on May 19, 2011. Retrieved October 22, 2006.
  30. ^ a b c d NCDC (2003). . Archived from the original on May 19, 2011. Retrieved October 22, 2006.
  31. ^ NCDC (2003). . Archived from the original on May 19, 2011. Retrieved October 22, 2006.
  32. ^ NCDC (2003). . Archived from the original on May 19, 2011. Retrieved October 22, 2006.
  33. ^ NCDC (2003). . Archived from the original on May 19, 2011. Retrieved October 22, 2006.
  34. ^ NCDC (2003). . Archived from the original on May 19, 2011. Retrieved October 22, 2006.
  35. ^ NCDC (2003). . Archived from the original on May 19, 2011. Retrieved October 22, 2006.
  36. ^ NCDC (2003). . Archived from the original on May 19, 2011. Retrieved October 22, 2006.
  37. ^ National Climatic Data Center (2003). . Archived from the original on May 19, 2011. Retrieved October 20, 2006.
  38. ^ a b c d e f David Roth. "Rainfall information for Tropical Storm Bill". HPC. Retrieved October 20, 2006.
  39. ^ a b National Climatic Data Center (2003). . Archived from the original on May 19, 2011. Retrieved October 20, 2006.
  40. ^ a b National Climatic Data Center (2003). . Archived from the original on May 19, 2011. Retrieved October 20, 2006.
  41. ^ a b National Climatic Data Center (2003). . Archived from the original on May 19, 2011. Retrieved October 20, 2006.
  42. ^ a b National Climatic Data Center (2003). . Archived from the original on May 19, 2011. Retrieved October 22, 2006.
  43. ^ National Climatic Data Center (2003). . Archived from the original on May 19, 2011. Retrieved October 22, 2006.
  44. ^ a b National Climatic Data Center (2003). . Archived from the original on May 19, 2011. Retrieved October 22, 2006.
  45. ^ a b National Climatic Data Center (2003). . Archived from the original on May 19, 2011. Retrieved October 22, 2006.
  46. ^ National Climatic Data Center (2003). . Archived from the original on May 19, 2011. Retrieved October 22, 2006.
  47. ^ a b c Tom Grazulis and Bill McCaul (2006). "Every Hurricane that has Spawned a Tornado". The Tornado Project. Retrieved October 22, 2006.
  48. ^ Peachtree City, GA National Weather Service (2003). . Archived from the original on September 27, 2006. Retrieved October 22, 2006.
  49. ^ NCDC (2003). . Archived from the original on May 19, 2011. Retrieved October 22, 2006.
  50. ^ a b c NCDC (2003). . Archived from the original on May 19, 2011. Retrieved October 22, 2006.
  51. ^ Peachtree City, GA National Weather Service (2003). . Archived from the original on March 27, 2005. Retrieved October 22, 2006.
  52. ^ NCDC (2003). . Archived from the original on May 19, 2011. Retrieved October 22, 2006.
  53. ^ a b NCDC (2003). . Archived from the original on May 19, 2011. Retrieved October 22, 2006.
  54. ^ a b NCDC (2003). . Archived from the original on May 19, 2011. Retrieved October 22, 2006.
  55. ^ NCDC (2003). . Archived from the original on May 19, 2011. Retrieved October 23, 2006.
  56. ^ NCDC (2003). . Archived from the original on May 19, 2011. Retrieved October 23, 2006.
  57. ^ South Carolina State Climatology Office (2004). . Archived from the original on September 28, 2006. Retrieved October 23, 2006.
  58. ^ Atlantic Coast Observer Network (2003). . Archived from the original on September 23, 2006. Retrieved October 23, 2006.
  59. ^ NCDC (2003). . Archived from the original on April 5, 2018. Retrieved October 23, 2006.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tropical Storm Bill (2003).
