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Traumatic stress

February 12, 2024

Traumatic stress is a common term for reactive anxiety and depression, although it is not a medical term and is not included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). The experience of traumatic stress include subtypes of anxiety, depression and disturbance of conduct along with combinations of these symptoms. This may result from events that are less threatening and distressing than those that lead to post-traumatic stress disorder. The fifth edition of the DSM describes in a section titled "Trauma and Stress-Related Disorders" disinhibited social engagement disorder, reactive attachment disorder, acute stress disorder, adjustment disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder.[1]

Symptoms edit

Symptoms of traumatic stress can be both physical and emotional. Physical symptoms include trembling, shaking, a pounding heart, rapid breathing, choking feelings, stomach tightening/churning, dizziness/faintness, and cold sweats.[2] Emotional symptoms include racing thoughts and excessive feelings of shock, disbelief, fear, sadness, helplessness, guilt, anger, shame and anxiety.[2] Furthermore, many people revert to certain coping mechanisms.[3] In children, that may include a loss of being able to take care of themselves (no longer able to eat on their own or be toilet trained).[3] In adults, there can be an increase in impulsive behavior and dependence on others (leading to an inability for them to make "thoughtful, autonomous decisions".[3]

Types edit

Dis-inhibited social engagement disorder edit

Further information: Disinhibited social engagement disorder

Dis-inhibited social engagement disorder is a stress-related disorder stemming from neglect during childhood.[4] According to Erikson's work on the stages of psychosocial development, the psycho-social crisis of trust versus mistrust during infancy causes neglect during that period to have permanent effects because a neglected infant does not learn to trust his parent(s). Feelings of mistrust and anxiety may eventually lead to traumatic stress, especially through dis-inhibited social engagement disorder, among others.[5] Symptom persistence is necessary for a diagnosis of dis-inhibited social engagement disorder: specific symptoms must be present for at least twelve months.

Reactive attachment disorder edit

Further information: Reactive attachment disorder

Reactive attachment disorder is a trauma disorder that arises when a parent does not console an upset child. A repetition of this behavior causes sadness, irritability, and fear, which can then lead to the disorder.[6] A cluster of symptoms relating to indiscriminate behaviors is regarded as dis-inhibited social engagement disorder rather than reactive attachment disorder; symptoms of reactive attachment disorder must be inhibited. Both dis-inhibited social engagement disorder and reactive attachment disorder are related to severe pathogenic care.[7][8]

Acute stress disorder edit

Further information: Acute stress reaction

Another disorder in this category is acute stress disorder, which is listed in DSM-5 under code 308.3, ICD-10, F43.0. According to the DSM-5 "Acute Stress Disorder is caused by trauma (traumatic stress) and lasts at least 3 days."[9]

Adjustment disorder edit

Further information: Adjustment disorder

Another disorder in this category is adjustment disorder DSM-5 code 309, ICD-10, F43-2. "Adjustment disorder is a manipulative reaction to identifiable psycho-social stressor(s) or life change(s) characterized by preoccupation with the stressor and failure to adapt."[6]

Post-traumatic stress disorder edit

Further information: Post-traumatic stress disorder

The last disorder listed in the DSM-5 is post-traumatic stress disorder. "Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder that can occur in people who have experienced or witnessed a traumatic event such as a natural disaster, a serious accident, a terrorist act, war/combat, rape or other violent personal assault."[10] Post-traumatic stress disorder can affect people of all ages, including children as young as 2.[11]

