Toyota G engine
The Toyota Motor Corporation G-family engine is a family of straight-6 piston engines produced from 1979 to 2008. It is notable in that only a single displacement, 2.0 L (1,988 cc), was produced in this series. Initially belt-driven OHC non-interference engines (except the VVT-i version which is an interference engine), multivalve DOHC (except the 1G-EU SOHC 12 valve engine) and variable valve timing were added later during the production run. The 1G-GEU was Toyota's first mass produced four-valve twincam engine.[1] A prototype version of the 1G-GEU called the LASREα–X, featuring twin-turbos, variable valve timing and intake as well as variable displacement, was fitted to the Toyota FX-1 show car at the 1983 Tokyo Motor Show. It showcased a number of technologies which were later to become commonplace.[2]
| Toyota G engine | |
|---|---|
1G-GEU engine in a Toyota Supra GA61 | |
| Overview | |
| Manufacturer | Toyota Motor Corporation |
| Production |
|
| Layout | |
| Configuration | Straight-6 |
| Displacement | 2.0 L (1,988 cc; 121.3 cu in) |
| Cylinder bore | 75 mm (2.95 in) |
| Piston stroke | 75 mm (2.95 in) |
| Block material | Cast iron |
| Head material | Aluminum |
| Valvetrain | SOHC 2 valves x cyl. DOHC 4 valves x cyl. with VVT-i (since 1998) |
| Timing drive system | Belt-driven |
| Combustion | |
| Supercharger | Toyota SC-14 (1G-GZE) |
| Turbocharger | Toyota CT-12 Intercooled |
| Fuel system | Multi-port fuel injection |
| Fuel type | Gasoline |
| Cooling system | Water-cooled |
| Output | |
| Power output | 100–210 PS (74–154 kW; 99–207 hp) |
| Torque output | 152–275 N⋅m (112–203 lb⋅ft; 15–28 kg⋅m) |
These engines were used as a lower-displacement alternative to the more upmarket M family and JZ family straight-sixes.
For ten months (in 1967-1968), Toyota also offered Hino's GR100 engine as the "Toyota G" in the shortlived Briska light truck.[3]
G (Hino GR100)
After Toyota's takeover of Hino Motors in 1967, the Briska one-tonne truck was sold with Toyota badging for ten months. The engine code was changed from Hino's "GR100" to "G" for these cars.[4] The engine is a 1251 cc watercooled OHV inline-four with distant Renault origins and was originally developed by Hino for their Contessa passenger car. Bore and stroke are 71 mm × 79 mm (2.80 in × 3.11 in), maximum power 63 PS (46 kW) at 5500 rpm. Hino's earlier models had a variety of power outputs ranging from 52 to 65 PS.
Apart from its name, this engine is unrelated to the later series of Toyota G engines.
1G
Since just one displacement was offered, all G-family engines are marked 1G and share the same "square" 75 mm (2.95 in) bore and stroke.
Applications:
- Toyota Soarer
- Toyota Celica Supra
- Toyota Crown
- Toyota Crown Comfort/Crown Sedan
- Toyota Cressida/Mark II/Cresta/Chaser
- Toyota Altezza
- Lexus IS200
1G-E
The export-spec two-valve 1G-E had no emissions controls and were used in commercial vehicles and for a few export markets, mostly southeast Asia. Typical specifications:
- 80 kW (109 PS; 107 hp) at 5000 rpm, 162 N⋅m (119 lb⋅ft) torque at 4000 rpm (Mark II, 1986, Indonesia)
- 100 PS (74 kW; 99 hp) at 5200 rpm, JDM Crown GS130/131/136V/130G
1G-EU
The Japan-spec 1G-EU was produced from 1979 through 1988. This and the 1G-E are the only two-valve SOHC members of the family. Output was 105–125 hp (78–93 kW; 106–127 PS) at 5400 rpm and 157–172 N⋅m (116–127 lb⋅ft) at 4400 rpm.
