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Trogonoptera brookiana

Trogonoptera brookiana, Rajah Brooke's birdwing, is a birdwing butterfly from the rainforests of the Thai-Malay Peninsula, Borneo, Natuna, Sumatra, and various small islands west of Sumatra (Banyak, Simeulue, Batu and Mentawai).[4][5] The butterfly was named by the naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace in 1855, after James Brooke, the Rajah of Sarawak.[5] The larval host plants are Aristolochia acuminata and A. foveolata.[6] Adults sip flower nectar from plants such as Bauhinia.[5] Rajah Brooke's birdwing is a protected species, listed under Appendix II of CITES,[6][7] meaning that international export is restricted to those who have been granted a permit. It is the national butterfly of Malaysia.[8]

Rajah Brooke's birdwing
Trogonoptera brookiana albescens
Adult male (above) and female, dorsal surfaces
CITES Appendix II (CITES)[2]
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Papilionidae
Genus: Trogonoptera
Species:
T. brookiana
Binomial name
Trogonoptera brookiana
Wallace, 1855
Synonyms
  • Ornithoptera brookiana Wallace, 1855[3]
  • Troides brookiana

Description edit

Both sexes resemble the more restricted relative, the Palawan birdwing, but males of Rajah Brooke's birdwing have more green to the hindwings. The wingspan of Rajah Brooke's birdwing is 15–17 cm (5.9–6.7 in).[6] The wings of males are mainly black. Each forewing has seven tooth-shaped electric-green markings, while there is a relatively large electric-green patch on the hindwings. The head is bright red and the body is black with red markings. The wings of females are browner with prominent white flashes at the tips of the forewings and at the base of the hindwings.[6]

Taxonomy edit

Genus: Trogonoptera Rippon, 1890

Species: Trogonoptera brookiana Wallace, 1855
Subspecies: Trogonoptera brookiana brookiana (Wallace, 1855)
Form: Trogonoptera brookiana brookiana f. brookiana Wallace, 1855
Form: Trogonoptera brookiana brookiana f. julijae S.Hu, 2007
Subspecies: Trogonoptera brookiana toshikii Kobayashi, 1991
Subspecies: Trogonoptera brookiana akikoa Morita, 1994
Species: Trogonoptera trojana Honrath, 1886

Illustrations edit

 
Two males at Kuala Woh

References edit

  1. ^ Böhm, M. (2018). "Trogonoptera brookiana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T91184152A91184305. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T91184152A91184305.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. ^ "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
  3. ^ Wallace, Alfred Russel (1855). "Description of a new Species of Ornithoptera. Ornithoptera brookiana. Wallace". The Transactions of the Entomological Society of London. New Series. 3: 104–105.
  4. ^ The World of Birdwing Butterflies. Trogonoptera brookiana. Accessed 20 May 2012
  5. ^ a b c ARKive Rajah Brooke’s birdwing. 2008-05-16 at the Wayback Machine Accessed 20 May 2012
  6. ^ a b c d Butterfly Corner. Trogonoptera brookiana (Raja Brooke's Birdwing). Accessed 20 May 2012
  7. ^ CITES (3 April 2012) Appendices. Accessed
  8. ^ Butterflies of Malaysia. Accessed 20 May 2012
  • Goh, D (1994). "Life history of Trogonoptera brookiana albescens in Malaysia (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)" (PDF). Tropical Leidoptera. 5 (1): 1–5.

Further reading edit

  • Phon, Chooi-Khim; Kirton, Laurence G.; Norma-Rashid, Yusoff (2019-08-13). "Trogonoptera brookiana mollumar d'Abrera, Doggett & Parker, 1976 (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae), a subspecies or a synonym?". European Journal of Taxonomy (544). doi:10.5852/ejt.2019.544. ISSN 2118-9773.
  • Han, Z. W.; Niu, S. C.; Shang, C. H.; Liu, Z. N.; Ren, L. Q. (2012). "Light trapping structures in wing scales of butterfly Trogonoptera brookiana". Nanoscale. 4 (9): 2879–2883. Bibcode:2012Nanos...4.2879H. doi:10.1039/c2nr12059c. PMID 22374349.
  • Wilts, B.; Giraldo, M. A.; Stavegna, D. G. (2016). "Unique wing scale photonics of male Rajah Brooke's birdwing butterflies". Frontiers in Zoology. 13 (36): 36. doi:10.1186/s12983-016-0168-7. PMC 4983073. PMID 27525030.