  • Tropical Storm Bill tropical cyclone report

October 28, 2023
tropical, storm, bill, 2003, tropical, storm, bill, tropical, storm, that, affected, gulf, coast, united, states, summer, 2003, second, storm, 2003, atlantic, hurricane, season, bill, developed, from, tropical, wave, june, north, yucatán, peninsula, slowly, or. Tropical Storm Bill was a tropical storm that affected the Gulf Coast of the United States in the summer of 2003 The second storm of the 2003 Atlantic hurricane season Bill developed from a tropical wave on June 29 to the north of the Yucatan Peninsula It slowly organized as it moved northward and reached a peak of 60 miles per hour 97 km h shortly before making landfall in south central Louisiana Bill quickly weakened over land and as it accelerated to the northeast moisture from the storm combined with cold air from an approaching cold front produced an outbreak of 34 tornadoes Bill became extratropical on July 2 and was absorbed by the cold front later that day Tropical Storm Bill Tropical Storm Bill at peak intensity on June 30Meteorological historyFormedJune 29 2003 2003 06 29 DissipatedJuly 3 2003 2003 07 03 Tropical storm1 minute sustained SSHWS NWS Highest winds60 mph 95 km h Lowest pressure997 mbar hPa 29 44 inHgOverall effectsFatalities4 directDamage 50 5 million 2003 USD Areas affectedMexico Gulf Coast of the United States Southeastern United StatesIBTrACSPart of the 2003 Atlantic hurricane seasonUpon making landfall on Louisiana the storm produced a moderate storm surge causing tidal flooding In a city in the northeastern portion of the state the surge breached a levee which flooded many homes in the town Moderate winds combined with wet soil knocked down trees which then hit a few houses and power lines and left hundreds of thousands without electric power Two people drowned from rough surf in Florida Further inland tornadoes from the storm produced localized moderate damage Throughout its path Tropical Storm Bill caused around 50 million in damage 2003 USD and four deaths Contents 1 Meteorological history 2 Preparations 3 Impact 3 1 Western Gulf Coast 3 2 Eastern Gulf Coast 3 3 Southeastern U S 4 Aftermath 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksMeteorological history edit nbsp Map plotting the storm s track and intensity according to the Saffir Simpson scaleMap keySaffir Simpson scale Tropical depression 38 mph 62 km h Tropical storm 39 73 mph 63 118 km h Category 1 74 95 mph 119 153 km h Category 2 96 110 mph 154 177 km h Category 3 111 129 mph 178 208 km h Category 4 130 156 mph 209 251 km h Category 5 157 mph 252 km h Unknown Storm type nbsp Tropical cyclone nbsp Subtropical cyclone nbsp Extratropical cyclone remnant low tropical disturbance or monsoon depressionA tropical wave developed scattered convection in the central Caribbean Sea on June 24 while interacting with an upper level low It moved slowly northwestward 1 and remained disorganized due to strong upper level wind shear 2 Late on June 27 the convection became slightly better organized around a broad low pressure area though land interaction prevented further development as it moved towards the Yucatan Peninsula 3 The area of low pressure became better defined over the central Yucatan Peninsula and after the system turned to the northwest convection quickly organized while located over the warm waters of the Gulf of Mexico On June 29 following the development of a closed circulation the system organized into Tropical Depression Three while located about 40 miles 64 km north of Progreso Yucatan 4 nbsp Radar image of Tropical Storm Bill s landfall in LouisianaThe depression quickly strengthened to become Tropical Storm Bill later on June 29 Operationally the National Hurricane Center did not begin issuing advisories until it attained tropical storm status 4 Initially the system resembled a subtropical cyclone with the strongest winds and deep convection located far from the center though it was classified tropical due to its tropical origins 5 The storm steadily intensified as wind shear decreased 4 and early forecasts from the National Hurricane Center mentioned the possibility of Bill intensifying to hurricane status if the low level circulation organized beneath the area of deepest convection Bill turned to the north northwest and later to the north as it moved around the periphery of a ridge of high pressure 6 On June 30 Tropical Storm Bill reached a peak intensity of 60 miles per hour 97 km h one hour before making landfall in southwestern Terrebonne Parish Louisiana It moved onshore at peak intensity and quickly weakened to a depression over land as it accelerated to the northeast Bill remained a tropical cyclone as it