A representation of a spacesuit from The Adventures of Tintin comic Explorers on the Moon with a basic cel shader (also known as a toon shader) and border detectiongraphics complex of a seashell with toon shading modeled in Mathematica 13.1
The cel-shading process starts with a typical 3D model. Where cel-shading differs from conventional rendering is in its non-photorealistic shading algorithm. Conventional smooth lighting values are calculated for each pixel and then quantized to a small number of discrete shades to create the characteristic "flat look", where the shadows and highlights appear as blocks of color rather than being smoothly mixed in a gradient.
Outlinesedit
Wireframe methodedit
Black ink outlines and contour lines can be created using a variety of methods. One popular method is to first render a black outline, slightly larger than the object itself. Back-face culling is inverted and the back-facing triangles are drawn in black. To dilate the silhouette, these back-faces may be drawn in wireframe multiple times with slight changes in translation. Alternatively, back-faces may be rendered solid-filled, with their vertices translated along their vertex normals in a vertex shader. After drawing the outline, back-face culling is set back to normal to draw the shading and optional textures of the object. Finally, the image is composited via Z-buffering, as the back-faces always lie deeper in the scene than the front-faces. The result is that the object is drawn with a black outline and interior contour lines. The term "cel-shading" is popularly used to refer to the application of this "ink" outlining process in animation and games, although originally the term referred to the flat shading technique regardless of whether the outline was applied.[3]
Finally, a Sobel filter or similar edge-detection filter is applied to the normal and depth textures to generate an edge texture. Texels on detected edges are black, while all other texels are white.
Finally, the edge texture and the color texture are composited to produce the final rendered image.
The Sega Dreamcast title Jet Set Radio, which was revealed at the 1999 Tokyo Game Show, drew media attention for its cel-shaded style.[4][5] It used cel-shading for its characters and its vibrant visual style has had a lasting influence on the use of cel-shading in video games. Since the early 2000s, many notable video games have made use of this style, such as The Legend of Zelda: The Wind Waker (2002) and Ōkami (2006).
Cel shading, in contrast to other visual styles such as photorealism, is often used to lend a more artistic or fantastical element to a video game's environment. In developing Ōkami, director Hideki Kamiya described his vision for the game's graphics: "I wanted to create a game with the natural beauty of the Japanese countryside... to make a world that was glistening and beautiful."[6] Producer Atsushi Inaba recalls in a 2004 interview that Clover Studios had "abandoned the realistic style" for Ōkami as they became inspired by traditional Japanese art.[6]
Game studios might choose a style such as cel shading in their development for reasons beyond artistic vision. Cel shaded graphics are usually simple in visual information, which can be useful in some applications. In the case of The Legend of Zelda: The Wind Waker, developer Satoru Takizawa states that using this style allowed to "represent the mechanisms and objects for puzzles [in The Wind Waker] in a more easy-to-understand way."[7] Takizawa also argues that photorealistic graphics, in contrast, would have "had the adverse effect of making information difficult to represent game-wise."[7]
Felidae, a 1994 German adult animated mystery film directed by Michael Schaack, written by Martin Kluger, Stefaan Schieder and Akif Pirinçci, and based on Pirinçci's 1989 novel of the same name.
