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Transport in Estonia

January 01, 1970

Transport in Estonia relies mainly on road and rail networks.

Roads edit

 
Estonian main and E-roads
  • Total: 57,565 km (including 16,465 km of national roads)
  • Paved: 12,926 km (including 99 km of limited-access roads)

National roads edit

Main article: Highways in Estonia

National roads form the core of Estonian road network. Their total length is 16,489 km (or 28% of all roads), 67% of them are paved.[1] They are divided into 4 classes according to importance:

  • main roads (1,607 km)
  • basic roads (2,406 km)
  • secondary roads (12,476 km)
  • local roads (18,455 km)
Main roads in Estonia
Number E-road Route Length (km) Notes
  T1   E20 Tallinn – Narva 211 expressway for 80 km out of Tallinn and 7 km between Kukruse and Johvi.
Continues to Saint Petersburg as Russian M11
  T2   E263 Tallinn – Tartu – Võru – Luhamaa 291 expressway for 63 km out of Tallinn and 6 km near Mäo.
Crosses Estonia in southeast direction from Tallinn to join national road 7
  T3   E264 Jõhvi – Tartu – Valga 216 continues from Valga to Riga as Latvian A3
  T4   E67 Tallinn – Pärnu – Ikla 193 expressway for 14 km out of Tallinn
continues from Ikla to Riga as Latvian A1
  T5 Pärnu – Rakvere – Sõmeru 184 from Pärnu via Paide to join national road 1 near Rakvere
  T6 Valga – Uulu 125 from Pärnu via Kilingi-Nõmme to Valga
  T7   E77 Riga – Pskov 22 short section in southeast Estonia via Misso, continues as Russian A212 and Latvian A2
  T8   E265 Tallinn – Paldiski 49 via Keila, Keila-Paldiski section is part of E 265, which continues on ferry to Kapellskär
  T9 Ääsmäe – Haapsalu – Rohuküla 81 ferry connection from Rohuküla to Hiiumaa
  T10 Risti – Virtsu – Kuivastu – Kuressaare 144 ferry between Virtsu and Kuivastu (Muhumaa)
  T11   E265 Tallinn ring road 38
  T92 Tartu – Viljandi – Kilingi-Nõmme 130

Electric vehicle network edit

Estonia is the first country in the EU and in the world to introduce a nationwide, publicly serviced charging system for charging the batteries of electric vehicles.[2] The 165 fast charging stations are equipped with connectors of the CHAdeMO standard. They are located throughout the entire country, including the islands, and have a maximum distance of 40–60 km in between. The charging stations can also be navigated via a smartphone app (currently only for Android). The relatively dense network and 30 minute quick charges are built to enable a country-wide electric vehicle network. The system offers a unitary booking service and several different tariffs, some of which appear attractively low priced.[3] The charging station network puts Estonia at the forefront in Europe even though Norway actually has a higher penetration of electric vehicles. Estonia has a rate of 1 electric vehicle per 1,000 capita, whereas Norway has 4 EVs per 1,000 capita.[2]

Railways edit

Main article: Rail transport in Estonia
  • Total: 900 km common carrier lines only (1,200 km including dedicated industrial lines)
  • Broad gauge: 900 km 1,520 mm (4 ft 11+27⁄32 in) or 1,524 mm (5 ft) gauge (133 km electrified)

Railway links with adjacent countries edit

  •   Latvia – yes – same 1,520 mm (4 ft 11+27⁄32 in) gauge
  •   Russia – yes – same 1,520 mm (4 ft 11+27⁄32 in) gauge

As of 2023, the Rail Baltica project to link a high speed line through Latvia and Lithuania to Poland, is scheduled for completion in 2030, with a start of services on some of the sections in 2028.[4]

Light rail edit

See also: Public transport in Tallinn
 
Train in Tallinn in 2006

There has been a growing tram network in Tallinn, Estonia since 1888, when traffic was started by horse-powered trams. The first line was electrified on October 28, 1925. The first electric trams were built by Dvigatel, Ltd., in Tallinn before World War II and for some years after that, the last one in 1954. In the 1920s and 1930s gas-powered trams were also used. Since 1955 to 1988 German-built trams were used. In total, there were 20 LOWA T54-B54 trams (in use from February 1955 to March 1977), 11 Gotha T57-B57 (in use from January 1958 to June 1978), 5 Gotha T59E-B59E (in use from June 1960 to February 1980), 14 Gotha T2-62 and B2-62 (in use from 1962 to 1981) and 50 Gotha G4 trams (in use from January 1965 to October 1988) trams. The first Czechoslovakian-built ČKD Tatra T4SU arrived in 1973. The T4SU trams were in use from May 1973 to September 2005 and there were 60 of them. The first KT4SU arrived in Tallinn in 1981 and was first in use on March 10, 1981. In 2007, there are 56 KT4SU, 12 KTNF6 (rebuilt KT4SUs, 10 local, one from Gera and one from Erfurt) and 23 KT4D (12 from Gera, 6 from Cottbus, 1 from Frankfurt (Oder) and 5 from Erfurt) in use. As of 2018, there are four lines: 1 (Kopli-Kadriorg), 2 (Kopli-Ülemiste), 3 (Tondi-Kadriorg) and 4 (Tondi-Lennujaam (Airport)). There have also been lines 5 (Kopli-Vana-Lõuna, shut down in 2004 because of small usage) and 6 (Kopli-Tondi, temporarily used in time of repairs).

