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Tom Horne

January 23, 2023

For other people named Thomas Horne, see Thomas Horne (disambiguation).

Thomas Charles Horne (born March 28, 1945)[1] is an American attorney, politician, and Republican activist who served as the 25th Attorney General of Arizona from 2011 to 2015. Horne lost to Mark Brnovich in the Republican primary for Attorney General in 2014.[2] He previously served as the Arizona Superintendent of Public Instruction from 2003 to 2011.[3] Horne was elected to another term as Superintendent of Public Instruction in 2022.[4]

Tom Horne
19th and 23rd Arizona Superintendent of Public Instruction
Assumed office
January 2, 2023
GovernorKatie Hobbs
Preceded byKathy Hoffman
In office
January 1, 2003 – January 1, 2011
GovernorJanet Napolitano
Jan Brewer
Preceded byJaime Molera
Succeeded byJohn Huppenthal
25th Attorney General of Arizona
In office
January 3, 2011 – January 5, 2015
GovernorJan Brewer
Preceded byTerry Goddard
Succeeded byMark Brnovich
Member of the Arizona House of Representatives
from the 24th district
In office
January 1997 – January 2001
Serving with Barbara Leff
Preceded byErnest Baird
Sue Grace
Succeeded byStephen Tully
Personal details
Born (1945-03-28) March 28, 1945 (age 77)
Montreal, Canada
Political partyRepublican
SpouseMartha (died 2019)
Children5 (1 deceased)
EducationHarvard University (BA, JD)

Early life and education

Horne was born in Montreal, Quebec. His parents, refugees from Poland, brought him to New York when he was age 4, upon which his parents being naturalized U.S. citizens, Horne, a minor at the time, was also naturalized. He is a graduate of Harvard College (1967) and Harvard Law School (1970).[3][5]

Legal and business career

During his 30 years of law practice, Horne served as Special Assistant Attorney General and a Judge Pro Tem in Maricopa County Superior Court and Arizona Court of Appeals.[6] Horne served as a teacher of Legal Writing at Sandra Day O'Connor College of Law and is the author a legal text on construction law published by the State Bar of Arizona.[7] Horne served on the board of the Paradise Valley Unified School District for 24 years, including 10 as board chair.[8]

Horne was the president of T.C. Horne & Co., an investment firm he founded in the late 1960s. After the firm went bankrupt in 1970, Horne received a lifetime trading ban from the Securities and Exchange Commission.[9] The 1973 SEC report alleged that as president of T.C. Horne & Co, Horne "among other things, violated the record-keeping, anti-fraud, and broker-dealer net capital provisions of the federal securities laws and filed false financial reports with the commission." Horne stipulated to an SEC finding that he and his firm "willfully aided and abetted" in violations of securities laws.[9] Horne would later state that these problems stemmed from his attempts to enter into early-on computerization and that he got in over his head while working his way through law school.[10]

Arizona House of Representatives

Horne served in the Arizona House of Representatives from 1997 until 2001.[11] He chaired the Academic Accountability Committee and served as vice-chair of the Education Committee.[12]

State Superintendent of Public Instruction

After 24 years as a school board member and four years as a legislator,[13] Horne served as the elected Superintendent of Public Instruction from 2003 to 2011.[14]

Social studies standards

Among his earliest acts in office was to push for a strengthening of Arizona's social studies standards so that instruction on topics such as the United States Constitution and the Declaration of Independence would be emphasized not only in elementary grades, but reiterated at later grade levels.[15] Under the new standards developed during his administration, second-graders would study ancient civilizations in China and India, as well as how inventions of paper and fireworks in Asia contributed to the development of later civilizations.[16] In September 2006, Horne announced a partnership with History Education and The History Channel to implement a statewide social studies initiative. Funding for the program was $3.7 million.[17] "I am tremendously gratified that The History Channel has recognized the hard work that it has taken to strengthen Arizona's history standards," said Horne.[17]

Full-day kindergarten

Horne was an advocate for full-day kindergarten. Horne said a review of nationwide research on the issue showed that all-day programs appeared to reduce the achievement gap between students from poor households and those from more affluent homes. He also said that children who come to school speaking a language other than English also benefit.[18] "The teachers tell me a substantial number of their students are reading, and they were not able to do that in the half-day program," Horne said. "For students in poor neighborhoods to be reading is a huge step forward to eliminate the fact that when kids are behind when they start, they never catch up."[19]

Nutritional standards

He also pushed for nutritional standards that removed junk food from schools in the elementary grades and created incentives for secondary schools to do so on a voluntary basis.[20][21] "Most parents want their kids to eat healthy and resent it when the schools undermine that . . . (and have) vending machines full of candy and soda," he said.[22]

Arts standards

Horne, a classically trained pianist and founder of the Phoenix Baroque Ensemble,[23] was an advocate of increasing arts education in schools. "If they're worried about test scores and want a way to get them higher, they need to give kids more arts, not less," said Horne. "There's lots of evidence that kids immersed in the arts do better on their academic tests."[23] Horne continued, "Arts are an essential part of every student's education. Studies show that students who study the arts score higher on academic tests than students not exposed to the arts. The Department of Education needs to ensure that schools have not neglected the arts in order to emphasize the tested subject areas of reading, writing and math."[24]

