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Omdurman (standard Arabic: أم درمانUmm Durmān) is a major city in Sudan. It is the most populated city in the country, and thus also in the State of Khartoum. Omdurman lies on the west bank of the River Nile, opposite and northwest of the capital city of Khartoum. It is on the Nile river and acts as an important road hub, with the Nile boosting transportation even further.
In September 1898, the British army of twenty thousand well drilled men equipped with the latest arms, Maxim guns and Martini-Henry rifles under the command of General Horatio Herbert Kitchener invaded Sudan. In the battle of Omdurman, the British Army faced Sudanese defenders consisting of over 52,000 poorly armed desert tribesmen dervishes; in the space of five hours the battle was over. The Sudanese defenders suffered many casualties, with at least 10,000 killed. By contrast there were fewer than four hundred casualties on the British side with forty-eight British soldiers losing their lives. Then, General Kitchener proceeded to order the desecration of the Mahdi's tomb and in the words of Winston Churchill, "carried off the Mahdi's head in a kerosene can as a trophy".[2]
Kitchener restored Khartoum as the capital and, from 1899 until 1956 Sudan was jointly governed by Great Britain and Egypt. Although most of the city was destroyed in the battle, the Mahdi's tomb was restored and refurbished.
Omdurman features a hot arid climate, with only the summer months seeing noticeable precipitation. The city averages a little over 155 millimetres (6.1 in) of precipitation per year. Based on annual mean temperatures, the city is one of the hottest major cities in the world. Temperatures routinely exceeds 40 °C (104 °F) in mid-summer.
Its average annual high temperature is 37.1 °C (99 °F), with six months of the year seeing an average monthly high temperature of at least 38 °C (100 °F). Furthermore, throughout the year, none of its monthly average high temperatures falls below 30 °C (86 °F). During the months of January and February, while daytime temperatures are generally very warm, nights are relatively cool, with average low temperatures just above 15 °C (59 °F).
According to Sudanese officials, in 2005 a new airport facility had been proposed 30 miles (50 km) south of Omdurman. Arguably speaking to be within the non-defined boundaries of Omdurman, the project was estimated to be completed by 2012 with an estimated budget of $530 million.[11]
^Robert S. Kramer; Richard A. Lobban Jr.; Carolyn Fluehr-Lobban (2013). Historical Dictionary of the Sudan. Plymouth, UK: Scarecrow Press. p. 338. ISBN978-0-8108-7940-9.
^Ferguson, Niall (2003). EMPIRE, How Britain Made the Modern World. London England: Penguin Books. pp. 267–272. ISBN978-0-141-00754-0.
^Curfew in capital as Sudanese army clash near Khartoum with Darfur rebels - Sudan Tribune 2008-05-10
^Sudanese rebels 'reach Khartoum' - BBC News 2008-05-10
^PHOTOS: Sudan capital after today's attack from Darfur JEM - Sudan Tribune 2008-05-10
^"World Weather Information Service – Omdurman". UN. Retrieved 6 May 2010.
^"Average Conditions Omdurman, Sudan". BBC Weather. Retrieved 21 August 2009.
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This article is about the city For the battle see Battle of Omdurman This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in Arabic January 2022 Click show for important translation instructions Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 383 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Arabic Wikipedia article at ar أم درمان see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated ar أم درمان to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation Omdurman standard Arabic أم درمان Umm Durman is a major city in Sudan It is the most populated city in the country and thus also in the State of Khartoum Omdurman lies on the west bank of the River Nile opposite and northwest of the capital city of Khartoum It is on the Nile river and acts as an important road hub with the Nile boosting transportation even further Omdurman أم درمانCityOmdurman MarketOmdurmanCoordinates 15 39 N 32 29 E 15 650 N 32 483 E 15 650 32 483 Coordinates 15 39 N 32 29 E 15 650 N 32 483 E 15 650 32 483Country SudanStateKhartoum StateArea Total614 9 km2 237 4 sq mi Elevation178 m 584 ft Population 2008 Total2 395 159Time zoneUTC 2 Central Africa Time Contents 1 Etymology 2 History 3 Climate 4 Demographics 5 Education 6 Airport 7 See also 8 References 9 External linksEtymology EditThe name Omdurman Umm Durman literally translates as Mother of Durman but who she was or might have been is not known 1 History Edit The Battle of Omdurman in 1898 A sketch map of Omdurman with Khartoum and Bahri The White Nile flowing from the south is joined by the Blue Nile flowing from the east Bridge over the White Nile which connects the city to Khartoum After the siege of Khartoum followed by the building there of the tomb of the Mahdi after his death from typhus the city grew rapidly However in the Battle of Omdurman in 1898 which actually took place in the nearby village of Kerreri Lord Kitchener decisively defeated the Mahdist forces The following year British forces