shading, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, march, 2009, learn. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Cel shading news newspapers books scholar JSTOR March 2009 Learn how and when to remove this template message Cel shading or toon shading is a type of non photorealistic rendering designed to make 3 D computer graphics appear to be flat by using less shading color instead of a shade gradient or tints and shades A cel shader is often used to mimic the style of a comic book or cartoon and or give the render a characteristic paper like texture 1 There are similar techniques that can make an image look like a sketch an oil painting or an ink painting The name comes from cels short for celluloid clear sheets of acetate which were painted on for use in traditional 2D animation 2 A representation of a spacesuit from The Adventures of Tintin comic Explorers on the Moon with a basic cel shader also known as a toon shader and border detectiongraphics complex of a seashell with toon shading modeled in Mathematica 13 1 Contents 1 Basic process 2 Outlines 2 1 Wireframe method 2 2 Edge detection method 3 In video games 4 Lists of cel shaded media 4 1 Film 4 2 Television 4 3 Video games 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksBasic process edit nbsp Cel shaded rendering of two isosurfaces of the probability density of a particle in a boxThe cel shading process starts with a typical 3D model Where cel shading differs from conventional rendering is in its non photorealistic shading algorithm Conventional smooth lighting values are calculated for each pixel and then quantized to a small number of discrete shades to create the characteristic flat look where the shadows and highlights appear as blocks of color rather than being smoothly mixed in a gradient Outlines editWireframe method edit Black ink outlines and contour lines can be created using a variety of methods One popular method is to first render a black outline slightly larger than the object itself Back face culling is inverted and the back facing triangles are drawn in black To dilate the silhouette these back faces may be drawn in wireframe multiple times with slight changes in translation Alternatively back faces may be rendered solid filled with their vertices translated along their vertex normals in a vertex shader After drawing the outline back face culling is set back to normal to draw the shading and optional textures of the object Finally the image is composited via Z buffering as the back faces always lie deeper in the scene than the front faces The result is that the object is drawn with a black outline and interior contour lines The term cel shading is popularly used to refer to the application of this ink outlining process in animation and games although originally the term referred to the flat shading technique regardless of whether the outline was applied 3 The Utah teapot rendered using cel shading nbsp The back faces are drawn with thick lines The object faces are drawn using a single color Shading is appliedSteps 2 and 3 can be combined using multitexturing part of texture mapping Edge detection method edit 2D image processing outlining technique nbsp First the scene is rendered with cel shading to a screen sized color texture nbsp Then depth information of the scene is rendered to a screen sized texture nbsp World space surface normals are rendered as a screen sized texture nbsp Finally a Sobel filter or similar edge detection filter is applied to the normal and depth textures to generate an edge texture Texels on detected edges are black while all other texels are white nbsp Finally the edge texture and the color texture are composited to produce the final rendered image In video games editFor a more comprehensive list see List of cel shaded video games The Sega Dreamcast title Jet Set Radio which was revealed at the 1999 Tokyo Game Show drew media attention for its cel shaded style 4 5 It used cel shading for its characters and its vibrant visual style has had a lasting influence on the use of cel shading in video games Since the early 2000s many notable video games have made use of this style such as The Legend of Zelda The Wind Waker 2002 and Ōkami 2006 Cel shading in contrast to other visual styles such as photorealism is often used to lend a more artistic or fantastical element to a video game s environment In developing Ōkami director Hideki Kamiya described his vision for the game s graphics I wanted to create a game with the natural beauty of the Japanese countryside to make a world that was glistening and beautiful 6 Producer Atsushi Inaba recalls in a 2004 interview that Clover Studios had abandoned the realistic style for Ōkami as they became inspired by traditional Japanese art 6 Game studios might choose a style such as cel shading in their development for reasons beyond artistic vision Cel shaded graphics are usually simple in visual information which can be useful in some applications In the case of The Legend of Zelda The Wind Waker developer Satoru Takizawa states that using this style allowed to represent the mechanisms and objects for puzzles in The Wind Waker in a more easy to understand way 7 Takizawa also argues that photorealistic graphics in contrast would have had the adverse effect of making information difficult to represent game wise 7 Lists of cel shaded media editThis article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Cel shading news newspapers books scholar JSTOR July 2021 Learn how and when to remove this template message Film edit The Great Mouse Detective a 1986 American animated film based on Basil