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Tropical Storm Alvaro

March 05, 2024

Severe Tropical Storm Alvaro was a tropical cyclone that traversed over Madagascar during New Year's Day. The first named storm of the 2023-24 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season, Alvaro originated as a tropical disturbance at the Mozambique Channel. Being forecasted to develop into a moderate tropical storm, the disturbance was in a favorable environment for intensification. Tracking southeast, the system was upgraded into a tropical depression on December 31. It later intensified into a tropical storm, receiving the name Alvaro. Alvaro continued to move and intensify despite vertical wind shear. On January 1, Alvaro further intensified into a severe tropical storm before making landfall over Morombe District, Madagascar. It weakened back to a tropical depression after passing over the mountainous terrain of the island nation. Alvaro re-entered again to the Indian Ocean and intensified back into a moderate tropical storm. Shortly after reintensification, strong wind shear prevented any further development of the storm. Alvaro later transitioned into post-tropical depression, being last noted on January 4.

Severe Tropical Storm Alvaro
Severe Tropical Storm Alvaro near peak intensity
Meteorological history
Formed30 December 2023
Dissipated3 January 2024
Severe tropical storm
10-minute sustained (MFR)
Highest winds110 km/h (70 mph)
Lowest pressure985 hPa (mbar); 29.09 inHg
Tropical storm
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/JTWC)
Highest winds110 km/h (70 mph)
Lowest pressure985 hPa (mbar); 29.09 inHg
Overall effects
Fatalities19
DamageUnknown
Areas affectedMadagascar, Mozambique
Part of the 2023–24 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season

Meteorological history edit

 
Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
  Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

In December 2023, the MFR began to monitor the potential for tropical cyclogenesis as Kelvin waves and Rossby waves intersect in the western portion of the agency's area of responsibility, ahead of a wet phase of the Madden–Julian oscillation; a low was forecast to develop into a moderate tropical storm south of the Mozambique Channel in these conditions.[1] By 29 December, a monsoon trough had produced convection southeast of Beira, Mozambique that spun, as convergence of winds increases within the system's closed surface circulation.[2] The next day, the MFR classified the system as a tropical disturbance,[3] and in addition, the JTWC began monitoring the disturbance.[4] Tracking southeast under the influence of a ridge, the disturbance was further upgraded to a tropical depression by the MFR on December 31.[5] The warm core further consolidated, causing the system to intensify into a moderate tropical storm and receive the name Alvaro.[6] Moreover, the JTWC designated the storm as Tropical Cyclone 04S.[7]

During 1 January 2024, Alvaro's maintenance of a curved band and the emergence of an eye prompted the MFR to upgrade the system to a severe tropical storm, as Alvaro continued to strengthen under favorable conditions despite vertical wind shear in the mid-level troposphere.[8] The storm grew a central dense overcast around its ragged, inchoate eye while 269 km (167 mi) east-northeast of Europa Island, continuing east-southeast.[9] Around 12:00 UTC, both the MFR and JTWC stated that Alvaro had peaked with sustained winds of 110 km/h (70 mph);[10][11] the MFR also measured the system's lowest barometric pressure at 985 hPa (29.09 inHg).[10] As the storm approached Madagascar, the cloud top pattern slowly degraded as it warmed up, with the eye gradually disappearing due to persistent wind shear.[12] At 19:20 EAT (16:20 UTC) that day, Alvaro made landfall in Morombe District, Madagascar, bringing sustained winds of 140 km/h (85 mph) and gusts of 140 km/h (85 mph).[13] Alvaro rapidly weakened due to the mountainous terrain of the island nation, with rainbands around the core no longer present.[14] By 12:00 UTC of 2 January, Alvaro weakened into an overland depression and exhibited the circulation to satellite imagery, only retaining convection over the east quadrant.[15] Alvaro re-entered the Indian Ocean on 3 January, re-intensifying back into a moderate tropical storm.[16] Shortly after however, Alvaro would succumb to strong wind shear as mid-level dry air invaded the storm, despite substantial outflow boosted by a subtropical jet.[17] By 18:00 UTC, the MFR classified Alvaro as a post-tropical depression after the storm had lost its tropical characteristics.[18] The MFR issued its final bulletin on Alvaro on 4 January, as the system interacted with the baroclinic zone.[19]

 
Tropical Depression Alvaro over eastern Madagascar on 2 January 2024.

