A transit desert is an area with limited transportation supply.[1][2] Developed from the concept of food deserts, various methods have been proposed to measure transit deserts. Transit deserts are generally characterized by poor public transportation options and possibly poor bike, sidewalk, or road infrastructure.[3] The lack of transportation options present in transit deserts may have negative effects of people’s health, job prospects, and economic mobility.[4][5][6][7]
Access to jobs by public transit in Toronto in 2016; note that the map does not include the extension of the western leg of Line 1 Yonge–University to the suburban municipality of Vaughan to the north-northwest, which opened in late 2017
The term 'desert' has been variously applied to areas that lack key services like banks, food access, or even books.[8][9][10] The idea of transit deserts was coined by Junfeng Jiao and Maxwell Dillivan, first appearing in print in 2013.[1] Since that time, the concept of transit deserts has been expanded upon and competing definitions and measurement techniques have emerged.
Definitionsedit
Gap-based measurementsedit
Gap-based measurement techniques are the most prominent and well-defined definition of transit deserts. Such methods typically use Geographic Information Systems (GIS) based methods to measure the gap between transportation supply and demand. These methods quantify demand and supply and then subtract demand from supply in order to find the "gap" in transit service.[2][11] Areas that fall below a certain threshold are termed "transit deserts". Using this method studies have found that nearly all cities in the United States have transit deserts.[12][13] Studies have also consistently shown that central business districts are almost never transit deserts, but the locations of transit desert areas varies considerably in different cities.[1][2]
No-transit definitionedit
A more informal definition of transit deserts has also emerged in which areas that lack some type of transportation, most often public transportation like buses and subway stops, are termed transit deserts.[14] Sometimes this definition has been expanded or slightly redefined to refer areas that lack a certain type of transportation such as "subway deserts".[15]
Implicationsedit
The causes of transit deserts are much debated. Some have cited suburban sprawl and deliberately segregationist policies as some of the leading causes of transit deserts.[16][6] Still others contend that transit deserts are often the result of poor planning practices and that better transit planning can help alleviate them.[17]
^ abcJiao, Junfeng; Dillivan, Maxwell (September 2013). "Transit Deserts: The Gap between Demand and Supply". Journal of Public Transportation. 16 (3): 23–39. doi:10.5038/2375-0901.16.3.2.
^ abcJiao, Junfeng (12 January 2017). "Identifying transit deserts in major Texas cities where the supplies missed the demands". Journal of Transport and Land Use. 10 (1): 529. doi:10.5198/jtlu.2017.899. hdl:11299/191030.
^Bischak, Chris; Jiao, Junfeng. "People are stranded in 'transit deserts' in dozens of US cities". The Conversation. The Conversation. Retrieved 8 July 2018.
^Jiao, Junfeng; McGrath, Nicole. "Stranded in our own communities: Transit deserts make it hard for people to find jobs and stay healthy". The Conversation. The Conversation US Inc. Retrieved 8 July 2018.
^Bouchard, Mikayla (2015-05-07). "Transportation Emerges as Crucial to Escaping Poverty". The New York Times. Retrieved 8 July 2018.
^ abWilliams P., Joseph. "Stranded Without Transit". US News. U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved 8 July 2018.
^"Research Shows Transit Deserts Make it Difficult to Find Jobs, Access Medical Care | Texas Architecture | UTSOA". soa.utexas.edu. Retrieved 2018-08-13.
^Neuman, Susan B.; Moland, Naomi (5 July 2016). "Book Deserts". Urban Education. 54: 126–147. doi:10.1177/0042085916654525. ISSN 0042-0859. S2CID 147841185.
^Wallace, Lewis. "'Banking Deserts' Spread Across Low-Income Neighborhoods". NPR.org. National Public Radio. Retrieved 8 July 2018.
^Cummins, Steven; Macintyre, Sally (24 August 2002). ""Food deserts"—evidence and assumption in health policy making". BMJ: British Medical Journal. 325 (7361): 436–8. doi:10.1136/bmj.325.7361.436. ISSN 0959-8138. PMC1123946. PMID 12193363.
^"Transit Deserts in Cook County" (PDF). The Center for Neighborhood Technology. Retrieved 8 July 2018.
^"Transit Gap Finder". AllTransit. The Center for Neighborhood Technology. Retrieved 8 July 2018.
^"Transit Desert Research - Urban Information Lab - University of Texas at Austin". www.transitdeserts.org. The Urban Information Lab.
^Goldchain, Michelle (2018-02-07). "Where D.C.'s households are most underserved by transit, mapped". Curbed DC. Vox Media. Retrieved 8 July 2018.
^Misra, Tanvi (13 July 2016). "A New Map of New York's 'Subway Deserts'". Bloomberg. The Atlantic Monthly Group. Retrieved 8 July 2018.
^Allen Jones, Diana (27 July 2017). Lost in the Transit Desert: Race, Transit Access, and Suburban Form. Routledge. ISBN978-1-138-95424-3.
^Junfeng, Jiao. "Better planning can transform "transit deserts"". star-telegram. Fort-Worth Star Telegram. Retrieved 8 July 2018.
