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Trishul (missile)

January 01, 1970

Trishul (IAST: triśūla "Trident") is a low-level quick-reaction short range surface-to-air missile developed in India by Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) as part of the Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP). It can also be used as an anti-sea skimmer from naval ship against low flying missile, attack helicopter and aircraft.[4][5]

Trishul
TypeSurface-to-air missile
Place of originIndia
Production history
DesignerDefence Research and Development Organisation
ManufacturerBharat Dynamics Limited
Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited
Specifications
Mass130 kg (290 lb)
Length3 m (9.8 ft)
Diameter200 cm (79 in)
WarheadPre-fragmented warhead
Warhead weight15 kg (33 lb)[1]
EngineDual-thrust solid-propellant rocket[2]
PropellantSolid fuel
Operational
range
  • 300 m (980 ft) to 9 km (5.6 mi)[3]
  • 11 km (6.8 mi)
Maximum speed Mach 2
Guidance
system
Command to line-of-sight
Launch
platform

In 2008, Minister of Defence A. K. Antony officially announced the closure of the project on a written reply to Rajya Sabha after completion of Technology Demonstration (TD) phase.[6] The development cost of Trishul Project was ₹2.826 billion (US$35 million).[7]

History and development edit

The Trishul missile project was commissioned in 1983 as a part of Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme. The primary objective was to produce short range surface to air missile with a reaction time below 6 seconds. In 1985, Trishul made its first unguided flight from Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota. The missile made its first full range guided flight in 1989 but without television guidance (TVM) which was originally planned.[8][9] Indian Army and Indian Air Force (IAF) wanted Trishul to replace the Soviet-era 9K33 Osa. On the other hand, Indian Navy wanted to purchase Barak 1 and Kashtan CIWS for point-defence role since Pakistan began acquiring Harpoon and Exocet from 1980s. By the late 1990's, DRDO pushed Trishul as an alternative to Barak 1 for Indian Navy. One of the biggest challenge faced by DRDO is to make Trishul skim just 5 meters above the sea waves at supersonic speed.[10]

The project was planned to be completed by 1992 and to be fitted in Brahmaputra-class frigates as an anti-sea skimmer. In 1992, the missile was successfully fired reaching Mach 2 speed following a predetermined trajectory against a target mounted 7 meter above sea but variation in altimeter led to test failure. In 1997, the associated radar systems for detecting the incoming sea-skimmer were operational at INS Dronacharya, but Indian Navy expressed its displeasure in the developmental delay of Trishul for the Brahmaputra-class frigates and finally opted for Barak 1. Trishul was unable to complete all the static trials from a fixed launcher until 1998.[10] By May 1998, Bharat Dynamics Limited (BDL) was able to produce Trishul while the 27 tonne launch system was developed by Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL). The first missile produced by BDL was test fired against Northrop BQM-74 Chukar in June.[8]

Upon reviewed by DRDO and the Indian Armed Forces in October 2001, the missile system was found deficient as the tracking radar beam was getting intermittent breaks resulting in the missile missing the target and the heavy BMP-2 chassis did not meet the General Staff Qualitative Requirements (GSQRs) for swift mobility due to heavy weight.[11] On 25 January 2002, the naval variant of Trishul was test fired from INS Dronacharya but failed at sea-skimming capability.[12]

In 2003, Government of India announced that the missile will be a technology demonstrator and de-linked it from Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme.[13] But Ministry of Defence (MoD) was not interested in downgrading the Trishul Missile project. After modification in guidance, sub-systems and propellant composition, four missiles in full combat configuration was launched from BMP-2 from June 22 to June 25, 2003. The test achieved miss distance against moving targets above the specified requirement of the Indian Armed Forces. All the sub-systems, air frames, controls, integrated with ground control system of the combat vehicle worked well.[14] By this time Trishul became more of a research and development oriented project instead of a user driven one backed by the armed forces.[4] Trishul was successfully test fired from Integrated Test Range (ITR) on 10 February, 26 March and 27 March of 2004.[15][16] On 5 October 2005, Trishul fired towards the sea from ITR was able to hit a pilot-less target aircraft.[17]