Preparations and impact edit

Anticipating Alvaro's landfall, the meteorological service of Madagascar (Meteo Madagascar) raised a yellow alert for the districts of Morondava, Manja, Morombe, and Toliara on 31 December,[20] which would be upgraded to a red alert a day later as Alvaro made landfall.[21] Mariners across Maintirano and Toliara were advised to stay out of sea.[20] The mayor of Morombe reported property damage. Several parts of the city were flooded, and many residents evacuated from their homes, using schools and outlying villages as accommodation sites.[22] Areas of southern Madagascar reported uprooted trees, torn roofs, and damaged infrastructure, necessitating international assistance.[23] Nearly 33,000 people in Madagascar were affected by Alvaro, with over 17,000 displaced. The regions of Haute Matsiatra, Atsimo-Andrefana, and Menabe suffered the brunt of the storm.[24]

The displaced people were relocated to 36 evacuation centers. About 241 settlements were totally destroyed, and 426 homes were damaged in addition to 15 schools.[25] Nineteen people were killed by the storm.[24] In response to the disaster, the World Food Programme (WFP) allocated rice, oil, mosquito nets, and other equipment to the affected areas,[26] in cooperation with the United States Agency for International Development (USAID).[24]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Bulletin for Cyclonic Activity and Significant Tropical Weather in the Southwest Indian Ocean (PDF) (Report). Météo-France. 24 December 2023. (PDF) from the original on 1 January 2024. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
  2. ^ Bulletin for Cyclonic Activity and Significant Tropical Weather in the Southwest Indian Ocean (PDF) (Report). Météo-France. 29 December 2023. (PDF) from the original on 1 January 2024. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
  3. ^ Tropical Disturbance 01 Warning Number (1/1/20232024) (PDF) (Report). Météo-France. 30 December 2023. (PDF) from the original on 1 January 2024. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
  4. ^ Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Indian Ocean, 12Z 30 December 2023 Reissued (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 30 December 2023. Archived from the original on 30 December 2023. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
  5. ^ Tropical Depression 01 Warning Number (6/1/20232024) (PDF) (Report). Météo-France. 31 December 2023. (PDF) from the original on 1 January 2024. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
  6. ^ Moderate Tropical Storm 1 (Alvaro) Warning Number (7/1/20232024) (PDF) (Report). Météo-France. 31 December 2023. (PDF) from the original on 1 January 2024. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
  7. ^ (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 31 December 2023. Archived from the original on 1 January 2024. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
  8. ^ Severe Tropical Storm 01 (Alvaro) Warning Number (10/1/20232024) (PDF) (Report). Météo-France. 1 January 2024. (PDF) from the original on 1 January 2024. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
  9. ^ (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 1 January 2024. Archived from the original on 1 January 2024. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
  10. ^ a b Severe Tropical Storm 01 (Alvaro) Warning Number (11/1/20232024) (PDF) (Report). Météo-France. 1 January 2024. (PDF) from the original on 1 January 2024. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
  11. ^ (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 1 January 2024. Archived from the original on 1 January 2024. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
  12. ^ Severe Tropical Storm 01 (Alvaro) Warning Number (12/1/20232024) (PDF) (Report). Météo France. 1 January 2024. (PDF) from the original on 1 January 2024. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
  13. ^ (Report) (in French). Météo Madagascar. 1 January 2024. Archived from the original on 1 January 2024. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
  14. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Cyclone 04S (Alvaro) Warning No. 4 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 2 January 2024. Archived from the original on 2 January 2024. Retrieved 2 January 2024.
  15. ^ Overland Depression 01 (Alvaro) Warning Number (15/1/20232024) (PDF) (Report). Météo-France. 2 January 2024. (PDF) from the original on 2 January 2024. Retrieved 2 January 2024.
  16. ^ Moderate Tropical Storm 01 (Alvaro) Warning Number (17/1/20232024) (PDF) (Report). Météo-France. 3 January 2024. (PDF) from the original on 3 January 2024. Retrieved 3 January 2024.
  17. ^ (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 3 January 2024. Archived from the original on 3 January 2024. Retrieved 3 January 2024.
  18. ^ Post-Tropical Depression 01 (Alvaro) Warning Number (20/1/20232024) (PDF) (Report). Météo-France. 3 January 2024. Retrieved 3 January 2024.
  19. ^ Post-Tropical Depression 01 (Alvaro) Warning Number (23/1/20232024) (PDF) (Report). Météo-France. 4 January 2024. (PDF) from the original on 5 January 2024. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
  20. ^ a b "Madgascar: Tropical Storm Alvaro formed in the Mozambique Channel, Dec. 31". Crisis24. 31 December 2023. from the original on 1 January 2024. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
  21. ^ (Report) (in French). Météo Madagascar. 1 January 2024. Archived from the original on 1 January 2024. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
  22. ^ "Le cyclone Alvaro quitte Morombe, des quartiers se retrouvent sous les eaux" [Cyclone Alvaro leaves Morombe, neighborhoods find themselves under water] (in French). linfo.re. 2 January 2024. from the original on 2 January 2024. Retrieved 2 January 2024.
  23. ^ Marek, Francine (2 January 2024). "Le Cyclone Alvaro est arrivé sur Madagascar" [Cyclone Alvaro arrived in Madagascar]. afrik.com (in French). from the original on 2 January 2024. Retrieved 2 January 2024.
  24. ^ a b c United States Embassy Antananarivo (10 January 2024). "U.S. Provides Assistance in Madagascar to Victims of Storm Alvaro". United States Embassy in Madagascar. from the original on 14 January 2024. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
  25. ^ "Madagascar - Tropical Cyclone ALVARO (GDACS, BNGRC, Meteo Madagascar) (ECHO Daily Flash of 5 January 2024)". European Commission's Directorate-General for European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations. 5 January 2024. from the original on 1 February 2024. Retrieved 5 January 2024 – via ReliefWeb.
  26. ^ Rakotobe, Narinda (5 January 2024). "Madagascar: Tempête Alvaro - Un bilan de 10 morts et 25 837 sinistrés" [Madagascar: Storm Alvaro - A toll of 10 dead and 25,837 victims]. Midi Madagasikara (in French). AllAfrica. from the original on 5 January 2024. Retrieved 5 January 2024.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Severe Tropical Storm Alvaro.