Ports and Harbours edit

Estonia has 45 ports in the State Port Register. With a few exceptions, all of them are on the Baltic Sea.

Largest ports are Muuga (near Tallinn), Tallinn (comprises several ports), Paldiski, Kunda, Pärnu and Sillamäe.

Merchant marine edit

Since 2014, there have been no vessels over 500gt on the Estonian register. About 60 merchant vessels are beneficially owned in Estonia, with most of them registered in Malta. The government has started a drive to bring more of these vessels back into the Estonian register.[5]

Airports edit

Airports – with paved runways edit

  • total: 13 (2013)
  • over 3,047 m: 2
  • 2,438 to 3,047 m: 8
  • 1,524 m to 2,437 m : 2
  • 914 to 1,523 m: 1[6]

Lennart Meri Tallinn Airport is the largest airport in Estonia.

Pipelines edit

  • Natural gas 859 km (2007)

Waterways edit

  • 320 km perennially navigable

Currently operating water transport routes:

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ "Annual Report 2013" (PDF). Estonian Road Administration. Retrieved 2013-12-19.
  2. ^ a b "Lihtne ja mugav elektriauto laadimine kõikjal".
  3. ^ "Lihtne ja mugav elektriauto laadimine kõikjal".
  4. ^ Rail Baltica – Project of the Century" on the Rai Baltica official website, accessed on 26 April 2023.
  5. ^ "Baltic Course". 27 November 2018. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
  6. ^ "The World Factbook".
  7. ^ Abruka transport Lääne-Saare Parish.