External linksedit
Transit Deserts in Major US Cities
UT Austin Transit Desert Index
April 11, 2024
transit, desert, transit, desert, area, with, limited, transportation, supply, developed, from, concept, food, deserts, various, methods, have, been, proposed, measure, transit, deserts, generally, characterized, poor, public, transportation, options, possibly. A transit desert is an area with limited transportation supply 1 2 Developed from the concept of food deserts various methods have been proposed to measure transit deserts Transit deserts are generally characterized by poor public transportation options and possibly poor bike sidewalk or road infrastructure 3 The lack of transportation options present in transit deserts may have negative effects of people s health job prospects and economic mobility 4 5 6 7 Access to jobs by public transit in Toronto in 2016 note that the map does not include the extension of the western leg of Line 1 Yonge University to the suburban municipality of Vaughan to the north northwest which opened in late 2017 Contents 1 History 2 Definitions 2 1 Gap based measurements 2 2 No transit definition 3 Implications 4 Examples 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksHistory editThe term desert has been variously applied to areas that lack key services like banks food access or even books 8 9 10 The idea of transit deserts was coined by Junfeng Jiao and Maxwell Dillivan first appearing in print in 2013 1 Since that time the concept of transit deserts has been expanded upon and competing definitions and measurement techniques have emerged Definitions editGap based measurements edit Gap based measurement techniques are the most prominent and well defined definition of transit deserts Such methods typically use Geographic Information Systems GIS based methods to measure the gap between transportation supply and demand These methods quantify demand and supply and then subtract demand from supply in order to find the gap in transit service 2 11 Areas that fall below a certain threshold are termed transit deserts Using this method studies have found that nearly all cities in the United States have transit deserts 12 13 Studies have also consistently shown that central business districts are almost never transit deserts but the locations of transit desert areas varies considerably in different cities 1 2 No transit definition edit A more informal definition of transit deserts has also emerged in which areas that lack some type of transportation most often public transportation like buses and subway stops are termed transit deserts 14 Sometimes this definition has been expanded or slightly redefined to refer areas that lack a certain type of transportation such as subway deserts 15 Implications editThe causes of transit deserts are much debated Some have cited suburban sprawl and deliberately segregationist policies as some of the leading causes of transit deserts 16 6 Still others contend that transit deserts are often the result of poor planning practices and that better transit planning can help alleviate them 17 Examples editFurther information List of countries by rail transport network size Countries currently without a rail network Further information List of countries by road network sizeSee also editGeneral Banking desert Book desert Exurb Food desert Forced rider Ghetto tax Isochrone map Medical desert Poverty map Redlining Urban resilience Urban prairieTransport Accessibility transport Automotive city Urban planning prioritising automobiles Carfree city Urban area absent of motor vehicles Freedom of movement Freedom Riders American civil rights activists of the 1960s Montgomery bus boycott 1950s American protest against racial segregation Public transport accessibility level Sustainable Development Goal 11 11th of 17 Sustainable Development Goals for sustainable cities Transit mall Urban street reserved for public transit bicycles and pedestrians Transport divide Unequal access to transportReferences edit a b c Jiao Junfeng Dillivan Maxwell September 2013 Transit Deserts The Gap between Demand and Supply Journal of Public Transportation 16 3 23 39 doi 10 5038 2375 0901 16 3 2 a b c Jiao Junfeng 12 January 2017 Identifying transit deserts in major Texas cities where the supplies missed the demands Journal of Transport and Land Use 10 1 529 doi 10 5198 jtlu 2017 899 hdl 11299 191030 Bischak Chris Jiao Junfeng People are stranded in transit deserts in dozens of US cities The Conversation The Conversation Retrieved 8 July 2018 Jiao Junfeng McGrath Nicole Stranded in our own communities Transit deserts make it hard for people to find jobs and stay healthy The Conversation The Conversation US Inc Retrieved 8 July 2018 Bouchard Mikayla 2015 05 07 Transportation Emerges as Crucial to Escaping Poverty The New York Times Retrieved 8 July 2018 a b Williams P Joseph Stranded Without Transit US News U S News amp World Report Retrieved 8 July 2018 Research Shows Transit Deserts Make it Difficult to Find Jobs Access Medical Care Texas Architecture UTSOA soa utexas edu Retrieved 2018 08 13 Neuman Susan B Moland Naomi 5 July 2016 Book Deserts Urban Education 54 126 147 doi 10 1177 0042085916654525 ISSN 0042 0859 S2CID 147841185 Wallace Lewis Banking Deserts Spread Across Low Income Neighborhoods NPR org National Public Radio Retrieved 8 July 2018 Cummins Steven Macintyre Sally 24 August 2002 Food deserts evidence and assumption in health policy making BMJ British Medical Journal 325 7361 436 8 doi 10 1136 bmj 325 7361 436 ISSN 0959 8138 PMC 1123946 PMID 12193363 Transit Deserts in Cook County PDF The Center for Neighborhood Technology Retrieved 8 July 2018 Transit Gap Finder AllTransit The Center for Neighborhood Technology Retrieved 8 July 2018 Transit Desert Research Urban Information Lab University of Texas at Austin www transitdeserts org The Urban Information Lab Goldchain Michelle 2018 02 07 Where D C s households are most underserved by transit mapped Curbed DC Vox Media Retrieved 8 July 2018 Misra Tanvi 13 July 2016 A New Map of New York s Subway Deserts Bloomberg The Atlantic Monthly Group Retrieved 8 July 2018 Allen Jones Diana 27 July 2017 Lost in the Transit Desert Race Transit Access and Suburban Form Routledge ISBN 978 1 138 95424 3 Junfeng Jiao Better planning can transform transit deserts star telegram Fort Worth Star Telegram Retrieved 8 July 2018 External links editTransit Deserts in Major US Cities UT Austin Transit Desert Index Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Transit desert amp oldid 1200554482, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