Testing protocols

Testing protocols were also significantly changed during Horne's administration. He oversaw the development of a dual-purpose assessment that was unique in combining assessments on both state and nationally defined standards. This cut standardized testing time in half, restoring that time to classroom instruction.[citation needed]

Arizona Instrument to Measure Success

Horne also continued to implement the Arizona Instrument to Measure Success (AIMS) test, which was created by Lisa Graham Keegan[25] and approved by the legislature in the 1990s, but did not go into effect until 2006.[26] Despite minor controversy over the requirement that students pass the test before graduating high school, the test became an accepted part of the state education system, until it was replaced in 2014. Horne created an incentive program whereby students who exceeded standards on the AIMS test and met other criteria received tuition scholarships to Arizona's public universities.[27] For a high honors diploma, which guaranteed free tuition at any of Arizona's three universities, a student must have exceeded the standard on the Arizona Instrument to Measure Standards in reading, math and writing in addition to earning a B or better in all 16 core classes and graduate with a cumulative grade point average of 3.5 or be in the top five percent of the graduating class. An alternative was to exceed the standard on two categories on AIMS and get a score of 3 or better on two Advanced Placement or International Baccalaureate tests.[28] "The essence of this action is to support the encouragement of schools and students to strive not just for proficiency but to exceed proficiency," said Horne. "It will be a powerful incentive."[28]

Ban of ethnic studies classes

Horne sought to address curriculum matters as they related to ethnic studies. Horne was alerted to the La Raza (Spanish literal translation, "The Race" meaning "the people") ethnic studies program (Mexican American Studies) in the Tucson Unified School District and, based on a review of the curriculum, championed a law to address what he viewed as the problems these materials presented.[29] A state law was passed that prohibited curricula that either: 1) Promote the overthrow of the United States government. 2) Promote resentment toward a race or class of people. 3) Are designed primarily for pupils of a particular ethnic group. 4) Advocate ethnic solidarity instead of the treatment of pupils as individuals.[30] Horne said, "We think kids should be taught together. They should be taught to treat each other as individuals, that what race they happened to have been born into is irrelevant. What's relevant is what you know, what you can do, what's your character, not what race you happened to have been born into. And we teach the contributions of different groups together in a social studies class for all kids. It's contrary, I believe, to American values to divide kids by race and teach each race only about its own contributions. We want to teach all kids about all different contributions."[31]

Attorney General

On November 2, 2010, Horne defeated Felecia Rotellini in the race for Arizona Attorney General in the 2010 elections.

On August 26, 2014, Horne was defeated in his reelection campaign in the Republican primary by Mark Brnovich. Brnovich defeated Horne by a margin of 54% to 46%.[32]

Arizona v. United States

Within a few weeks of becoming A.G., his office had filed an appearance in Arizona v. United States, defending the governor and the state against the Obama administration's federal court challenge to S.B. 1070. "My job as attorney general is to defend the state of Arizona," Horne said.[33] The previous A.G., Terry Goddard, had withdrawn from the case, acceding to the demands of Governor Jan Brewer.[34]

Consumer suits

Shortly after winning the 2010 election, Horne announced that he wanted the office "to do more in the way of consumer protection, even when the cases are small", pursuing violations of the Arizona Consumer Fraud Act.[35] This led to a string of sting operations against auto repair businesses,[36][37] prompting an offer from an industry group to assist the A.G. in cleaning up the repair business .[38]

$25 billion mortgage settlement

Horne was involved with other A.G's in several consumer suits. On February 19, 2012, Horne announced Arizona had reached agreement to join a $25 billion agreement with the nation's five largest mortgage servicers over abuse and fraud allegations. Arizona's share was $1.6 billion, with $1.3 billion for underwater (negative equity) homeowners. The settlement was the result of an initiative that included 49 A.G.'s.[39][40] A similar suit against SunTrust netted $40 million for damaged Arizona homeowners.[41] There was also a separate, Arizona only, settlement with the Bank of America over mortgage practices, which included costs incurred by the A.G.'s office in the lawsuit.[42]

Sirius XM settlement

A.G.'s in 44 states, including Arizona, and D.C. had sued Sirius XM, alleging that it had engaged in misleading, unfair and deceptive practices.[43] On December 4, 2014, Horne, announced that $230,000 of the $3.8 million settlement would go to affected Arizona consumers.[44]

Pfizer lawsuit

Horne and other A.G.'s reached an agreement with Pfizer Inc. in 2014, after accusing it of unlawfully promoting Rapamune, an immunosuppressive drug. $721,169 went to Arizona, deposited into the Consumer Fraud Revolving Fund.[45]

United States Supreme Court

In a 2012 United States Supreme Court case, Arizona v. Inter Tribal Council of Arizona, Inc., Horne argued that Arizona's voter registration requirements were not preempted by the National Voter Registration Act of 1993. The case was decided against Horne and Arizona, by a 7–2 vote. The decision stated "Arizona is correct that the Elections Clause empowers Congress to regulate how federal elections are held, but not who may vote in them. The latter is the province of the states." However, because Horne's predecessor as Attorney General had not appealed an adverse decision by the commission, the case was sent back for a new petition to the commission to be appealed. It was consolidated with a 10th circuit case, which ruled adversely, and the Supreme Court chose not to review a second time.[46] The Court also held that Arizona may petition to have more requirements added to the federal standard.[47]