moved through the southeast United States 4 until it became attached to an approaching cold front on July 2 near the Tennessee Virginia border 7 The remnant extratropical storm was absorbed by the cold front on July 3 near central Virginia 4 while the remnant low pressure area continued northeastward until reaching the Atlantic Ocean later on July 3 8 Preparations editShortly after the storm formed the National Hurricane Center issued a tropical storm watch from the southern end of Galveston Island to Morgan City Louisiana As a more northward motion occurred the watch was canceled and replaced with a tropical storm warning from High Island Texas to Pascagoula Mississippi Shortly before the storm made landfall the warning was discontinued between High Island and Cameron Louisiana The National Hurricane Center briefly issued a hurricane watch from Intracoastal City to Morgan City but it was discontinued when Tropical Storm Bill failed to strengthen 4 Prior the storm making landfall local National Weather Service offices issued flash flood watches and a tornado watch for large portions of the Gulf Coast 9 The threat of Tropical Storm Bill caused 41 oil platforms and 11 oil rigs to evacuate This resulted in a loss of production of over 71 thousand barrels 11 300 m3 of oil and 610 million cubic feet 17 000 000 m3 of gas 10 The American Red Cross mobilized workers and brought food water and other supplies to Louisiana prior to the storm s arrival At the request of Louisiana emergency management officials the organization opened two shelters for residents in low lying areas Several floodgates in New Orleans were closed before the storm made landfall and many universities and government offices were closed as well Parishes along the coastline closed summer camps and prepared sand bags boats and high wheeled vehicles 9 Officials declared a voluntary evacuation for Grand Isle though few residents heeded the recommendation 11 Louisiana Governor Mike Foster declared a statewide state of emergency to easily make state resources available and Mississippi Governor Ronnie Musgrove made a similar declaration for Harrison Hancock and Jackson Counties where shelters were also opened 12 Officials in Mississippi ordered the evacuation of flood prone areas in anticipation for a moderate storm surge and above normal tides 9 Impact editBill caused four direct deaths along its path as well as minor to moderate damage Damage estimates totaled to over 50 million 2003 USD 79 5 million 2023 USD primarily as a result of flooding or tornadic damage Throughout its path Bill spawned 34 tornadoes ranking it fourteenth in the list of North Atlantic hurricanes generating the most tornadoes 13 The tornado outbreak was caused by wind shear moist air from the storm and cool air from an approaching cold front 14 In spite of the large numbers of tornadoes most were weak and short lived 15 Prior to forming the storm produced rainfall along coastal areas of Mexico along the Bay of Campeche peaking at nearly 4 inches 100 mm in Yucatan and over 3 inches 76 mm in Campeche 16 Western Gulf Coast edit nbsp Rainfall totals from Tropical Storm BillThe outer bands of Bill dropped light rain across southeastern Texas peaking at 1 07 inches 27 mm in Jamaica Beach Sustained winds from the storm remained weak and peak wind gusts were 20 miles per hour 32 km h in eastern Galveston County Upon making landfall Bill caused a storm surge of up to 3 81 feet 1 16 m at Pleasure Pier Effects in Texas were minimal limited to minor beach erosion on the Bolivar Peninsula 17 A moderate storm surge accompanied Tropical Storm Bill as it made landfall on Louisiana In the state the maximum reported surge was 5 8 feet 1 8 m and it occurred at the Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium facility in Chauvin 18 In Montegut the surge breached a levee which was still damaged from the effects of Hurricane Lili 9 months before The breach flooded many homes in the town 19 forcing the evacuation of an entire neighborhood 20 As a result 150 homes in the town were damaged with half of them severely 21 The storm surge affected numerous low lying cities in southeastern Louisiana by flooding roadways 19 including the only road to Grand Isle stranding residents and visitors The road was opened a day after the storm as floodwaters receded 22 The floodwaters entered a few homes and businesses in St Tammany Parish Damage from the storm surge totaled 4 1 million 2003 USD 19 Rough waves sank two boats offshore their occupants were rescued 22 The tornado outbreak associated with the storm began with an F0 in St Bernard Parish that destroyed a boat house 23 A short lived F1 tornado touched down in Reserve striking a