In aviation, a touch-and-go landing (TGL)[1] or circuit is a maneuver that is common when learning to fly a fixed-wing aircraft. It involves landing on a runway and taking off again without coming to a full stop. Usually the pilot then circles the airport in a defined pattern known as a circuit and repeats the maneuver. This allows many landings to be practiced in a short time.[2]
If the pilot brings the aircraft to a full stop before taking off again, it is known as a "stop-and-go". If the aircraft's wheels do not touch the ground, it is known as a "low pass". Both a touch-and-go landing and a low pass are types of go-around. An unplanned touch-and-go landing is also called a "rejected landing" or "balked landing".
Touch-and-go landings can perform a crucial safety role when a plane lands with not enough space to come to a complete stop, but has enough space to accelerate and take off again.
In a normal landing, the pilot flies the traffic pattern and establishes the aircraft on final approach. As the aircraft crosses the threshold of the runway the pilot executes the landing flare, touches the aircraft down, and immediately applies braking, ground spoilers, and (if available) reverse thrust until the aircraft has decelerated enough to exit onto a taxiway. In a touch-and-go landing, after the wheels are down, the pilot does not apply the brakes but instead increases the engine power to full, partially retracts the flaps, accelerates back to rotation speed, and lifts off again.
At a towered airport, the pilot must receive ATC permission to perform a touch-and-go landing by requesting it by name or as "the option," which allows the pilot to perform a touch-and-go, stop-and-go, low approach, full-stop landing or go-around as desired.
At a non-towered airport, the pilot announces position and intent over the CTAF or UNICOM radio frequency to coordinate the flow of local air traffic with any other pilots.
Debate over role in flight instruction
The examples and perspective in this section deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a worldwide view of the subject. You may improve this section, discuss the issue on the talk page, or create a new section, as appropriate.(September 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Some flight instructors believe touch-and-gos should not be heavily used, if at all, with student pilots. They argue that this procedure results in less attention to learning to land properly, and thus creates safety problems. They note that neither the Federal Aviation Administration's Practical Test Standards nor its Airplane Flying Handbook discusses touch-and-gos.[3]
Instructors who favor the use of touch-and-gos contend that it makes it possible to practice more landings per hour of instruction. Students doing touch-and-gos find it easier to master landing, particularly the final stage known as landing flare, which is often difficult to learn. Preparing to take off while landing is a necessary safety skill, they add, because any pilot must be able to do it in order to reject a landing.[3]
Commercial aviation
As a result of the Australian government's Two Airlines Policy, airlines other than Ansett Australia and Trans Australia Airlines were not permitted to operate routes directly between major cities. To circumvent this policy, East-West Airlines would perform touch-and-go landings in smaller cities along the way. For instance, East-West's Melbourne to Sydney route included a touch-and-go landing at Albury Airport, on the border of New South Wales and Victoria.[4]
In the United States Navy, touch-and-go landings are part of training for carrier pilots. If they have been away from a carrier for 29 days, they must do practice on a land runway and then do so at sea within 10 days. Before a carrier goes on patrol, pilots will conduct training. For example, before USS Ronald Reagan left on its summer 2016 patrol, it planned to conduct 4200 touch-and-go landings.[5]
References
^International Civil Aviation Organization (2010). "DOC 8400 (ICAO Abbreviations and Codes)" (PDF). Procedures for Air Navigation Services. pp. 1–15, 1–33. Retrieved 2017-04-10.
^ abBergqvist, Pia (August 2011). "The Touch-and-go: Are touch-and-goes [sic] a good idea during flight training?". Flying. 138 (8): 36.
^TBT (Throwback Thursday) in Aviation History: East-West Airlines, Airline Geeks, 20 April 2016. Retrieved 11 August 2018.