Firearms regulations

In 2013 Horne wrote an opinion that defended the state preemption of regulation of firearms; he found that Tucson's city gun laws were unenforceable.[48] In 2012 Horne proposed that a principal or a designee be trained and armed in each school.[49] In 2013, he proposed legislation that would allow teachers to carry guns in public schools.[50]

Same-sex marriage

Horne threatened to sue the city of Bisbee, Arizona, over a 2013 ordinance recognizing same-sex couples. He withdrew the threat several days later when Bisbee agreed to rewrite the ordinance, removing rights reserved for married couples under Arizona law.[51] In October, 2014, a federal judge ruled that Arizona's law banning gay marriage was unconstitutional, and Horne did not appeal. He felt the chance of it being overturned was "zero," and, added, "I think it is over."[52]

Immigration

Horne filed a 2013 lawsuit that compelled the Maricopa County Community College District to end its policy of in-state tuition for "dreamers" (undocumented immigrants with federal work permits, who came to the U.S. as children). When accused of being anti-immigrant, Horne responded that he was one himself, being born in Canada. Horne met with students and explained that he was "obligated to enforce the law."[53] Activists held protests and many were arrested.[54] On May 5, 2015, a Maricopa Superior Court judge ruled that "dreamers" could pay in-state tuition rates, ending the two-year lawsuit then A.G. Horne had filed.[55]

Immigration and Customs Enforcement

Horne criticized the 2014 Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) practice of sending illegal immigrants from Texas to Arizona. "These aliens are not being transported for the purposes of detaining them in a federal facility located in Arizona," Horne wrote, in a letter to the Department of Homeland Security. "Rather, DHS is inexplicably moving them some 1200 miles and simply releasing them here (outdoors in temperatures exceeding 100 degrees) rather than in Texas."[56][57]

Polygamy

In 2014 a federal jury awarded a couple living in Colorado City, Arizona, $5.2 million, for religious discrimination. The A.G.'s of both Utah and Arizona intervened in the case. The mostly polygamist towns of Hildale, Utah, and Colorado City, Arizona, and utilities had violated federal and state housing discrimination laws "by discriminating against the Cookes in the provision of services or facilities because of religion."[58] Horne was a long-time critic of the Colorado City police force, known as "the marshal's office." He felt that the marshals were an arm of the FLDS church instead of the law. In 2012 Horne allocated $420,000 to the Mohave County Sheriff's Office to patrol Colorado City.[59] In 2014 he asked for a federal judge to disband the office, after legislation he supported to do so failed to pass.[60][61] The motion was denied, but, the judge instructed the office to avoid discrimination.[62]

Outlaw Dirty Money Act

In December 2017, Tom Horne and former Phoenix mayor and state Attorney General Terry Goddard created the "Outlaw Dirty Money Act" which would reverse a trend in recent years of hiding the source of political contributions.[63]

Although over 285,768 signatures were submitted to get the initiative on the ballot, conservative groups filed a lawsuit to prevent the citizen initiative from appearing on the Arizona ballot, stating there were not enough valid signatures.[64]

In August 2018, the Arizona Supreme Court ordered that the "Outlaw Dirty Money Act" not appear on the ballot because supporters didn't submit enough valid voter signatures to qualify.[65] Many of the signatures disqualified in the ruling were thrown out because they were collected by 15 paid gatherers who didn't respond to subpoenas requiring them to appear in court for the lawsuit.[66]

Allegations of coordinating with an independent expenditure committee

In October 2012, after an FBI investigation, Maricopa County Attorney Bill Montgomery concluded that Horne deliberately broke campaign finance laws during his 2010 election campaign by coordinating with an independent expenditure committee run by Kathleen Winn.[67] In April 2014, an independent Administrative Law Judge concluded that the prosecution in the case "failed to establish by a preponderance of the evidence" that Horne illegally coordinated with the independent expenditure committee during the 2010 general election campaign for attorney general[68]

In May 2014, Yavapai County Attorney Sheila Polk, to whom that matter had been referred, rejected the administrative judge's recommendation and issued a final administrative decision ordering Horne and Winn to reimburse campaign donors $400,000. Horne and Winn appealed to the Maricopa County Superior Court, which upheld Polk's decision. They then appealed to the Court of Appeals.

On May 25, 2017, the Arizona Supreme Court voided the lower-court decisions, agreeing with Horne and Winn that they were denied due process because Polk was involved in the prosecution's strategy and case preparation. The case was sent back to the Attorney General's Office for a final administrative decision.[69]

On July 5, 2017, Horne was absolved of any wrongdoing by Cochise County Attorney Brian McIntyre, to whom the Attorney General's Office referred the case for the final administrative decision.[70] The final decision in Horne's favor stated: "The record, unfortunately, supports a conclusion that the investigation being conducted was not a search for the truth, but rather, only intended to shore up conclusions already drawn."[71] Horne was vindicated.