private high school where it destroyed half of one classroom and damaged several others Later the F1 tornado passed through a trailer park and severely damaged or destroyed 20 trailers One trailer with a woman and three children was lifted into the air and dropped 30 feet 9 1 m away four occupants were injured none of them seriously Damage from the tornado amounted to 2 million 2003 USD 3 18 million 2023 USD 24 A third tornado rated an F0 struck Orleans Parish damaging a car and a portion of a roof 25 Winds of 35 to 45 mph 56 72 km h were common across southeastern Louisiana with the highest sustained wind being 53 miles per hour 85 km h in Chauvin and a peak gust of 62 miles per hour 100 km h on the northern end of the Lake Pontchartrain Causeway 18 The winds knocked trees and tree branches into power lines 26 leaving 224 000 residents without power 22 The storm dropped moderate to heavy amounts of precipitation peaking at 10 2 inches 260 mm at a location 6 miles 9 7 km south of Folsom 27 The rainfall led to flash flooding which inundated roads and cars and overwhelmed local drainage capacities 28 The rainfall also led to overflown rivers and creeks resulting in flooding along the Tangipahoa River in southern Tangipahoa Parish and the Bogue Falaya and Tchefuncte River in St Tammany Parish 29 The Bogue Falaya River crested at 57 feet 17 m on July 1 12 feet 3 7 m above flood stage which became a record for the recording station 26 The flooding damaged several structures and roadways Less severe river flooding occurred in Washington and Livingston Parishes 29 In all damage in Louisiana totaled to 44 million 2003 USD 70 million 2023 USD 18 Eastern Gulf Coast edit Fujita scale Scale Speed DamageF0 lt 73 mph LightF1 73 112 mph ModerateF2 113 157 mph ConsiderableF3 158 206 mph SevereF4 207 260 mph DevastatingF5 261 318 mph IncredibleUpon making landfall Bill produced a peak storm surge of 4 99 feet 1 52 m in Waveland Mississippi 30 The storm surge led to beach erosion damage to piers and flooded roadways with damage from the surge amounting to around 1 million 2003 USD 1 59 million 2023 USD 31 The maximum sustained wind from the storm recorded in Mississippi was 43 miles per hour 69 km h at the Gulfport Biloxi International Airport while the airport and Keesler Air Force Base both reported a peak wind gust of 52 miles per hour 84 km h Tropical Storm Bill dropped moderate to heavy rainfall across the state peaking at 9 49 inches 241 mm in Van Cleave 30 The moderate wind gusts along with the saturated ground downed trees in several locations 34 roads in Pike and Walthall Counties were blocked by fallen trees and two homes were damaged 32 Additionally power outages were reported near the coast 4 The rainfall flooded streets in various portions of the state 33 34 and led to overflown rivers 30 An overflown creek in Pearl River County flooded structures and roadways 35 The outer rainbands of Bill produced a weak tornado that touched down briefly in Waveland blowing down several trees which resulted in minor damage to roofs 36 Statewide damage accrued to 5 million 2003 USD 7 95 million 2023 USD primarily from flooding 30 As Tropical Storm Bill made landfall on Louisiana its effects were felt in the Alabama coast as well as heavy surf and tidal flooding pounded the coastline of the state High waters closed a road to Dauphin Island and portions of a road along Mobile Bay 37 Bill dropped over 3 inches 76 mm of rain across the southern half of Alabama 38 with isolated locations receiving over 8 inches 200 mm Due to wet conditions for months preceding the storm rainfall from Bill led to flash flooding in many counties The deluge led to overflown rivers and streams and left several roadways temporarily impassable from high floodwaters Saturated grounds and wind gusts of 30 to 35 mph 48 56 km h downed numerous trees Many downed trees landed on power lines which caused power outages for around 19 000 people One downed tree destroyed a car and another damaged a roof of a house In Lee County a man was required to be rescued after driving through high flood waters 39 Roadway flooding resulted in a few minor traffic accidents 9 Also the outer bands of the storm spawned an F1 tornado in Crenshaw County Early in its path it was narrow and damage was limited to downed trees two destroyed sheds and a few houses experiencing light shingle damage or damage from fallen trees Later it expanded to reach a width of 1 800 feet 550 m as it moved northwestward The tornado destroyed the roofs of two houses one of which experienced damage to its walls The tornado dissipated eight minutes after its 3 miles 4 8 km path began resulting in 200 000 in damage 2003 USD 318 162 2023 