March 05, 2024
tropical, storm, alvaro, severe, tropical, cyclone, that, traversed, over, madagascar, during, year, first, named, storm, 2023, south, west, indian, ocean, cyclone, season, alvaro, originated, tropical, disturbance, mozambique, channel, being, forecasted, deve. Severe Tropical Storm Alvaro was a tropical cyclone that traversed over Madagascar during New Year s Day The first named storm of the 2023 24 South West Indian Ocean cyclone season Alvaro originated as a tropical disturbance at the Mozambique Channel Being forecasted to develop into a moderate tropical storm the disturbance was in a favorable environment for intensification Tracking southeast the system was upgraded into a tropical depression on December 31 It later intensified into a tropical storm receiving the name Alvaro Alvaro continued to move and intensify despite vertical wind shear On January 1 Alvaro further intensified into a severe tropical storm before making landfall over Morombe District Madagascar It weakened back to a tropical depression after passing over the mountainous terrain of the island nation Alvaro re entered again to the Indian Ocean and intensified back into a moderate tropical storm Shortly after reintensification strong wind shear prevented any further development of the storm Alvaro later transitioned into post tropical depression being last noted on January 4 Severe Tropical Storm Alvaro Severe Tropical Storm Alvaro near peak intensityMeteorological historyFormed30 December 2023Dissipated3 January 2024Severe tropical storm10 minute sustained MFR Highest winds110 km h 70 mph Lowest pressure985 hPa mbar 29 09 inHgTropical storm1 minute sustained SSHWS JTWC Highest winds110 km h 70 mph Lowest pressure985 hPa mbar 29 09 inHgOverall effectsFatalities19DamageUnknownAreas affectedMadagascar MozambiquePart of the 2023 24 South West Indian Ocean cyclone season Contents 1 Meteorological history 2 Preparations and impact 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksMeteorological history edit nbsp Map plotting the storm s track and intensity according to the Saffir Simpson scaleMap keySaffir Simpson scale Tropical depression 38 mph 62 km h Tropical storm 39 73 mph 63 118 km h Category 1 74 95 mph 119 153 km h Category 2 96 110 mph 154 177 km h Category 3 111 129 mph 178 208 km h Category 4 130 156 mph 209 251 km h Category 5 157 mph 252 km h Unknown Storm type nbsp Tropical cyclone nbsp Subtropical cyclone nbsp Extratropical cyclone remnant low tropical disturbance or monsoon depressionIn December 2023 the MFR began to monitor the potential for tropical cyclogenesis as Kelvin waves and Rossby waves intersect in the western portion of the agency s area of responsibility ahead of a wet phase of the Madden Julian oscillation a low was forecast to develop into a moderate tropical storm south of the Mozambique Channel in these conditions 1 By 29 December a monsoon trough had produced convection southeast of Beira Mozambique that spun as convergence of winds increases within the system s closed surface circulation 2 The next day the MFR classified the system as a tropical disturbance 3 and in addition the JTWC began monitoring the disturbance 4 Tracking southeast under the influence of a ridge the disturbance was further upgraded to a tropical depression by the MFR on December 31 5 The warm core further consolidated causing the system to intensify into a moderate tropical storm and receive the name Alvaro 6 Moreover the JTWC designated the storm as Tropical Cyclone 04S 7 During 1 January 2024 Alvaro s maintenance of a curved band and the emergence of an eye prompted the MFR to upgrade the system to a severe tropical storm as Alvaro continued to strengthen under favorable conditions despite vertical wind shear in the mid level troposphere 8 The storm grew a central dense overcast around its ragged inchoate eye while 269 km 167 mi east northeast of Europa Island continuing east southeast 9 Around 12 00 UTC both the MFR and JTWC stated that Alvaro had peaked with sustained winds of 110 km h 70 mph 10 11 the MFR also measured the system s lowest barometric pressure at 985 hPa 29 09 inHg 10 As the storm