of Baker Street by Eve Titus and Paul Galdone Technological Threat a 1988 American animated short made by Brian Jennings and Bill Kroyer and was produced by Kroyer Films Oliver amp Company a 1988 American animated musical adventure film based on the Charles Dickens novel Oliver Twist The Little Mermaid a 1989 American animated musical fantasy film based on the 1837 Danish fairy tale of the same name by Hans Christian Andersen DuckTales the Movie Treasure of the Lost Lamp a 1990 American animated adventure fantasy film based on the animated television series DuckTales Felidae a 1994 German adult animated mystery film directed by Michael Schaack written by Martin Kluger Stefaan Schieder and Akif Pirincci and based on Pirincci s 1989 novel of the same name Tarzan a 1999 American animated adventure film based on the 1912 story Tarzan of the Apes by Edgar Rice Burroughs Help I m a Fish a 2000 Danish German Irish traditionally animated science fantasy musical film The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle 2000 The Little Polar Bear a 2001 German animated film based on Hans de Beer books Spirit Stallion of the Cimarron a 2002 American animated Western film Treasure Planet a 2002 American animated science fiction adventure film Brother Bear a 2003 American animated musical fantasy comedy drama film Hot Wheels World Race a 2003 computer animated direct to video film Appleseed a 2004 Japanese animated film Stuart Little 3 Call of the Wild a 2005 American computer animated comedy film A Scanner Darkly a 2006 film based on Philip K Dick novel Chocolate a 2008 Thai martial arts film starring Yanin Jeeja Vismistananda in her debut film performance It is directed by Prachya Pinkaew with martial arts choreography by Panna Rittikrai It also stars Hiroshi Abe and Pongpat Wachirabunjong Paperman a 2012 American black and white computer cel animated short film Khail Girban s The Prophet a 2014 animated film computer cel Feast a 2014 American 2D animated romantic comedy short film The Peanuts Movie 2015 Mutafukaz Operation Blackhead a 2017 crime short film that became the basis for the comic book for the same name produced by Run Spider Man Into the Spider Verse 2018 Tom amp Jerry 2021 Chip n Dale Rescue Rangers 2022 The Pink Panther directed by Jeff Fowler Upcoming Film Once Upon a Studio a 2023 American live action animated fantasy comedy crossover short film Wish a 2023 American animated musical film Coyote vs Acme TBA 8 Television edit Molly Star Racer a 2001 French television pilot produced by Sparx Animation Studios Spider Man The New Animated Series a 2003 Canadian American television series produced by Mainframe Studios Marvel Enterprises Adelaide Productions and Sony Pictures Television Boo a 2003 British television series produced by Tell Tale Productions Dragon Booster a 2004 Canadian television series produced by Nerd Corps Entertainment Handy Manny a 2006 American Canadian children s television series produced by Nelvana Z Squad a 2006 South Korean Canadian magical girl television series produced by Enemes SBS CJ Entertainment and Nelvana The Land Before Time a 2007 American animated television series based on The Land Before Time film series created by Judy Freudberg and Tony Geiss Storm Hawks a 2007 Canadian television series produced by Nerd Corps Entertainment League of Super Evil a 2009 Canadian television series produced by Nerd Corps Entertainment Bunny Maloney a 2009 French television series produced by MoonScoop Group France 2 and Telegael Iron Man Armored Adventures a 2009 French American television series produced by Marvel Animation Hot Wheels Battle Force 5 a 2009 Canadian television series produced by Nerd Corps Entertainment and Nelvana Rated A for Awesome a 2011 Canadian television series produced by Nerd Corps Entertainment Last Week Tonight with John Oliver a 2014 American late night talk and news satire television series produced by HBO Episode 7 Immigration Reform Regal Academy a 2016 Italian television series produced by Rainbow S p A Disenchantment a 2018 American animated satirical fantasy sitcom created by Matt Groening for Netflix Star Wars Resistance a 2018 American television series produced by Lucasfilm Animation What If a 2021 Marvel Studios alternate history television series set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe 9 Video games edit Main article List of cel shaded video gamesSee also edit2 5D Gooch shading Low polyReferences edit Stylized Rendering Post Processing docs unrealengine com Retrieved 2019 09 13 Hachigian Jennifer Celshader com FAQ Archived from the original on February 23 2022 Retrieved August 2 2005 Luque Raul December 2012 The Cel Shading Technique PDF Retrieved December 2 2014 IGNDC Interviews The Creators of Jet Grind Radio IGN 26 May 2000 Retrieved 12 August 2021 TGS Sega Shows Jet Grind Radio GameSpot September 19 1999 Archived from the original on July 18 2014 Retrieved August 12 2009 a b Okami 2004 Developer Interviews shmuplations com Retrieved 2021 06 01 a b Iwata Asks The Legend of Zelda The Wind Waker HD iwataasks nintendo com Retrieved 2021 06 01 A Critical Human on Twitter Tadeo Jericho August 10 2021 Why Some People Are Bothered By Marvel s What If Animation Style Screen Rant Archived from the original on August 11 2021 Retrieved August 29 2021 External links editIGN Jet Set Radio review Retrieved August 4 2005 GameDev net Cel Shading Retrieved August 5 2005 Wayback Machine copy sunandblackcat com Cel Shading Retrieved August 7 2014 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Cel shading amp oldid 1202498661, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