USD and only slight injuries 40 A second tornado rated F0 in the Fujita scale occurred in southwestern Montgomery County A small tornado with a width of only 180 feet 55 m it moved to the northwest and tore down a few trees that fell onto a mobile home a house and two cars The tornado dissipated six minutes after its 5 miles 8 0 km path began 41 Throughout Alabama Tropical Storm Bill caused around 300 000 in damage 2003 USD 477 243 2023 USD 39 40 41 Rainfall from the storm began affecting Florida a few days before the storm formed and locations in the southern portion of the state received over 3 inches 76 mm of rain 38 Along the Florida Panhandle Bill dropped over 8 inches 200 mm of rain as it made landfall 42 closing several roads 43 or leaving them impassable due to flooding 42 A stationary line of thunderstorms in Okaloosa County produced downpours of up to 6 inches 150 mm in one hour resulting in flash flooding which washed out a portion of a bridge 44 In Bay County heavy rainfall and flooding damaged 40 homes while several residents in an apartment in Parker needed to be rescued by boat from the floodwaters 45 Rough surf produced by the storm killed two swimmers at Panama City Beach while a dozen had to be rescued 46 Part of the tornado outbreak spawned by the storm extended into northern Florida 47 Damage in Florida totaled to around 1 million 2003 USD 1 59 million 2023 USD 44 45 Southeastern U S edit nbsp Damaged trees from tornado in Morgan CountyTropical Storm Bill dropped light rainfall of around 1 inch 25 mm in northeastern Arkansas and southeastern Missouri and over 5 inches 130 mm in isolated parts of eastern Tennessee 38 The storm also produced moderate rainfall in northwestern Georgia which peaked at 7 1 inches 180 mm in Monroe Areas in southeastern Georgia received generally around 1 inch 25 mm some coastal areas did not receive any precipitation from the storm 48 Rainfall resulted in flooding in numerous locations around the Atlanta metropolitan area leaving some roads impassable or closed 49 The combination of moist air from the south cool temperatures from a cold front to the north and low pressures led to the development of supercells throughout Georgia and South Carolina several of which produced tornadoes 14 An F1 tornado touched down 3 miles 4 8 km north northeast of Pennington first it passed through a farm causing severe damage to two dairy sheds a John Deere tractor and three metal storage buildings The tornado destroyed a hay barn a carport and a car inside the carport as well while also causing a tree to fall and kill one cow 50 The tornado passed through a forested area where it toppled or sheared off hundreds of trees As it entered a more urban area it downed 30 isolated trees some of which fell on a portion of Interstate 20 temporarily closing the roadway 51 The tornado damaged seven houses primarily to roof damage although one experienced damage to several windows while another had a utility trailer and a car damaged by fallen trees a commercial building was damaged as well 50 An F2 tornado was reported in Clito which knocked down trees and damaged mobile homes 52 Severe thunderstorms from the remnants of Bill caused considerable damage to a house near Louisville and knocked down several trees Moreover a tornado was briefly associated with the storms 53 Bill also caused thunderstorms in Kite which uprooted several trees onto a car and a house 54 One man in Atlanta died due to a falling tree 4 Damage in Georgia totaled to 244 500 2003 USD 388 953 2023 USD 50 53 54 nbsp Tornado damage in Hampton South CarolinaThe tornado outbreak spawned by Bill was the greatest in the Charleston South Carolina National Weather Service area since the outbreak provoked by Hurricane Earl in 1998 One such tornado was an F1 that struck Hampton 14 which uprooted trees and downed power lines The tornado severely damaged a Dollar General store while several houses were damaged from fallen trees 55 An F1 tornado also touched down near Smoaks which uprooted several trees resulted in a crushed car due to a fallen tree caused severe roof damage to a mobile home and killed one dog 56 The storm produced heavy rainfall in the northern portion of the state with some locations reporting over 7 inches 180 mm 38 The rainfall resulted in flash flooding in areas which caused some damage 57 In North Carolina the remnants of the storm dropped around 5 inches 130 mm in the east central part of the state while the southwestern portion of the state received totals of over 7 inches 180 mm 38 In Raleigh a boy drowned from the floodwaters 4 The tornado outbreak from the storm extended into North Carolina though specifics are unknown 47 Bill produced