Horne's attorney, Dennis Wilenchik, stated he hopes "that this oppressive cloud that has (been) hanging over him since before the last election has gone away. This case was brought by an overzealous prosecutor who chose to act as 'judge, jury and executioner' and to overrule a judge. Justice has finally prevailed for the former Attorney General."[72]

Allegations of campaign finance law violations

On May 5, 2014, an attorney representing a former AG staff member and ex-Horne campaign volunteer, filed a litigation hold letter with the Arizona Attorney General's office, alleging that much of Horne's executive office staff is involved in "substantial campaigning" for his 2014 re-election, "while on state time and utilizing State resources," which, if proven true, could "represent a substantial violation of State and Federal laws which prohibit such conduct"[73]

The allegations first arose in the AG staffer's letter of resignation, which claimed that the office is "not following campaign laws or finance laws," imperiling her "legal well-being." Horne has denied the allegations, calling them a "complete fabrication."[74][75]

On July 7, 2014, the Arizona Secretary of State's Office released a memo, finding probable cause that Horne violated several campaign-finance laws related to allegations that Horne had employees doing his campaign work on state time, at the AG's office.[76][77] After investigation, no penalties were imposed.

On March 16, 2016, the Maricopa County Attorney's Office, after examining the allegations for more than a year and determining there was no reasonable likelihood of conviction, closed its investigation of Horne.[78]

Personal life

Horne was married to his wife, Martha, for 47 years. She died in 2019. The couple had five children, one of whom died at age three.[79]

In October 2007, while State Superintendent of Public Instruction, Horne was cited for criminal speeding in Scottsdale, Arizona. During a subsequent year-and-a-half period, Horne was cited for speeding six additional times, including once in a school zone.[80][81][82] The criminal speeding charge was settled as a traffic offense.[83]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Candidate Q & A: Tom Horne (REP) – Attorney General Candidate". The Arizona Republic. 2010. Retrieved January 12, 2011.
  2. ^ "Tom Horne loses in GOP primary".
  3. ^ a b "Meet the Attorney General". Arizona Attorney General. Retrieved 2011-01-12.
  4. ^ Kunichoff, Yana (November 17, 2022). "Who is Tom Horne? What to know about Arizona's new superintendent of public instruction". AZ Central. Retrieved November 26, 2022.
  5. ^ "Attorney General Tom Horne Biography - Project Vote Smart". Votesmart.org. 1945-03-28. Retrieved 2013-04-30.
  6. ^ "Tom Horne". NAAG. Retrieved 2013-04-30.
  7. ^ Horne, Thomas C. (1978). Arizona Construction Law: Thomas C. Horne. ISBN 978-0887260032.
  8. ^ Vandell, Perry. "Martha Horne, wife of former Arizona Attorney General Tom Horne, dies at 77". azcentral. Retrieved 2019-08-23.
  9. ^ a b "Attorney-general candidate Tom Horne denied 1970 bankruptcy". Arizona Central. 2010-06-20. Retrieved 2010-06-20.
  10. ^ Richardson, Bill (2010-09-14). "Here's What the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission Said about Republican AG Candidate Tom Horne". Phoenix New Times. Retrieved 2017-06-23.
  11. ^ "Tom Horne touts his legal background, success as superintendent". Arizona Republic. 2010-07-11. Retrieved 2011-01-12.
  12. ^ "Phoenix School of Law: News & Events". Phoenixlaw.edu. Retrieved 2013-04-30.
  13. ^ "onenation.org/article/horne-takes-hard-academic-positions/". www.onenation.org. Retrieved 2017-06-23.
  14. ^ "Help Center - the Arizona Republic".
  15. ^ "Search" (PDF).
  16. ^ "New social studies standards to help history teachers in state". Arizona Daily Sun. Retrieved 2017-06-23.
  17. ^ a b "CurriculumUpdate". District Administration Magazine. Retrieved 2017-06-23.
  18. ^ Services, Howard Fischer Capitol Media. "Horne for full-day kindergarten". Arizona Daily Star. Retrieved 2017-06-23.
  19. ^ Reese, Michelle. "Outcry over plan to cut full-day kindergarten". East Valley Tribune. Retrieved 2017-06-23.
  20. ^ "Search" (PDF).
  21. ^ "Search" (PDF).
  22. ^ Pinner, Jennifer. "Schools get new nutrition standards". East Valley Tribune. Retrieved 2017-06-23.