Until October 2006, 80 flight tests were already completed and DRDO was in dialogue with the IAF for user trials and induction.[5][9] In 2006, Minister of Defence Pranab Mukherjee granted one year extension to Trishul project. Due to project delays, and modification of GSQRs and operational requirements over time, Trishul no longer able to meet the need of the end users. For continuation of the project and funding, it was proposed that the missile will be deployed in certain locations to conduct training, fire control, and air defence practice. As per Ministry of Defence (MoD), Trishul Project met the performance parameters set by the original GSQRs but failed to achieve the perfect three-beam guidance and development of millimeter-wave active radar homing seeker.[18] The team of 200 scientists working on Trishul were reassigned for Barak 8, a joint project between DRDO and Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI).[9] IAF finally selected SPYDER as an alternative to Trishul.[19] To fulfill IAF requirement, DRDO made another attempt with MBDA on a joint project called Maitri.[20] But it got cancelled due to lack of interest.[21] All the proven technologies and learning from Trishul later helped DRDO in QRSAM and VL-SRSAM. People who worked on Trishul and Barak 8 termed the basic design flaw as one of the many reasons behind the project failure.[10]

Characteristics edit

Trishul has a range between 300 m (980 ft) to 9 km (5.6 mi).[15] DRDO also made an enhanced 11 km (6.8 mi) range variant for the Indian Air Force.[9] It is powered by a Dual-thrust propulsion stage using high-energy solid propellant.[2] Trishul weighs 130 kg (290 lb) and is capable of carrying a 15 kg (33 lb) warhead. Trishul is 3 m in length and 20 cm in diameter. The modified naval variant use command to line-of-sight guidance mechanism. The missile can be employed against sea skimmers with a fire control radar. Trishul flies at supersonic speed. It has a low altitude radio altimeter and height lock loop control.[17]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ "Trishul missile test-fired successfully". Business Standard. PTI. 19 January 2013. Retrieved 14 December 2021.
  2. ^ a b "About Trishul". DRDO. Retrieved 30 November 2015.
  3. ^ "Timeline of India's missile development programme". The Hindu. 2 June 2017. Retrieved 14 December 2021.
  4. ^ a b M, Anantha Krishnan (8 July 2003). "DRDO says Trishul is alive and kicking". The Times of India. Retrieved 20 May 2022.
  5. ^ a b "Govt denies Trishul being wound up". Outlook India. 29 November 2006. Retrieved 14 December 2021.
  6. ^ "Development of Trishul missile system completed: Antony". The Economic Times. 27 February 2008. Retrieved 14 December 2021.
  7. ^ "Govt announces closure of work on Trishul missile". Times of India. 27 February 2008.
  8. ^ a b Hiranandani, Vice Adm (Retd) GM (8 April 2015). "Indian Navy: Anti Missile Defence Systems". Indian Defence Review. Retrieved 14 December 2021.
  9. ^ a b c d "Trishul gets another lease of life". The Times of India. 18 October 2006. Retrieved 9 May 2022.
  10. ^ a b c Unnithan, Sandeep (30 October 2006). "Trishul missile's tardy progress stains DRDO image". India Today. Retrieved 14 December 2021.
  11. ^ Kumar, Neha (31 January 2008). "DRDO's Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme". Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
  12. ^ "Trishul missile test fired". Telegraph India. 30 January 2002. Retrieved 14 December 2021.
  13. ^ Unnithan, Sandeep (30 October 2006). "Trishul missile's tardy progress stains DRDO image". India Today. Retrieved 14 December 2021.
  14. ^ Pandit, Rajat (9 July 2013). "'Trishul' project is back on course: Defence ministry". Times of India. Retrieved 14 December 2021.
  15. ^ a b "Short range missile-Trishul test fired". The Economic Times. PTI. 10 February 2004. Retrieved 14 December 2021.
  16. ^ "India tests Trishul missile for second time in two days". Gulf News. 27 March 2004. Retrieved 14 December 2021.
  17. ^ a b "Trishul successfully test fired". Outlook. 5 October 2005. Retrieved 14 December 2021.
  18. ^ "Trishul missile programme not a failure: Antony". One India. 17 May 2007. Retrieved 14 December 2021.
  19. ^ Dubey, Ajit Kumar (28 February 2017). "India prepares Israeli SPYDER air defence missile system for Pakistan border". India Today. Retrieved 14 December 2021.
  20. ^ "France hopeful of $6-billion Maitri missile project". The Economic Times. 28 December 2014. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
  21. ^ "Rs 30,000 cr Indo-French missile develeopment plan in troubled waters". The Economic Times. 3 August 2014. Retrieved 15 December 2021.