light to moderate precipitation in the Mid Atlantic including over 5 inches 130 mm in central Virginia 38 In Virginia a line of thunderstorms from the system produced small amounts of hail in Falls Church 58 The tornado outbreak associated with Bill ended in New Jersey 47 a narrow F0 tornado briefly touched down in a marsh near Goshen The tornado remained away from the city and caused no damage or injuries 59 Aftermath editBy one day after the storm power companies restored electricity to 151 000 customers Citizens in Montegut circulated a petition for a class action lawsuit in response to the levee failure 22 The American Red Cross set up a church in Reserve as an emergency shelter Only five people stayed the first night resulting in the organization to convert it to a family services center Over 100 families asked for food assistance The Red Cross also set up a shelter in Houma where 14 people stayed 21 See also edit nbsp Tropical cyclones portalOther storms of the same name List of Florida hurricanes 2000 present List of North Carolina hurricanes 2000 present Hurricane Cindy 2005 Tropical Storm Bill 2015 References edit Lixion A Avila 2003 June 24 Tropical Weather Outlook National Hurricane Center Retrieved October 18 2006 permanent dead link Richard J Pasch 2003 June 25 Tropical Weather Outlook National Hurricane Center Retrieved October 18 2006 permanent dead link Lixion A Avila 2003 June 27 Tropical Weather Outlook Retrieved October 18 2006 permanent dead link a b c d e f g h i Lixion A Avila 2003 Tropical Storm Bill Tropical Cyclone Report PDF National Hurricane Center Retrieved May 22 2015 Miles B Lawrence 2003 Tropical Storm Bill Discussion One National Hurricane Center Retrieved October 18 2006 Stacy R Stewart 2003 Tropical Storm Bill Discussion Three National Hurricane Center Retrieved October 18 2006 Pamela Szatanek 2003 Extratropical cyclone Bill Public Advisory Thirteen Hydrometeorological Prediction Center Archived from the original on October 8 2006 Retrieved October 18 2006 Doug Hilderbrand 2003 Extratropical Cyclone Bill Public Advisory Seventeen HPC Archived from the original on October 8 2006 Retrieved October 18 2006 a b c d Bonnie Gillespie 2003 Tropical Storm Bill Roars Ashore in Louisiana RedCross org Archived from the original on October 14 2006 Retrieved October 19 2006 U S Department of the Interior 2003 Tropical Storm Bill Evacuation and Production Shut In Statistics for July 2 2003 Archived from the original on September 21 2008 Retrieved October 19 2006 Tropical Storm Bill headed towards a Louisiana Landfall Associated Press 2003 Archived from the original on September 30 2007 Retrieved October 19 2006 Tropical Storm Bill Drenches Gulf Coast CNN June 30 2003 Retrieved October 19 2006 Bill McCaul amp Tom Grazulis 2005 Tropical Cyclones Spawning 20 or More Known Tornadoes The Tornado Project Retrieved October 20 2006 a b c Paul Yura and Daniel St Jean 2004 Characteristics of a Tornado Outbreak Associated with the Remnants of Tropical Storm Bill PDF Charleston South Carolina National Weather Service Retrieved October 20 2006 Jeff Dobur 2003 Tornado and Damaging Wind Strike Morgan County Georgia Peachtree City GA National Weather Service Archived from the original on March 27 2005 Retrieved October 20 2006 Servicio Meteorologico Nacional 2003 Tormenta Tropical Bill del Oceano Atlantico in Spanish Archived from the original on October 4 2006 Retrieved October 20 2006 Blood amp Traphagan 2003 Tropical Storm Bill Preliminary Storm Report Houston Galveston National Weather Service Archived from the original on September 28 2006 Retrieved October 19 2006 a b c National Climatic Data Center 2003 Event Report for Louisiana Archived from the original on December 7 2008 Retrieved October 22 2006 a b c NCDC 2003 Event Report for Louisiana 2 Archived from the original on December 7 2008 Retrieved October 22 2006 WDSU com 2003 Storm Moves Over Land Archived from the original on July 16 2011 Retrieved October 22 2006 a b United Church of Christ 2003 Tropical storm leaves damage Archived from the original on October 24 2006 Retrieved October 22 2006 a b c d Gulf Coast reeling from Tropical Storm Bill USA Today Associated Press July 3 2003 Archived from the original on October 17 2012 Retrieved October 22 2006 NCDC 2003 Event Report for Louisiana Tornado Archived from the original on May 19 2011 Retrieved October 22 2006 NCDC 2003 Event Report for Louisiana Tornado 2 Archived from the original on May 19 2011 Retrieved October 22 2006 NCDC 2003 Event Report for Louisiana Tornado 3 Archived from the original on May 19 2011 Retrieved October 22 2006 a b New Orleans National Weather Service 2003 Tropical Storm Bill Post Tropical