January 01, 1970
transport, estonia, relies, mainly, road, rail, networks, contents, roads, national, roads, electric, vehicle, network, railways, railway, links, with, adjacent, countries, light, rail, ports, harbours, merchant, marine, airports, airports, with, paved, runway. Transport in Estonia relies mainly on road and rail networks Contents 1 Roads 1 1 National roads 1 2 Electric vehicle network 2 Railways 2 1 Railway links with adjacent countries 3 Light rail 4 Ports and Harbours 5 Merchant marine 6 Airports 6 1 Airports with paved runways 7 Pipelines 8 Waterways 9 See also 10 ReferencesRoads edit nbsp Estonian main and E roads Total 57 565 km including 16 465 km of national roads Paved 12 926 km including 99 km of limited access roads National roads edit Main article Highways in Estonia National roads form the core of Estonian road network Their total length is 16 489 km or 28 of all roads 67 of them are paved 1 They are divided into 4 classes according to importance main roads 1 607 km basic roads 2 406 km secondary roads 12 476 km local roads 18 455 km Main roads in Estonia Number E road Route Length km Notes nbsp T1 nbsp E20 Tallinn Narva 211 expressway for 80 km out of Tallinn and 7 km between Kukruse and Johvi Continues to Saint Petersburg as Russian M11 nbsp T2 nbsp E263 Tallinn Tartu Voru Luhamaa 291 expressway for 63 km out of Tallinn and 6 km near Mao Crosses Estonia in southeast direction from Tallinn to join national road 7 nbsp T3 nbsp E264 Johvi Tartu Valga 216 continues from Valga to Riga as Latvian A3 nbsp T4 nbsp E67 Tallinn Parnu Ikla 193 expressway for 14 km out of Tallinn continues from Ikla to Riga as Latvian A1 nbsp T5 Parnu Rakvere Someru 184 from Parnu via Paide to join national road 1 near Rakvere nbsp T6 Valga Uulu 125 from Parnu via Kilingi Nomme to Valga nbsp T7 nbsp E77 Riga Pskov 22 short section in southeast Estonia via Misso continues as Russian A212 and Latvian A2 nbsp T8 nbsp E265 Tallinn Paldiski 49 via Keila Keila Paldiski section is part of E 265 which continues on ferry to Kapellskar nbsp T9 Aasmae Haapsalu Rohukula 81 ferry connection from Rohukula to Hiiumaa nbsp T10 Risti Virtsu Kuivastu Kuressaare 144 ferry between Virtsu and Kuivastu Muhumaa nbsp T11 nbsp E265 Tallinn ring road 38 nbsp T92 Tartu Viljandi Kilingi Nomme 130 Electric vehicle network edit Estonia is the first country in the EU and in the world to introduce a nationwide publicly serviced charging system for charging the batteries of electric vehicles 2 The 165 fast charging stations are equipped with connectors of the CHAdeMO standard They are located throughout the entire country including the islands and have a maximum distance of 40 60 km in between The charging stations can also be navigated via a smartphone app currently only for Android The relatively dense network and 30 minute quick charges are built to enable a country wide electric vehicle network The system offers a unitary booking service and several different tariffs some of which appear attractively low priced 3 The charging station network puts Estonia at the forefront in Europe even though Norway actually has a higher penetration of electric vehicles Estonia has a rate of 1 electric vehicle per 1 000 capita whereas Norway has 4 EVs per 1 000 capita 2 Railways editMain article Rail transport in Estonia Total 900 km common carrier lines only 1 200 km including dedicated industrial lines Broad gauge 900 km 1 520 mm 4 ft 11 27 32 in or 1 524 mm 5 ft gauge 133 km electrified Railway links with adjacent countries edit nbsp Latvia yes same 1 520 mm 4 ft 11 27 32 in gauge nbsp Russia yes same 1 520 mm 4 ft 11 27 32 in gauge As of 2023 the Rail Baltica project to link a high speed line through Latvia and Lithuania to Poland is scheduled for completion in 2030 with a start of services on some of the sections in 2028 4 Light rail editSee also Public transport in Tallinn nbsp Train in Tallinn in 2006 There has been a growing tram network in Tallinn Estonia since 1888 when traffic was started by horse powered trams The first line was electrified on October 28 1925 The first electric trams were built by Dvigatel Ltd in Tallinn before World War II and for some years after that the last one in 1954 In the 1920s and 1930s gas powered trams were also used Since 1955 to 1988 German built trams were used In total there were 20 LOWA T54 B54 trams in use from February 1955 to March 1977 11 Gotha T57 B57 in use from January 1958 to June 1978 5 Gotha T59E B59E in use from June 1960 to February 1980 14 Gotha T2 62 and B2 62 in use from 1962 to 1981 and 50 Gotha G4 trams in use from January 1965 to October 1988 trams The first Czechoslovakian built CKD Tatra T4SU arrived in 1973 The T4SU trams were in use from May 1973 to September 2005 and there were 60 of them The first KT4SU arrived in Tallinn in 1981 and was first in use on March 10 1981 In 2007 there are 56 KT4SU 12 KTNF6 rebuilt KT4SUs 10 local one from Gera and one from Erfurt and 23 KT4D 12 from Gera 6 from Cottbus 1 from Frankfurt Oder and 5 from Erfurt in use As of 2018 there are four lines 1 Kopli Kadriorg 2 Kopli Ulemiste 3 Tondi Kadriorg and 4 Tondi Lennujaam Airport There have also been lines 5 Kopli Vana Louna shut down in 2004 because of small usage and 6 Kopli Tondi temporarily used in time of repairs Ports and Harbours editEstonia has 45 ports in the State Port Register With a few exceptions all of them are on the Baltic Sea Largest ports are Muuga near Tallinn Tallinn comprises several ports Paldiski Kunda Parnu and Sillamae Merchant marine editSince 2014 there have been no vessels over 500gt on the Estonian register About 60 merchant vessels are beneficially owned in Estonia with most of them registered in Malta The government has started a drive to bring more of these vessels back into the Estonian register 5 Airports editAirports with paved runways edit total 13 2013 over 3 047 m 2 2 438 to 3 047 m 8 1 524 m to 2 437 m 2 914 to 1 523 m 1 6 Lennart Meri Tallinn Airport is the largest airport in Estonia Pipelines editNatural gas 859 km 2007 Waterways edit320 km perennially navigable Currently operating water transport routes International Tallinn Helsinki ferry and seasonal high speed craft Tallinn Mariehamn Aland Stockholm ferry Paldiski Kappelskar Sweden ferry Tallinn Visby Gotland seasonal cruise ferry Domestic Western Estonia Rohukula Sviby Vormsi Island ferry Rohukula Heltermaa Hiiumaa Island ferry Soru Hiiumaa Island Triigi Saaremaa Island ferry Virtsu Kuivastu Muhu Island ferry Parnu Kihnu Island boat ferry Munalaid Kihnu Island boat ferry Munalaid Manilaid Islet boat ferry and boat Roomassaare Saaremaa Island Abruka Island boat ferry and boat 7 Munalaid Ruhnu Island charter ferry and seasonal high speed craft ferry Parnu Ruhnu Island seasonal high speed craft ferry Roomassaare Saaremaa Island Ruhnu Island seasonal high speed craft ferry Rohukula Hobulaid Islet charter boat Northern Estonia Leppneeme Prangli Island boat ferry Tallinn Aegna Island seasonal boat Tallinn Naissaar Island seasonal boat Dirhami Osmussaar Island seasonal boat Kurkse Vaike Pakri Island charter boat Lake Peipus and Emajogi River Laaksaare Piirissaar Island ferry Kavastu seasonal cable ferry across Emajogi RiverSee also editM S Estonia TS Laevad ferry company serving the major islands Kihnu Veeteed ferry company serving mainly smaller islands Plug in electric vehicles in EstoniaReferences edit Annual Report 2013 PDF Estonian Road Administration Retrieved 2013 12 19 a b Lihtne ja mugav elektriauto laadimine koikjal Lihtne ja mugav elektriauto laadimine koikjal Rail Baltica Project of the Century on the Rai Baltica official website accessed on 26 April 2023 Baltic Course 27 November 2018 Retrieved 27 November 2018 The World Factbook Abruka transport Laane Saare Parish Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Transport in Estonia amp oldid 1175756807, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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