^ Moriyasu, Ken US Navy needs touch-and-go practice strip May 13, 2016 The Nikkei Retrieved September 1, 2016
External links
Look up touch-and-go landing in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Media related to Touch-and-go at Wikimedia Commons
May 15, 2023
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In aviation a touch and go landing TGL 1 or circuit is a maneuver that is common when learning to fly a fixed wing aircraft It involves landing on a runway and taking off again without coming to a full stop Usually the pilot then circles the airport in a defined pattern known as a circuit and repeats the maneuver This allows many landings to be practiced in a short time 2 source source source source source source source source source source source source source source A touch and go of an Airbus A340 500 of the Royal Thai Air Force at Phuket Airport If the pilot brings the aircraft to a full stop before taking off again it is known as a stop and go If the aircraft s wheels do not touch the ground it is known as a low pass Both a touch and go landing and a low pass are types of go around An unplanned touch and go landing is also called a rejected landing or balked landing Touch and go landings can perform a crucial safety role when a plane lands with not enough space to come to a complete stop but has enough space to accelerate and take off again Contents 1 Standard procedure 2 Debate over role in flight instruction 3 Commercial aviation 4 Carrier aviation 5 References 6 External linksStandard procedure EditIn a normal landing the pilot flies the traffic pattern and establishes the aircraft on final approach As the aircraft crosses the threshold of the runway the pilot executes the landing flare touches the aircraft down and immediately applies braking ground spoilers and if available reverse thrust until the aircraft has decelerated enough to exit onto a taxiway In a touch and go landing after the wheels are down the pilot does not apply the brakes but instead increases the engine power to full partially retracts the flaps accelerates back to rotation speed and lifts off again At a towered airport the pilot must receive ATC permission to perform a touch and go landing by requesting it by name or as the option which allows the pilot to perform a touch and go stop and go low approach full stop landing or go around as desired At a non towered airport the pilot announces position and intent over the CTAF or UNICOM radio frequency to coordinate the flow of local air traffic with any other pilots Debate over role in flight instruction EditThe examples and perspective in this section deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a worldwide view of the subject You may improve this section discuss the issue on the talk page or create a new section as appropriate September 2014 Learn how and when to remove this template message Some flight instructors believe touch and gos should not be heavily used if at all with student pilots They argue that this procedure results in less attention to learning to land properly and thus creates safety problems They note that neither the Federal Aviation Administration s Practical Test Standards nor its Airplane Flying Handbook discusses touch and gos 3 Instructors who favor the use of touch and gos contend that it makes it possible to practice more landings per hour of instruction Students doing touch and gos find it easier to master landing particularly the final stage known as landing flare which is often difficult to learn Preparing to take off while landing is a necessary safety skill they add because any pilot must be able to do it in order to reject a landing 3 Commercial aviation EditAs a result of the Australian government s Two Airlines Policy airlines other than Ansett Australia and Trans Australia Airlines were not permitted to operate routes directly between major cities To circumvent this policy East West Airlines would perform touch and go landings in smaller cities along the way For instance East West s Melbourne to Sydney route included a touch and go landing at Albury Airport on the border of New South Wales and Victoria 4 Carrier aviation Edit An Argentine Navy Super Etendard commencing a touch and go landing on USS Ronald Reagan during Gringo Gaucho joint US Argentine manoeuvres In the United States Navy touch and go landings are part of training for carrier pilots If they have been away from a carrier for 29 days they must do practice on a land runway and then do so at sea within 10 days Before a carrier goes on patrol pilots will conduct training For example before USS Ronald Reagan left on its summer 2016 patrol it planned to conduct 4200 touch and go landings 5 References Edit International Civil Aviation Organization 2010 DOC 8400 ICAO Abbreviations and Codes PDF Procedures for Air Navigation Services pp 1 15 1 33 Retrieved 2017 04 10 Teaching Touch And Goes sic a b Bergqvist Pia August 2011 The Touch and go Are touch and goes sic a good idea during flight training Flying 138 8 36 TBT Throwback Thursday in Aviation History East West Airlines Airline Geeks 20 April 2016 Retrieved 11 August 2018 Moriyasu Ken US Navy needs touch and go practice strip May 13 2016 The Nikkei Retrieved September 1 2016External links Edit Look up touch and go landing in Wiktionary the free dictionary Media related to Touch and go at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Touch and go landing amp oldid 1136212429, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