References edit

  1. ^ "Trauma and Stressor-related disorders with DSM-5 & ICD 10 codes". TraumaDissociation.com. Retrieved 2019-09-06.
  2. ^ a b Smith M, Robinson L, Segal J. "Traumatic Stress". HelpGuide.org. Retrieved 2019-09-06.
  3. ^ a b c Traumatic stress : the effects of overwhelming experience on mind, body, and society. Van der Kolk, Bessel A., 1943-, McFarlane, Alexander C., Weisæth, Lars. (Paperback ed.). New York: Guilford Press. 2007. ISBN 9781572304574. OCLC 76273307.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  4. ^ American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing. pp. 5–25. ISBN 978-0-89042-555-8.
  5. ^ Santrock JW (September 2018). Essentials of life-span development. ISBN 9781260054309. OCLC 1048028379.
  6. ^ a b Black D (2014). DSM-5 Guidebook: The Essential Companion to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. American Psychiatric Publishing. ISBN 9781585624652.
  7. ^ Lehmann S, Monette S, Egger H, Breivik K, Young D, Davidson C, Minnis H (September 2018). "Development and Examination of the Reactive Attachment Disorder and Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder Assessment Interview". Assessment. 27 (4): 749–765. doi:10.1177/1073191118797422. PMC 7227130. PMID 30175603.
  8. ^ Lehmann S, Breivik K, Heiervang ER, Havik T, Havik OE (April 2016). "Reactive Attachment Disorder and Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder in School-Aged Foster Children--A Confirmatory Approach to Dimensional Measures". Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 44 (3): 445–57. doi:10.1007/s10802-015-0045-4. PMC 4785216. PMID 26126635.
  9. ^ Black DW, Grant JE (2014-02-01). DSM-5 Guidebook: The Essential Companion to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. American Psychiatric Pub. ISBN 9781585624652.
  10. ^ Parekh R (January 2017). "What Is PTSD?". American Psychiatric Association. Retrieved 2019-09-07.
  11. ^ National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health (2005). Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: The Management of PTSD in Adults and Children in Primary and Secondary Care. NICE Clinical Guidelines, No. 26. Leicester (UK): Gaskell.

Further reading edit

  • Ciccarelli S, White JN (August 2013). Psychology: An Exploration with DSM-5 Update. Pearson. ISBN 978-0-205-97960-8.
  • "International Classification of Diseases" (ICD-11 Revision ed.). World Health Organization. 2014. Retrieved 16 November 2014.