  23. ^ a b Smith, Fran (2009-01-28). "Why Arts Education Is Crucial, and Who's Doing It Best". Edutopia. Retrieved 2017-06-23.
  24. ^ "Superintendent Horne supports a comprehensive curriculum" (PDF).
  25. ^ PAUL DAVENPORT; GIOVANNA DELL'ORTO. "Keegan quits amid praise, criticism". Arizona Daily Sun. Associated Press. Retrieved 2017-06-23.
  26. ^ Arizona's Instrument to Measure Standards
  27. ^ East Valley Tribune; More students hit mark for AIMS High Honors Tuition Scholarships 22 January 2009.
  28. ^ a b Potkonjak, Marija. "05/01 – AIMS to play a role in free tuition". East Valley Tribune. Retrieved 2017-06-23.
  29. ^ "Help Center - the Arizona Republic".
  30. ^ Arizona Legislature; Arizona Revised Statue 15-112
  31. ^ "New AZ Law Targets 'Ethnic Studies' Programs". NPR. Retrieved 2017-06-23.
  32. ^ Wingett Sanchez, Yvonne (2014-08-27). "Horne concedes attorney general race to Brnovich". Arizona Republic. Retrieved 27 August 2014.
  33. ^ Horne defends state in S.B. 1070 suit
  34. ^ Goddard withdraws form S.B. 1070 lawsuit
  35. ^ Horne announces consumer protection initiative azcentral.com, November 18, 2010, Retrieved June 27, 2015
  36. ^ Phoenix auto body shop closed after sting
  37. ^ Regional auto repair chain to pay
  38. ^ NARPRO offers help
  39. ^ Big Banks, 49 States Reach $25 Billion Deal Over Foreclosure Abuses
  40. ^ Settlement of mortgage lawsuit.
  41. ^ Homeowners could get damage awards
  42. ^ Horne announces settlement with banks
  43. ^ $38 million to settle Sirius suit
  44. ^ Sirius XM fined
  45. ^ Pfizer settlement
  46. ^ "ARIZONA ET AL. v. INTER TRIBAL COUNCIL OF ARIZONA, INC., ET AL" (PDF).
  47. ^ Horne argues Arizona v. Inter Tribal
  48. ^ City gun laws unenforceable
  49. ^ Arizona armed principals
  50. ^ Arizona teacher guns
  51. ^ Bisbee civil union Horne agreement
  52. ^ Arizona gay marriage ruling
  53. ^ Horne no in-state tuition to dreamers
  54. ^ dreamers lawsuit protestors arrested
  55. ^ Arizona dreamers will continue to pay in-state tuition
  56. ^ Republicans threaten action over immigration
  57. ^ Arizona A.G. threatens lawsuit
  58. ^ Couple awarded $5.2million in Colorado City discrmination case Courthouse News, Retrieved July 4, 2015
  59. ^ Colorado City now has cops
  60. ^ Horne attempting to disband police force
  61. ^ Horne to renew effort to abolish Colorado City police
  62. ^ Chief marshall fired
  63. ^ https://www.phoenixnewtimes.com/news/goddard-arizona-initiative-ends-dark-money-political-donations[dead link]
  64. ^ "Conservative groups sue to knock 'dirty money' measure off Arizona ballot".
  65. ^ "Anti-'dirty money' initiative knocked off ballot in Arizona, Supreme Court rules".
  66. ^ "Thousands of signatures on anti-'dirty money' ballot measure tossed by judge".
  67. ^ Yvonne Wingett Sanchez and Craig Harris - Oct. 1, 2012. County Attorney: AG Tom Horne broke law.
  68. ^ "Judge rules Horne did not violate campaign finance laws".
  69. ^ "Court: Former Attorney General Tom Horne's rights violated in campaign case".
  70. ^ "Tom Horne won't have to pay $400,000 fine". 6 July 2017.
  71. ^ "Horne, Winn Cleared, Investigation "Not A Search For Truth"". Arizona Daily Independent. 2017-07-05. Retrieved 2018-02-05.
  72. ^ "After 7 years, Tom Horne cleared in case alleging illegal campaign activities".
  73. ^ . Archived from the original on 2014-05-10. Retrieved 2014-05-06.
  74. ^ "Horne staffer: AG Office 'not following campaign laws'".
  75. ^ "Is Tom Horne using AG's Office as campaign headquarters?".
  76. ^ . blogs.phoenixnewtimes.com. Archived from the original on 2014-07-13.
  77. ^ Santos, Fernanda (12 July 2014). "Legal Woes Pose Hurdles for Attorney General Tom Horne of Arizona in Campaign". The New York Times.
  78. ^ "What ever happened to the investigations into Tom Horne?".
  79. ^ Vandell, Perry (April 14, 2019). "Martha Horne, wife of former Arizona Attorney General Tom Horne, dies at 77". The Arizona Republic. Retrieved 19 August 2022.
  80. ^ Horne has gotten 6 speeding tickets in past 1 1/2 years The Arizona Republic 21 August 2009.
  81. ^ "Tom Horne Court Records". Smugmug.com. 2012-10-24. Retrieved 2013-04-30.
  82. ^ Who said it: Felecia Rotellini. "AZ Fact Check". Azcentral.com. Retrieved 2013-04-30.
  83. ^ "Help Center - the Arizona Republic".