defeated Abdallahi ibn Muhammad the Khalifa as the Battle of Umm Diwaykarat ensuring British control over the Sudan In September 1898 the British army of twenty thousand well drilled men equipped with the latest arms Maxim guns and Martini Henry rifles under the command of General Horatio Herbert Kitchener invaded Sudan In the battle of Omdurman the British Army faced Sudanese defenders consisting of over 52 000 poorly armed desert tribesmen dervishes in the space of five hours the battle was over The Sudanese defenders suffered many casualties with at least 10 000 killed By contrast there were fewer than four hundred casualties on the British side with forty eight British soldiers losing their lives Then General Kitchener proceeded to order the desecration of the Mahdi s tomb and in the words of Winston Churchill carried off the Mahdi s head in a kerosene can as a trophy 2 Kitchener restored Khartoum as the capital and from 1899 until 1956 Sudan was jointly governed by Great Britain and Egypt Although most of the city was destroyed in the battle the Mahdi s tomb was restored and refurbished On 10 May 2008 the Darfur rebel group of the Justice and Equality Movement moved into the city where they engaged in heavy fighting with Sudanese government forces Their goal was to topple Omar Hassan al Bashir s government 3 4 5 Climate EditOmdurman features a hot arid climate with only the summer months seeing noticeable precipitation The city averages a little over 155 millimetres 6 1 in of precipitation per year Based on annual mean temperatures the city is one of the hottest major cities in the world Temperatures routinely exceeds 40 C 104 F in mid summer Its average annual high temperature is 37 1 C 99 F with six months of the year seeing an average monthly high temperature of at least 38 C 100 F Furthermore throughout the year none of its monthly average high temperatures falls below 30 C 86 F During the months of January and February while daytime temperatures are generally very warm nights are relatively cool with average low temperatures just above 15 C 59 F Climate data for OmdurmanMonth Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearAverage high C F 30 8 87 4 33 0 91 4 36 8 98 2 40 1 104 2 41 9 107 4 41 3 106 3 38 4 101 1 37 3 99 1 39 1 102 4 39 3 102 7 35 2 95 4 31 8 89 2 37 1 98 8 Average low C F 15 6 60 1 17 0 62 6 20 5 68 9 23 6 74 5 27 1 80 8 27 3 81 1 25 9 78 6 25 3 77 5 26 0 78 8 25 5 77 9 21 0 69 8 17 1 62 8 22 7 72 9 Average precipitation mm inches 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 02 4 0 0 16 46 3 1 82 75 2 2 96 25 4 1 00 4 8 0 19 7 0 03 0 0 156 8 6 18 Average precipitation days 0 1 mm 0 0 1 1 9 1 2 4 8 4 8 3 2 1 2 0 0 16 3Average relative humidity 27 22 17 16 19 28 43 49 40 28 27 30 29Mean monthly sunshine hours 141 211 260 330 360 390 400 390 365 300 260 180 3 587Source 1 World Meteorological Organisation UN 6 Source 2 BBC Weather 7 Demographics Edit Omdurman is on the western side of the Nile river opposite Khartoum Sufi dervishes in Omdurman Year Population1909 Census 8 42 7791941 116 1961956 113 6001973 299 3991983 526 2841993 1 271 4032007 Estimate 2 127 8022008 2 395 159 citation needed 2010 2 577 780 citation needed Education EditPublic universities are 9 Karary University Omdurman Islamic University University of the Holy Quran and Islamic SciencesPrivate universities are 10 Ahfad University for Women Omdurman Ahlia University University of Science and Technology OmdurmanAirport Edit Halfaya Bridge on the Nile linking Omdurman and Khartoum North Khartoum Airport serves Omdurman According to Sudanese officials in 2005 a new airport facility had been proposed 30 miles 50 km south of Omdurman Arguably speaking to be within the non defined boundaries of Omdurman the project was estimated to be completed by 2012 with an estimated budget of 530 million 11 See also EditAl Nilin Mosque Bant Omdurman Khalifa House MuseumReferences Edit Robert S Kramer Richard A Lobban Jr Carolyn Fluehr Lobban 2013 Historical Dictionary of the Sudan Plymouth UK Scarecrow Press p 338 ISBN 978 0 8108 7940 9 Ferguson Niall 2003 EMPIRE How Britain Made the Modern World London England Penguin Books pp 267 272 ISBN 978 0 141 00754 0 Curfew in capital as Sudanese army clash near Khartoum with Darfur rebels Sudan Tribune 2008 05 10 Sudanese rebels reach Khartoum BBC News 2008 05 10 PHOTOS Sudan capital after today s attack from Darfur JEM Sudan Tribune 2008 05 10 World Weather Information Service Omdurman UN Retrieved 6 May 2010 Average Conditions Omdurman Sudan BBC Weather Retrieved 21 August 2009 Chisholm 1911 Sudanese higher education Ministry of Higher Education amp Scientific Research Retrieved 15 September 2011 Universities of Sudan Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas Archived from the original on 19 March 2012 Retrieved 15 September 2011 Sudan to Build New Airport Arab Times 16 May 2005 Archived from the original on 11 May 2005 External links Edit Media related to Omdurman at Wikimedia Commons Omdurman Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 20 11th ed 1911 p 101 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Omdurman amp oldid 1130998187, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