1G-FE
The DOHC 1G-FE uses a narrow valve angle and other fuel economy optimizations. It was introduced in 1988, it features a cast iron block with aluminum cylinder head. Output was 135 PS (99 kW; 133 hp) at 5,600 rpm and 176 N⋅m (130 lb⋅ft) at 4,400 rpm. In 1998 VVT-i was added, which bumped output to 160 PS (118 kW; 158 hp) at 6,200 rpm and 200 N⋅m (148 lb⋅ft) at 4,400 rpm for the Altezza/IS 200. Production of this engine family ceased in 2008 after the discontinuation of the Crown Sedan mild hybrid.[5]
Applications:
- Toyota Altezza/Lexus IS 200
- Toyota Crown
- Aug 2001–Aug 2008 Toyota Crown Sedan GBS12, GXS12
- Toyota Chaser/Mark II/Cresta
- Toyota Mark II Blit
- Toyota Verossa
- Toyota Supra
- Toyota Soarer
1G-GEU
The 24-valve DOHC 1G-GEU was intended for high performance and featured a pent-roof combustion chamber.[6] Introduced in August 1982 and produced through 1986, mostly for the Japanese market, output was 140–160 PS (103–118 kW; 138–158 hp) at 6,200 rpm and 162–181 N⋅m (119–133 lb⋅ft) at 5,600 rpm. This was Toyota's first multi-valve twincam engine to make it to the market, and won the "JSME Medal for New Technology" (Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers) in 1982. To minimize the downsides of a multi-valve setup, the 1G-GEU was also equipped with T-VIS (Toyota Variable Induction System), increasing low to mid-engine speed torque. Like all following twin cam Toyotas, it used a timing belt rather than chain, for less noise and lower maintenance requirements. In August 1983, the fuel injection system was changed to EFI-D, which measures the pressure in the intake manifold to determine the proper air-fuel mixture.[1][7]
Applications:
- Aug 1982–1985 Celica XX GA61
- Aug 1982–1992 Toyota Chaser/Mark II/Cresta
- Aug 1983–1995 Toyota Crown
- Feb 1983–1991 Toyota Soarer
1G-GE
The 1G-GE replaced the 1G-GEU in 1988. It was detuned from 160 PS (118 kW; 158 hp) to 150 PS (110 kW; 148 hp) and served the same cars as 1G-GEU did. Torque was 182 N⋅m (135 lb⋅ft) at 5600 rpm.[8] It was produced for the Supra GA70 until 1993.
1G-GTE
The 24-valve DOHC 1G-GTE added two CT-12 turbochargers to the versatile motor. There were 3 generations of this engine both air-to-air and air-to-water intercoolers were used, pushing output from 185 to 210 PS (136 to 154 kW; 182 to 207 hp) at 6200 rpm and 234 to 275 N⋅m (173 to 203 lb⋅ft) at 3800 rpm using the air-to-air over the air-to-water. This was the most powerful engine of the whole G family. In May 1991 it was replaced with the 280 PS 1JZ-GTE on most Toyota cars.
Applications:
- 1986–1992 Supra MK3 (GA70; JDM only)
- 1986–1992 Mark II/Chaser/Cresta (GX71, GX81)
- 1986–1991 Soarer (GZ20)
1G-GP/GPE
The 1G-GP and 1G-GPE was an LPG version of the 1G-GE engine. Output is 110 PS (81 kW; 108 hp) at 5600 rpm and torque is 15.5 kg⋅m (152 N⋅m; 112 lbf⋅ft) at 2400 rpm.[9]
Applications:
- Toyota Crown Sedan (GS130, GS151)
- Toyota Crown Comfort/Sedan (GXS10)[9]
1G-GZE
The 1G-GZE was a supercharged version produced from 1986 till 1992. Output is 170 PS (125 kW; 168 hp) at 6000 rpm and 226 N⋅m (167 lb⋅ft) at 3600 rpm. Like the turbo, it was a 24-valve DOHC engine but featured a distributorless ignition system (DIS). The 1G-GZE was mated only with automatic gearboxes. In August 1991 it was replaced with the 1JZ-GE on the Mark II/Chaser/Cresta, while serving on the Crown until 1992.
Applications:
- Toyota Crown GS120, GS121, GS131, GS130G (Station Wagon)
- 1988–1990 Toyota Mark II/Chaser/Cresta GX81
References
- ^ a b All About the Toyota Twin Cam, 2nd ed., Tokyo, Japan: Toyota Motor Company, 1984, p. 9
- ^ All About the Toyota Twin Cam, p. 18
- ^ [Hino cars: Toyota Briska catalog]. Hino Samurai (in Japanese). Satoshi Ezawa. Archived from the original on 2016-09-19.
- ^ [Briska]. 75 Years of Toyota - Vehicle Lineage (in Japanese). Toyota. Archived from the original on 2016-07-08.
- ^ "History of Toyota - 75 years - Crown vehicle lineage". Toyota. Retrieved 2022-01-27.
- ^ All About the Toyota Twin Cam, p. 21
- ^ All About the Toyota Twin Cam, p. 20
- ^ 自動車ガイドブック [Japanese Motor Vehicles Guide Book 1989~'90] (in Japanese), vol. 36, Japan: Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association, 1989-10-25, p. 186, 0053-890036-3400
- ^ a b "Crown Comfort" (brochure). Dec 1995. p. 17. Retrieved 3 June 2013.[permanent dead link]