February 12, 2024
traumatic, stress, common, term, reactive, anxiety, depression, although, medical, term, included, diagnostic, statistical, manual, mental, disorders, experience, traumatic, stress, include, subtypes, anxiety, depression, disturbance, conduct, along, with, com. Traumatic stress is a common term for reactive anxiety and depression although it is not a medical term and is not included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM The experience of traumatic stress include subtypes of anxiety depression and disturbance of conduct along with combinations of these symptoms This may result from events that are less threatening and distressing than those that lead to post traumatic stress disorder The fifth edition of the DSM describes in a section titled Trauma and Stress Related Disorders disinhibited social engagement disorder reactive attachment disorder acute stress disorder adjustment disorder and post traumatic stress disorder 1 Contents 1 Symptoms 2 Types 2 1 Dis inhibited social engagement disorder 2 2 Reactive attachment disorder 2 3 Acute stress disorder 2 4 Adjustment disorder 2 5 Post traumatic stress disorder 3 References 4 Further readingSymptoms editSymptoms of traumatic stress can be both physical and emotional Physical symptoms include trembling shaking a pounding heart rapid breathing choking feelings stomach tightening churning dizziness faintness and cold sweats 2 Emotional symptoms include racing thoughts and excessive feelings of shock disbelief fear sadness helplessness guilt anger shame and anxiety 2 Furthermore many people revert to certain coping mechanisms 3 In children that may include a loss of being able to take care of themselves no longer able to eat on their own or be toilet trained 3 In adults there can be an increase in impulsive behavior and dependence on others leading to an inability for them to make thoughtful autonomous decisions 3 Types editDis inhibited social engagement disorder edit Further information Disinhibited social engagement disorderDis inhibited social engagement disorder is a stress related disorder stemming from neglect during childhood 4 According to Erikson s work on the stages of psychosocial development the psycho social crisis of trust versus mistrust during infancy causes neglect during that period to have permanent effects because a neglected infant does not learn to trust his parent s Feelings of mistrust and anxiety may eventually lead to traumatic stress especially through dis inhibited social engagement disorder among others 5 Symptom persistence is necessary for a diagnosis of dis inhibited social engagement disorder specific symptoms must be present for at least twelve months Reactive attachment disorder edit Further information Reactive attachment disorderReactive attachment disorder is a trauma disorder that arises when a parent does not console an upset child A repetition of this behavior causes sadness irritability and fear which can then lead to the disorder 6 A cluster of symptoms relating to indiscriminate behaviors is regarded as dis inhibited social engagement disorder rather than reactive attachment disorder symptoms of reactive attachment disorder must be inhibited Both dis inhibited social engagement disorder and reactive attachment disorder are related to severe pathogenic care 7 8 Acute stress disorder edit Further information Acute stress reactionAnother disorder in this category is acute stress disorder which is listed in DSM 5 under code 308 3 ICD 10 F43 0 According to the DSM 5 Acute Stress Disorder is caused by trauma traumatic stress and lasts at least 3 days 9 Adjustment disorder edit Further information Adjustment disorderAnother disorder in this category is adjustment disorder DSM 5 code 309 ICD 10 F43 2 Adjustment disorder is a manipulative reaction to identifiable psycho social stressor s or life change s characterized by preoccupation with the stressor and failure to adapt 6 Post traumatic stress disorder edit Further information Post traumatic stress disorderThe last disorder listed in the DSM 5 is post traumatic stress disorder Post traumatic stress disorder PTSD is a psychiatric disorder that can occur in people who have experienced or witnessed a traumatic event such as a natural disaster a serious accident a terrorist act war combat rape or other violent personal assault 10 Post traumatic stress disorder can affect people of all ages including children as young as 2 11 References edit Trauma and Stressor related disorders with DSM 5 amp ICD 10 codes TraumaDissociation com Retrieved 2019 09 06 a b Smith M Robinson L Segal J Traumatic Stress HelpGuide org Retrieved 2019 09 06 a b c Traumatic stress the effects of overwhelming experience on mind body and society Van der Kolk Bessel A 1943 McFarlane Alexander C Weisaeth Lars Paperback ed New York Guilford Press 2007 ISBN 9781572304574 OCLC 76273307 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint others link American Psychiatric Association 2013 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth ed Arlington VA American Psychiatric Publishing pp 5 25 ISBN 978 0 89042 555 8 Santrock JW September 2018 Essentials of life span development ISBN 9781260054309 OCLC 1048028379 a b Black D 2014 DSM 5 Guidebook The Essential Companion to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders American Psychiatric Publishing ISBN 9781585624652 Lehmann S Monette S Egger H Breivik K Young D Davidson C Minnis H September 2018 Development and Examination of the Reactive Attachment Disorder and Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder Assessment Interview Assessment 27 4 749 765 doi 10 1177 1073191118797422 PMC 7227130 PMID 30175603 Lehmann S Breivik K Heiervang ER Havik T Havik OE April 2016 Reactive Attachment Disorder and Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder in School Aged Foster Children A Confirmatory Approach to Dimensional Measures Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 44 3 445 57 doi 10 1007 s10802 015 0045 4 PMC 4785216 PMID 26126635 Black DW Grant JE 2014 02 01 DSM 5 Guidebook The Essential Companion to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition American Psychiatric Pub ISBN 9781585624652 Parekh R January 2017 What Is PTSD American Psychiatric Association Retrieved 2019 09 07 National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health 2005 Post Traumatic Stress Disorder The Management of PTSD in Adults and Children in Primary and Secondary Care NICE Clinical Guidelines No 26 Leicester UK Gaskell Further reading editCiccarelli S White JN August 2013 Psychology An Exploration with DSM 5 Update Pearson ISBN 978 0 205 97960 8 International Classification of Diseases ICD 11 Revision ed World Health Organization 2014 Retrieved 16 November 2014 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Traumatic stress amp oldid 1107631862, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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