Further reading

  • Simpson, Michael W. (April 2, 2009). "Tom Horne, Arizona Superintendent of Public Instruction Verse Tucson Unified School District's Ethnic Studies: A Critical Discourse Study". doi:10.2139/ssrn.1372387. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
Political offices
Preceded by Arizona Superintendent of Public Instruction
2003–2011 		Succeeded by
Legal offices
Preceded by Attorney General of Arizona
2011–2015 		Succeeded by

January 23, 2023
horne, other, people, named, thomas, horne, thomas, horne, disambiguation, thomas, charles, horne, born, march, 1945, american, attorney, politician, republican, activist, served, 25th, attorney, general, arizona, from, 2011, 2015, horne, lost, mark, brnovich,. For other people named Thomas Horne see Thomas Horne disambiguation Thomas Charles Horne born March 28 1945 1 is an American attorney politician and Republican activist who served as the 25th Attorney General of Arizona from 2011 to 2015 Horne lost to Mark Brnovich in the Republican primary for Attorney General in 2014 2 He previously served as the Arizona Superintendent of Public Instruction from 2003 to 2011 3 Horne was elected to another term as Superintendent of Public Instruction in 2022 4 Tom Horne19th and 23rd Arizona Superintendent of Public InstructionIncumbentAssumed office January 2 2023GovernorKatie HobbsPreceded byKathy HoffmanIn office January 1 2003 January 1 2011GovernorJanet NapolitanoJan BrewerPreceded byJaime MoleraSucceeded byJohn Huppenthal25th Attorney General of ArizonaIn office January 3 2011 January 5 2015GovernorJan BrewerPreceded byTerry GoddardSucceeded byMark BrnovichMember of the Arizona House of Representatives from the 24th districtIn office January 1997 January 2001Serving with Barbara LeffPreceded byErnest BairdSue GraceSucceeded byStephen TullyPersonal detailsBorn 1945 03 28 March 28 1945 age 77 Montreal CanadaPolitical partyRepublicanSpouseMartha died 2019 Children5 1 deceased EducationHarvard University BA JD Contents 1 Early life and education 2 Legal and business career 3 Arizona House of Representatives 4 State Superintendent of Public Instruction 4 1 Social studies standards 4 2 Full day kindergarten 4 3 Nutritional standards 4 4 Arts standards 4 5 Testing protocols 4 6 Arizona Instrument to Measure Success 4 7 Ban of ethnic studies classes 5 Attorney General 5 1 Arizona v United States 5 2 Consumer suits 5 3 25 billion mortgage settlement 5 4 Sirius XM settlement 5 5 Pfizer lawsuit 5 6 United States Supreme Court 5 7 Firearms regulations 5 8 Same sex marriage 5 9 Immigration 5 10 Immigration and Customs Enforcement 5 11 Polygamy 5 12 Outlaw Dirty Money Act 5 13 Allegations of coordinating with an independent expenditure committee 5 14 Allegations of campaign finance law violations 6 Personal life 7 See also 8 References 9 Further readingEarly life and education EditHorne was born in Montreal Quebec His parents refugees from Poland brought him to New York when he was age 4 upon which his parents being naturalized U S citizens Horne a minor at the time was also naturalized He is a graduate of Harvard College 1967 and Harvard Law School 1970 3 5 Legal and business career EditDuring his 30 years of law practice Horne served as Special Assistant Attorney General and a Judge Pro Tem in Maricopa County Superior Court and Arizona Court of Appeals 6 Horne served as a teacher of Legal Writing at Sandra Day O Connor College of Law and is the author a legal text on construction law published by the State Bar of Arizona 7 Horne served on the board of the Paradise Valley Unified School District for 24 years including 10 as board chair 8 Horne was the president of T C Horne amp Co an investment firm he founded in the late 1960s After the firm went bankrupt in 1970 Horne received a lifetime trading ban from the Securities and Exchange Commission 9 The 1973 SEC report alleged that as president of T C Horne amp Co Horne among other things violated the record keeping anti fraud and broker dealer net capital provisions of the federal securities laws and filed false financial reports with the commission Horne stipulated to an SEC finding that he and his firm willfully aided and abetted in violations of securities laws 9 Horne would later state that these problems stemmed from his attempts to enter into early on computerization and that he got in over his head while working his way through law school 10 Arizona House of Representatives EditHorne served in the Arizona House of Representatives from 1997 until 2001 11 He chaired the Academic Accountability Committee and served as vice chair of the Education Committee 12 State Superintendent of Public Instruction EditAfter 24 years as a school board member and four years as a legislator 13 Horne served as the elected Superintendent of Public Instruction from 2003 to 2011 14 Social studies standards Edit Among his earliest acts in office was to push for a strengthening of Arizona s social studies standards so that instruction on topics such as the United States Constitution and the Declaration of Independence would be emphasized not only in elementary grades but reiterated at later grade levels 15 Under the new standards developed during his administration second graders would study ancient civilizations in China and India as well as how inventions of paper and fireworks in Asia contributed to the development of later civilizations 16 In September 2006 Horne announced a partnership with History Education and The History Channel to implement a statewide social studies initiative Funding for the program was 3 7 million 17 I am tremendously gratified that The History Channel has recognized the hard work that it has taken to strengthen Arizona s history standards said Horne 17 Full day kindergarten Edit Horne was an advocate for full day kindergarten Horne said a review of nationwide research on the issue showed that all day programs appeared to reduce the achievement gap between students from poor households and those from more affluent homes He also said that children who come to school speaking a language other than English also benefit 18 The teachers tell me a substantial number of their students are reading and they were not able to do that in the half day program Horne said For students in poor neighborhoods to be reading is a huge step forward to eliminate the fact that when kids are behind when they start they never catch up 19 Nutritional standards Edit He also pushed for nutritional standards that removed junk food from schools in the elementary grades and created incentives for secondary schools to do so on a voluntary basis 20 21 Most parents want their kids to eat healthy and resent it when the schools undermine that and have vending machines full of candy and soda he said 22 Arts standards Edit Horne a classically trained pianist and founder of the Phoenix Baroque Ensemble 23 was an advocate of increasing arts education in schools If they re worried about test scores and want a way to get them higher they need to give kids more