approached Madagascar the cloud top pattern slowly degraded as it warmed up with the eye gradually disappearing due to persistent wind shear 12 At 19 20 EAT 16 20 UTC that day Alvaro made landfall in Morombe District Madagascar bringing sustained winds of 140 km h 85 mph and gusts of 140 km h 85 mph 13 Alvaro rapidly weakened due to the mountainous terrain of the island nation with rainbands around the core no longer present 14 By 12 00 UTC of 2 January Alvaro weakened into an overland depression and exhibited the circulation to satellite imagery only retaining convection over the east quadrant 15 Alvaro re entered the Indian Ocean on 3 January re intensifying back into a moderate tropical storm 16 Shortly after however Alvaro would succumb to strong wind shear as mid level dry air invaded the storm despite substantial outflow boosted by a subtropical jet 17 By 18 00 UTC the MFR classified Alvaro as a post tropical depression after the storm had lost its tropical characteristics 18 The MFR issued its final bulletin on Alvaro on 4 January as the system interacted with the baroclinic zone 19 nbsp Tropical Depression Alvaro over eastern Madagascar on 2 January 2024 Preparations and impact editAnticipating Alvaro s landfall the meteorological service of Madagascar Meteo Madagascar raised a yellow alert for the districts of Morondava Manja Morombe and Toliara on 31 December 20 which would be upgraded to a red alert a day later as Alvaro made landfall 21 Mariners across Maintirano and Toliara were advised to stay out of sea 20 The mayor of Morombe reported property damage Several parts of the city were flooded and many residents evacuated from their homes using schools and outlying villages as accommodation sites 22 Areas of southern Madagascar reported uprooted trees torn roofs and damaged infrastructure necessitating international assistance 23 Nearly 33 000 people in Madagascar were affected by Alvaro with over 17 000 displaced The regions of Haute Matsiatra Atsimo Andrefana and Menabe suffered the brunt of the storm 24 The displaced people were relocated to 36 evacuation centers About 241 settlements were totally destroyed and 426 homes were damaged in addition to 15 schools 25 Nineteen people were killed by the storm 24 In response to the disaster the World Food Programme WFP allocated rice oil mosquito nets and other equipment to the affected areas 26 in cooperation with the United States Agency for International Development USAID 24 See also edit nbsp Tropical cyclones portal nbsp Madagascar portalTropical cyclones in 2024 Weather of 2024References edit Bulletin for Cyclonic Activity and Significant Tropical Weather in the Southwest Indian Ocean PDF Report Meteo France 24 December 2023 Archived PDF from the original on 1 January 2024 Retrieved 1 January 2024 Bulletin for Cyclonic Activity and Significant Tropical Weather in the Southwest Indian Ocean PDF Report Meteo France 29 December 2023 Archived PDF from the original on 1 January 2024 Retrieved 1 January 2024 Tropical Disturbance 01 Warning Number 1 1 20232024 PDF Report Meteo France 30 December 2023 Archived PDF from the original on 1 January 2024 Retrieved 1 January 2024 Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Indian Ocean 12Z 30 December 2023 Reissued Report United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center 30 December 2023 Archived from the original on 30 December 2023 Retrieved 1 January 2024 Tropical Depression 01 Warning Number 6 1 20232024 PDF Report Meteo France 31 December 2023 Archived PDF from the original on 1 January 2024 Retrieved 1 January 2024 Moderate Tropical Storm 1 Alvaro Warning Number 7 1 20232024 PDF Report Meteo France 31 December 2023 Archived PDF from the original on 1 January 2024 Retrieved 1 January 2024 Tropical Cyclone 04S Alvaro Warning No 1 Report United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center 31 December 2023 Archived from the original on 1 January 2024 Retrieved 1 January 2024 Severe Tropical Storm 01 Alvaro Warning Number 10 1 20232024 PDF Report Meteo France 1 January 2024 Archived PDF from the original on 1 January 2024 Retrieved 1 January 2024 Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Cyclone 04S Alvaro Warning No 3 Report United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center 1 January 2024 Archived from the original on 1 January 2024 Retrieved 1 January 2024 a b Severe Tropical Storm 01 Alvaro Warning Number 11 1 20232024 PDF Report Meteo France 1 January 2024 Archived PDF from the original on 1 January 2024 Retrieved 1 January 2024 Tropical Cyclone 04S Alvaro Warning No 3 Report United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center 1 January 2024 Archived from the original on 1 January 2024 Retrieved 1 January 2024 Severe Tropical Storm 01 Alvaro Warning Number 12 1 20232024 PDF Report Meteo France 1 January 2024 Archived PDF from the original on 1 January 2024 Retrieved 1 January 2024 Bulletin Cyclonique Special du 01 Janvier 2024 a 20 heures locales Report in French Meteo Madagascar 1 January 2024 Archived from the original on 1 January 2024 Retrieved 1 January 2024 Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Cyclone 04S Alvaro Warning No 4 Report United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center 2 January 2024 Archived from the original on 2 January 2024 Retrieved 2 January 2024 Overland Depression 01 Alvaro Warning Number 15 1 20232024 PDF Report Meteo France 2 January 2024 Archived PDF from the original on 2 January 2024 Retrieved 2 January 2024 Moderate Tropical Storm 01 Alvaro Warning Number 17 1 20232024 PDF Report Meteo France 3 January 2024 Archived PDF from the original on 3 January 2024 Retrieved 3 January 2024 Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Cyclone 04S Alvaro Warning No 7 Report United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center 3 January 2024 Archived from the original on 3 January 2024 Retrieved 3 January 2024 Post Tropical Depression 01 Alvaro Warning Number 20 1 20232024 PDF Report Meteo France 3 January 2024 Retrieved 3 January 2024 Post Tropical Depression 01 Alvaro Warning Number 23 1 20232024 PDF Report Meteo France 4 January 2024 Archived PDF from the original on 5 January 2024 Retrieved 5 January 2024 a b Madgascar Tropical Storm Alvaro formed in the Mozambique Channel Dec 31 Crisis24 31 December 2023 Archived from the original on 1 January 2024 Retrieved 1 January 2024 Bulletin Cyclonique Special du 01 Janvier 2024 a 20 heures locales Report in French Meteo Madagascar 1 January 2024 Archived from the original on 1 January 2024 Retrieved 1 January 2024 Le cyclone Alvaro quitte Morombe des quartiers se retrouvent sous les eaux Cyclone Alvaro leaves Morombe neighborhoods find themselves under water in French linfo re 2 January 2024 Archived from the original on 2 January 2024 Retrieved 2 January 2024 Marek Francine 2 January 2024 Le Cyclone Alvaro est arrive sur Madagascar Cyclone Alvaro arrived in Madagascar afrik com in French Archived from the original on 2 January 2024 Retrieved 2 January 2024 a b c United States Embassy Antananarivo 10 January 2024 U S Provides Assistance in Madagascar to Victims of Storm Alvaro United States Embassy in Madagascar Archived from the original on 14 January 2024 Retrieved 10 January 2024 Madagascar Tropical Cyclone ALVARO GDACS BNGRC Meteo Madagascar ECHO Daily Flash of 5 January 2024 European Commission s Directorate General for European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations 5 January 2024 Archived from the original on 1 February 2024 Retrieved 5 January 2024 via ReliefWeb Rakotobe Narinda 5 January 2024 Madagascar Tempete Alvaro Un bilan de 10 morts et 25 837 sinistres Madagascar Storm Alvaro A toll of 10 dead and 25 837 victims Midi Madagasikara in French AllAfrica Archived from the original on 5 January 2024 Retrieved 5 January 2024 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Severe Tropical Storm Alvaro MFR Track Data of Severe Tropical Storm Alvaro in French JTWC Best Track Data of Tropical Cyclone 04S Alvaro 04S AlVARO from the United States Naval Research Laboratory Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Tropical Storm Alvaro amp oldid 1209894803, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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