Cyclone Report Archived from the original on September 30 2006 Retrieved October 22 2006 Roth David M January 3 2023 Tropical Cyclone Point Maxima Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Data United States Weather Prediction Center Retrieved January 6 2023 nbsp This article incorporates text from this source which is in the public domain NCDC 2003 Event Report for Louisiana 3 Archived from the original on May 19 2011 Retrieved October 22 2006 a b NCDC 2003 Event Report for River Flooding in Louisiana Archived from the original on May 19 2011 Retrieved October 22 2006 a b c d NCDC 2003 Event Report for Mississippi Archived from the original on May 19 2011 Retrieved October 22 2006 NCDC 2003 Event Report for Mississippi 2 Archived from the original on May 19 2011 Retrieved October 22 2006 NCDC 2003 Event Report for Mississippi Archived from the original on May 19 2011 Retrieved October 22 2006 NCDC 2003 Event Report for Mississippi Archived from the original on May 19 2011 Retrieved October 22 2006 NCDC 2003 Event Report for Mississippi Archived from the original on May 19 2011 Retrieved October 22 2006 NCDC 2003 Event Report for Mississippi 4 Archived from the original on May 19 2011 Retrieved October 22 2006 NCDC 2003 Event Report for Mississippi Tornado Archived from the original on May 19 2011 Retrieved October 22 2006 National Climatic Data Center 2003 Event Report for Alabama Archived from the original on May 19 2011 Retrieved October 20 2006 a b c d e f David Roth Rainfall information for Tropical Storm Bill HPC Retrieved October 20 2006 a b National Climatic Data Center 2003 Event Report for Alabama 2 Archived from the original on May 19 2011 Retrieved October 20 2006 a b National Climatic Data Center 2003 Event Report for Tornado in Alabama Archived from the original on May 19 2011 Retrieved October 20 2006 a b National Climatic Data Center 2003 Event Report for Tornado in Alabama 2 Archived from the original on May 19 2011 Retrieved October 20 2006 a b National Climatic Data Center 2003 Event Report for Florida 1 Archived from the original on May 19 2011 Retrieved October 22 2006 National Climatic Data Center 2003 Event Report for Florida 2 Archived from the original on May 19 2011 Retrieved October 22 2006 a b National Climatic Data Center 2003 Event Report for Florida 3 Archived from the original on May 19 2011 Retrieved October 22 2006 a b National Climatic Data Center 2003 Event Report for Florida 4 Archived from the original on May 19 2011 Retrieved October 22 2006 National Climatic Data Center 2003 Event Report for Florida Archived from the original on May 19 2011 Retrieved October 22 2006 a b c Tom Grazulis and Bill McCaul 2006 Every Hurricane that has Spawned a Tornado The Tornado Project Retrieved October 22 2006 Peachtree City GA National Weather Service 2003 Rainfall in Georgia Associated with Tropical Storm Bill Archived from the original on September 27 2006 Retrieved October 22 2006 NCDC 2003 Event Report for Georgia Archived from the original on May 19 2011 Retrieved October 22 2006 a b c NCDC 2003 Event Report for Georgia Tornado Archived from the original on May 19 2011 Retrieved October 22 2006 Peachtree City GA National Weather Service 2003 Torando sic and Damaging Wind Strike Morgan County Georgia Archived from the original on March 27 2005 Retrieved October 22 2006 NCDC 2003 Event Report for Georgia Tornado 2 Archived from the original on May 19 2011 Retrieved October 22 2006 a b NCDC 2003 Event Report for Georgia Severe Weather Archived from the original on May 19 2011 Retrieved October 22 2006 a b NCDC 2003 Event Report for Georgia Severe Weather 2 Archived from the original on May 19 2011 Retrieved October 22 2006 NCDC 2003 Event Report for South Carolina Tornado Archived from the original on May 19 2011 Retrieved October 23 2006 NCDC 2003 Event Report for South Carolina Tornado 2 Archived from the original on May 19 2011 Retrieved October 23 2006 South Carolina State Climatology Office 2004 South Carolina 2003 Weather in Review Archived from the original on September 28 2006 Retrieved October 23 2006 Atlantic Coast Observer Network 2003 Summary of Climatological Data for July 2003 in South Carolina North Carolina and Virginia Archived from the original on September 23 2006 Retrieved October 23 2006 NCDC 2003 Event Report for New Jersey Tornado Archived from the original on April 5 2018 Retrieved October 23 2006 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tropical Storm Bill 2003 Tropical Storm Bill tropical cyclone report Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Tropical Storm Bill 2003 amp oldid 1171671208, wikipedia, wiki, 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