arts not less said Horne There s lots of evidence that kids immersed in the arts do better on their academic tests 23 Horne continued Arts are an essential part of every student s education Studies show that students who study the arts score higher on academic tests than students not exposed to the arts The Department of Education needs to ensure that schools have not neglected the arts in order to emphasize the tested subject areas of reading writing and math 24 Testing protocols Edit Testing protocols were also significantly changed during Horne s administration He oversaw the development of a dual purpose assessment that was unique in combining assessments on both state and nationally defined standards This cut standardized testing time in half restoring that time to classroom instruction citation needed Arizona Instrument to Measure Success Edit Horne also continued to implement the Arizona Instrument to Measure Success AIMS test which was created by Lisa Graham Keegan 25 and approved by the legislature in the 1990s but did not go into effect until 2006 26 Despite minor controversy over the requirement that students pass the test before graduating high school the test became an accepted part of the state education system until it was replaced in 2014 Horne created an incentive program whereby students who exceeded standards on the AIMS test and met other criteria received tuition scholarships to Arizona s public universities 27 For a high honors diploma which guaranteed free tuition at any of Arizona s three universities a student must have exceeded the standard on the Arizona Instrument to Measure Standards in reading math and writing in addition to earning a B or better in all 16 core classes and graduate with a cumulative grade point average of 3 5 or be in the top five percent of the graduating class An alternative was to exceed the standard on two categories on AIMS and get a score of 3 or better on two Advanced Placement or International Baccalaureate tests 28 The essence of this action is to support the encouragement of schools and students to strive not just for proficiency but to exceed proficiency said Horne It will be a powerful incentive 28 Ban of ethnic studies classes Edit Horne sought to address curriculum matters as they related to ethnic studies Horne was alerted to the La Raza Spanish literal translation The Race meaning the people ethnic studies program Mexican American Studies in the Tucson Unified School District and based on a review of the curriculum championed a law to address what he viewed as the problems these materials presented 29 A state law was passed that prohibited curricula that either 1 Promote the overthrow of the United States government 2 Promote resentment toward a race or class of people 3 Are designed primarily for pupils of a particular ethnic group 4 Advocate ethnic solidarity instead of the treatment of pupils as individuals 30 Horne said We think kids should be taught together They should be taught to treat each other as individuals that what race they happened to have been born into is irrelevant What s relevant is what you know what you can do what s your character not what race you happened to have been born into And we teach the contributions of different groups together in a social studies class for all kids It s contrary I believe to American values to divide kids by race and teach each race only about its own contributions We want to teach all kids about all different contributions 31 Attorney General EditOn November 2 2010 Horne defeated Felecia Rotellini in the race for Arizona Attorney General in the 2010 elections On August 26 2014 Horne was defeated in his reelection campaign in the Republican primary by Mark Brnovich Brnovich defeated Horne by a margin of 54 to 46 32 Arizona v United States Edit Within a few weeks of becoming A G his office had filed an appearance in Arizona v United States defending the governor and the state against the Obama administration s federal court challenge to S B 1070 My job as attorney general is to defend the state of Arizona Horne said 33 The previous A G Terry Goddard had withdrawn from the case acceding to the demands of Governor Jan Brewer 34 Consumer suits Edit Shortly after winning the 2010 election Horne announced that he wanted the office to do more in the way of consumer protection even when the cases are small pursuing violations of the Arizona Consumer Fraud Act 35 This led to a string of sting operations against auto repair businesses 36 37 prompting an offer from an industry group to assist the A G in cleaning up the repair business 38 25 billion mortgage settlement Edit Horne was involved with other A G s in several consumer suits On February 19 2012 Horne announced Arizona had reached agreement to join a 25 billion agreement with the nation s five largest mortgage servicers over abuse and fraud allegations Arizona s share was 1 6 billion with 1 3 billion for underwater negative equity homeowners The settlement was the result of an initiative that included 49 A G s 39 40 A similar suit against SunTrust netted 40 million for damaged Arizona homeowners 41 There was also a separate Arizona only settlement with the Bank of America over mortgage practices which included costs incurred by the A G s office in the lawsuit 42 Sirius XM settlement Edit A G s in 44 states including Arizona and D C had sued Sirius XM alleging that it had engaged in misleading unfair and deceptive practices 43 On December 4 2014 Horne announced that 230 000 of the 3 8 million settlement would go to affected Arizona consumers 44 Pfizer lawsuit Edit Horne and other A G s reached an agreement with Pfizer Inc in 2014 after accusing it of unlawfully promoting Rapamune an immunosuppressive drug 721 169 went to Arizona deposited into the Consumer Fraud Revolving Fund 45 United States Supreme Court Edit In a 2012 United States Supreme Court case Arizona v Inter Tribal Council of Arizona Inc Horne argued that Arizona s voter registration requirements were not preempted by the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 The case was decided against Horne and Arizona by a 7 2 vote The decision stated Arizona is correct that the Elections Clause empowers Congress to regulate how federal elections are held but not who may vote in them The latter is the province of the states However because Horne s predecessor as Attorney General had not appealed an adverse decision by the commission the case was sent back for a new petition to the commission to be appealed It was consolidated with a 10th circuit case which ruled adversely and the Supreme Court chose not to review a second time 46 The Court also held that Arizona may petition to have more requirements added to the federal standard 47 Firearms regulations Edit In 2013 Horne wrote an opinion that defended the state preemption of regulation of firearms he found that Tucson s city gun laws were unenforceable 48 In 2012 Horne proposed that a principal or a designee be trained and armed in each school 49 In 2013 