External links edit

Technical:

  • DRDO Technology Focus : Warhead for Missiles, Torpedoes and Rockets

January 01, 1970
trishul, missile, trishul, iast, triśūla, trident, level, quick, reaction, short, range, surface, missile, developed, india, defence, research, development, organisation, drdo, part, integrated, guided, missile, development, programme, igmdp, also, used, anti,. Trishul IAST trisula Trident is a low level quick reaction short range surface to air missile developed in India by Defence Research and Development Organisation DRDO as part of the Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme IGMDP It can also be used as an anti sea skimmer from naval ship against low flying missile attack helicopter and aircraft 4 5 TrishulTypeSurface to air missilePlace of originIndiaProduction historyDesignerDefence Research and Development OrganisationManufacturerBharat Dynamics LimitedBharat Heavy Electricals LimitedSpecificationsMass130 kg 290 lb Length3 m 9 8 ft Diameter200 cm 79 in WarheadPre fragmented warheadWarhead weight15 kg 33 lb 1 EngineDual thrust solid propellant rocket 2 PropellantSolid fuelOperationalrange300 m 980 ft to 9 km 5 6 mi 3 11 km 6 8 mi Maximum speedMach 2GuidancesystemCommand to line of sightLaunchplatformBMP 2 chassis Truck Surface ship In 2008 Minister of Defence A K Antony officially announced the closure of the project on a written reply to Rajya Sabha after completion of Technology Demonstration TD phase 6 The development cost of Trishul Project was 2 826 billion US 35 million 7 Contents 1 History and development 2 Characteristics 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksHistory and development editThe Trishul missile project was commissioned in 1983 as a part of Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme The primary objective was to produce short range surface to air missile with a reaction time below 6 seconds In 1985 Trishul made its first unguided flight from Satish Dhawan Space Centre Sriharikota The missile made its first full range guided flight in 1989 but without television guidance TVM which was originally planned 8 9 Indian Army and Indian Air Force IAF wanted Trishul to replace the Soviet era 9K33 Osa On the other hand Indian Navy wanted to purchase Barak 1 and Kashtan CIWS for point defence role since Pakistan began acquiring Harpoon and Exocet from 1980s By the late 1990 s DRDO pushed Trishul as an alternative to Barak 1 for Indian Navy One of the biggest challenge faced by DRDO is to make Trishul skim just 5 meters above the sea waves at supersonic speed 10 The project was planned to be completed by 1992 and to be fitted in Brahmaputra class frigates as an anti sea skimmer In 1992 the missile was successfully fired reaching Mach 2 speed following a predetermined trajectory against a target mounted 7 meter above sea but variation in altimeter led to test failure In 1997 the associated radar systems for detecting the incoming sea skimmer were operational at INS Dronacharya but Indian Navy expressed its displeasure in the developmental delay of Trishul for the Brahmaputra class frigates and finally opted for Barak 1 Trishul was unable to complete all the static trials from a fixed launcher until 1998 10 By May 1998 Bharat Dynamics Limited BDL was able to produce Trishul while the 27 tonne launch system was developed by Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited BHEL The first missile produced by BDL was test fired against Northrop BQM 74 Chukar in June 8 Upon reviewed by DRDO and the Indian Armed Forces in October 2001 the missile system was found deficient as the tracking radar beam was getting intermittent breaks resulting in the missile missing the target and the heavy BMP 2 chassis did not meet the General Staff Qualitative Requirements GSQRs for swift mobility due to heavy weight 11 On 25 January 2002 the naval variant of Trishul was test fired from INS Dronacharya but failed at sea skimming capability 12 In 2003 Government of India announced that the missile will be a technology demonstrator and de linked it from Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme 13 But Ministry of Defence MoD was not interested in downgrading the Trishul Missile project After modification in guidance sub systems and propellant composition four missiles in full combat configuration was launched from BMP 2 from June 22 to June 25 2003 The test achieved miss distance against moving targets above the specified requirement of the Indian Armed Forces All the sub systems air frames controls integrated with ground control system of the combat vehicle worked well 14 By this time Trishul became more of a research and development oriented project instead of a user driven one backed by the armed forces 4 Trishul was successfully test fired from Integrated Test Range ITR on 10 February 26 March and 27 March of 2004 15 