trogonoptera, brookiana, rajah, brooke, birdwing, birdwing, butterfly, from, rainforests, thai, malay, peninsula, borneo, natuna, sumatra, various, small, islands, west, sumatra, banyak, simeulue, batu, mentawai, butterfly, named, naturalist, alfred, russel, w. Trogonoptera brookiana Rajah Brooke s birdwing is a birdwing butterfly from the rainforests of the Thai Malay Peninsula Borneo Natuna Sumatra and various small islands west of Sumatra Banyak Simeulue Batu and Mentawai 4 5 The butterfly was named by the naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace in 1855 after James Brooke the Rajah of Sarawak 5 The larval host plants are Aristolochia acuminata and A foveolata 6 Adults sip flower nectar from plants such as Bauhinia 5 Rajah Brooke s birdwing is a protected species listed under Appendix II of CITES 6 7 meaning that international export is restricted to those who have been granted a permit It is the national butterfly of Malaysia 8 Rajah Brooke s birdwing Trogonoptera brookiana albescens Adult male above and female dorsal surfaces Conservation status Least Concern IUCN 3 1 1 CITES Appendix II CITES 2 Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Arthropoda Class Insecta Order Lepidoptera Family Papilionidae Genus Trogonoptera Species T brookiana Binomial name Trogonoptera brookianaWallace 1855 Synonyms Ornithoptera brookiana Wallace 1855 3 Troides brookiana Contents 1 Description 2 Taxonomy 3 Illustrations 4 References 5 Further readingDescription editBoth sexes resemble the more restricted relative the Palawan birdwing but males of Rajah Brooke s birdwing have more green to the hindwings The wingspan of Rajah Brooke s birdwing is 15 17 cm 5 9 6 7 in 6 The wings of males are mainly black Each forewing has seven tooth shaped electric green markings while there is a relatively large electric green patch on the hindwings The head is bright red and the body is black with red markings The wings of females are browner with prominent white flashes at the tips of the forewings and at the base of the hindwings 6 Taxonomy editGenus Trogonoptera Rippon 1890 Species Trogonoptera brookiana Wallace 1855Subspecies Trogonoptera brookiana brookiana Wallace 1855 Form Trogonoptera brookiana brookiana f brookiana Wallace 1855 Form Trogonoptera brookiana brookiana f julijae S Hu 2007 dd Subspecies Trogonoptera brookiana toshikii Kobayashi 1991 Subspecies Trogonoptera brookiana akikoa Morita 1994 dd Species Trogonoptera trojana Honrath 1886Illustrations edit nbsp Two males at Kuala Woh nbsp Males from Icones Ornithopterorum volume 2 nbsp Male bottom References edit Bohm M 2018 Trogonoptera brookiana IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018 e T91184152A91184305 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2018 1 RLTS T91184152A91184305 en Retrieved 19 November 2021 Appendices CITES cites org Retrieved 2022 01 14 Wallace Alfred Russel 1855 Description of a new Species of Ornithoptera Ornithoptera brookiana Wallace The Transactions of the Entomological Society of London New Series 3 104 105 The World of Birdwing Butterflies Trogonoptera brookiana Accessed 20 May 2012 a b c ARKive Rajah Brooke s birdwing Archived 2008 05 16 at the Wayback Machine Accessed 20 May 2012 a b c d Butterfly Corner Trogonoptera brookiana Raja Brooke s Birdwing Accessed 20 May 2012 CITES 3 April 2012 Appendices Accessed Butterflies of Malaysia Accessed 20 May 2012 Goh D 1994 Life history of Trogonoptera brookiana albescens in Malaysia Lepidoptera Papilionidae PDF Tropical Leidoptera 5 1 1 5 Further reading edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Trogonoptera brookiana nbsp Wikispecies has information related to Trogonoptera brookiana Phon Chooi Khim Kirton Laurence G Norma Rashid Yusoff 2019 08 13 Trogonoptera brookiana mollumar d Abrera Doggett amp Parker 1976 Lepidoptera Papilionidae a subspecies or a synonym European Journal of Taxonomy 544 doi 10 5852 ejt 2019 544 ISSN 2118 9773 Han Z W Niu S C Shang C H Liu Z N Ren L Q 2012 Light trapping structures in wing scales of butterfly Trogonoptera brookiana Nanoscale 4 9 2879 2883 Bibcode 2012Nanos 4 2879H doi 10 1039 c2nr12059c PMID 22374349 Wilts B Giraldo M A Stavegna D G 2016 Unique wing scale photonics of male Rajah Brooke s birdwing butterflies Frontiers in Zoology 13 36 36 doi 10 1186 s12983 016 0168 7 PMC 4983073 PMID 27525030 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Trogonoptera brookiana amp oldid 1219555585, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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