16 On 5 October 2005 Trishul fired towards the sea from ITR was able to hit a pilot less target aircraft 17 Until October 2006 80 flight tests were already completed and DRDO was in dialogue with the IAF for user trials and induction 5 9 In 2006 Minister of Defence Pranab Mukherjee granted one year extension to Trishul project Due to project delays and modification of GSQRs and operational requirements over time Trishul no longer able to meet the need of the end users For continuation of the project and funding it was proposed that the missile will be deployed in certain locations to conduct training fire control and air defence practice As per Ministry of Defence MoD Trishul Project met the performance parameters set by the original GSQRs but failed to achieve the perfect three beam guidance and development of millimeter wave active radar homing seeker 18 The team of 200 scientists working on Trishul were reassigned for Barak 8 a joint project between DRDO and Israel Aerospace Industries IAI 9 IAF finally selected SPYDER as an alternative to Trishul 19 To fulfill IAF requirement DRDO made another attempt with MBDA on a joint project called Maitri 20 But it got cancelled due to lack of interest 21 All the proven technologies and learning from Trishul later helped DRDO in QRSAM and VL SRSAM People who worked on Trishul and Barak 8 termed the basic design flaw as one of the many reasons behind the project failure 10 Characteristics editTrishul has a range between 300 m 980 ft to 9 km 5 6 mi 15 DRDO also made an enhanced 11 km 6 8 mi range variant for the Indian Air Force 9 It is powered by a Dual thrust propulsion stage using high energy solid propellant 2 Trishul weighs 130 kg 290 lb and is capable of carrying a 15 kg 33 lb warhead Trishul is 3 m in length and 20 cm in diameter The modified naval variant use command to line of sight guidance mechanism The missile can be employed against sea skimmers with a fire control radar Trishul flies at supersonic speed It has a low altitude radio altimeter and height lock loop control 17 See also edit nbsp India portal nbsp Rocketry portal Maitri missile India QRSAM India VL SRSAM India HISAR surface to air missile system Turkey Raad air defense system Iran Sayyad 4 Iran Mersad Iran Bavar 373 Iran Khordad 15 air defense system Iran References edit Trishul missile test fired successfully Business Standard PTI 19 January 2013 Retrieved 14 December 2021 a b About Trishul DRDO Retrieved 30 November 2015 Timeline of India s missile development programme The Hindu 2 June 2017 Retrieved 14 December 2021 a b M Anantha Krishnan 8 July 2003 DRDO says Trishul is alive and kicking The Times of India Retrieved 20 May 2022 a b Govt denies Trishul being wound up Outlook India 29 November 2006 Retrieved 14 December 2021 Development of Trishul missile system completed Antony The Economic Times 27 February 2008 Retrieved 14 December 2021 Govt announces closure of work on Trishul missile Times of India 27 February 2008 a b Hiranandani Vice Adm Retd GM 8 April 2015 Indian Navy Anti Missile Defence Systems Indian Defence Review Retrieved 14 December 2021 a b c d Trishul gets another lease of life The Times of India 18 October 2006 Retrieved 9 May 2022 a b c Unnithan Sandeep 30 October 2006 Trishul missile s tardy progress stains DRDO image India Today Retrieved 14 December 2021 Kumar Neha 31 January 2008 DRDO s Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies Retrieved 15 December 2021 Trishul missile test fired Telegraph India 30 January 2002 Retrieved 14 December 2021 Unnithan Sandeep 30 October 2006 Trishul missile s tardy progress stains DRDO image India Today Retrieved 14 December 2021 Pandit Rajat 9 July 2013 Trishul project is back on course Defence ministry Times of India Retrieved 14 December 2021 a b Short range missile Trishul test fired The Economic Times PTI 10 February 2004 Retrieved 14 December 2021 India tests Trishul missile for second time in two days Gulf News 27 March 2004 Retrieved 14 December 2021 a b Trishul successfully test fired Outlook 5 October 2005 Retrieved 14 December 2021 Trishul missile programme not a failure Antony One India 17 May 2007 Retrieved 14 December 2021 Dubey Ajit Kumar 28 February 2017 India prepares Israeli SPYDER air defence missile system for Pakistan border India Today Retrieved 14 December 2021 France hopeful of 6 billion Maitri missile project The Economic Times 28 December 2014 Retrieved 15 December 2021 Rs 30 000 cr Indo French missile develeopment plan in troubled waters The Economic Times 3 August 2014 Retrieved 15 December 2021 External links editTechnical DRDO Technology Focus Warhead for Missiles Torpedoes and Rockets Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Trishul missile amp oldid 1223696508, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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