he proposed legislation that would allow teachers to carry guns in public schools 50 Same sex marriage Edit Horne threatened to sue the city of Bisbee Arizona over a 2013 ordinance recognizing same sex couples He withdrew the threat several days later when Bisbee agreed to rewrite the ordinance removing rights reserved for married couples under Arizona law 51 In October 2014 a federal judge ruled that Arizona s law banning gay marriage was unconstitutional and Horne did not appeal He felt the chance of it being overturned was zero and added I think it is over 52 Immigration Edit Horne filed a 2013 lawsuit that compelled the Maricopa County Community College District to end its policy of in state tuition for dreamers undocumented immigrants with federal work permits who came to the U S as children When accused of being anti immigrant Horne responded that he was one himself being born in Canada Horne met with students and explained that he was obligated to enforce the law 53 Activists held protests and many were arrested 54 On May 5 2015 a Maricopa Superior Court judge ruled that dreamers could pay in state tuition rates ending the two year lawsuit then A G Horne had filed 55 Immigration and Customs Enforcement Edit Horne criticized the 2014 Immigration and Customs Enforcement ICE practice of sending illegal immigrants from Texas to Arizona These aliens are not being transported for the purposes of detaining them in a federal facility located in Arizona Horne wrote in a letter to the Department of Homeland Security Rather DHS is inexplicably moving them some 1200 miles and simply releasing them here outdoors in temperatures exceeding 100 degrees rather than in Texas 56 57 Polygamy Edit In 2014 a federal jury awarded a couple living in Colorado City Arizona 5 2 million for religious discrimination The A G s of both Utah and Arizona intervened in the case The mostly polygamist towns of Hildale Utah and Colorado City Arizona and utilities had violated federal and state housing discrimination laws by discriminating against the Cookes in the provision of services or facilities because of religion 58 Horne was a long time critic of the Colorado City police force known as the marshal s office He felt that the marshals were an arm of the FLDS church instead of the law In 2012 Horne allocated 420 000 to the Mohave County Sheriff s Office to patrol Colorado City 59 In 2014 he asked for a federal judge to disband the office after legislation he supported to do so failed to pass 60 61 The motion was denied but the judge instructed the office to avoid discrimination 62 Outlaw Dirty Money Act Edit In December 2017 Tom Horne and former Phoenix mayor and state Attorney General Terry Goddard created the Outlaw Dirty Money Act which would reverse a trend in recent years of hiding the source of political contributions 63 Although over 285 768 signatures were submitted to get the initiative on the ballot conservative groups filed a lawsuit to prevent the citizen initiative from appearing on the Arizona ballot stating there were not enough valid signatures 64 In August 2018 the Arizona Supreme Court ordered that the Outlaw Dirty Money Act not appear on the ballot because supporters didn t submit enough valid voter signatures to qualify 65 Many of the signatures disqualified in the ruling were thrown out because they were collected by 15 paid gatherers who didn t respond to subpoenas requiring them to appear in court for the lawsuit 66 Allegations of coordinating with an independent expenditure committee Edit In October 2012 after an FBI investigation Maricopa County Attorney Bill Montgomery concluded that Horne deliberately broke campaign finance laws during his 2010 election campaign by coordinating with an independent expenditure committee run by Kathleen Winn 67 In April 2014 an independent Administrative Law Judge concluded that the prosecution in the case failed to establish by a preponderance of the evidence that Horne illegally coordinated with the independent expenditure committee during the 2010 general election campaign for attorney general 68 In May 2014 Yavapai County Attorney Sheila Polk to whom that matter had been referred rejected the administrative judge s recommendation and issued a final administrative decision ordering Horne and Winn to reimburse campaign donors 400 000 Horne and Winn appealed to the Maricopa County Superior Court which upheld Polk s decision They then appealed to the Court of Appeals On May 25 2017 the Arizona Supreme Court voided the lower court decisions agreeing with Horne and Winn that they were denied due process because Polk was involved in the prosecution s strategy and case preparation The case was sent back to the Attorney General s Office for a final administrative decision 69 On July 5 2017 Horne was absolved of any wrongdoing by Cochise County Attorney Brian McIntyre to whom the Attorney General s Office referred the case for the final administrative decision 70 The final decision in Horne s favor stated The record unfortunately supports a conclusion that the investigation being conducted was not a search for the truth but rather only intended to shore up conclusions already drawn 71 Horne was vindicated Horne s attorney Dennis Wilenchik stated he hopes that this oppressive cloud that has been hanging over him since before the last election has gone away This case was brought by an overzealous prosecutor who chose to act as judge jury and executioner and to overrule a judge Justice has finally prevailed for the former Attorney General 72 Allegations of campaign finance law violations Edit On May 5 2014 an attorney representing a former AG staff member and ex Horne campaign volunteer filed a litigation hold letter with the Arizona Attorney General s office alleging that much of Horne s executive office staff is involved in substantial campaigning for his 2014 re election while on state time and utilizing State resources which if proven true could represent a substantial violation of State and Federal laws which prohibit such conduct 73 The allegations first arose in the AG staffer s letter of resignation which claimed that the office is not following campaign laws or finance laws imperiling her legal well being Horne has denied the allegations calling them a complete fabrication 74 75 On July 7 2014 the Arizona Secretary of State s Office released a memo finding probable cause that Horne violated several campaign finance laws related to allegations that Horne had employees doing his campaign work on state time at the AG s office 76 77 After investigation no penalties were imposed On March 16 2016 the Maricopa County Attorney s Office after examining the allegations for more than a year and determining there was no reasonable likelihood of conviction closed its investigation of Horne 78 Personal life EditHorne was married to his wife Martha for 47 years She died in 2019 The couple had five children one of whom died at age three 79 In October 2007 while State Superintendent of Public Instruction Horne was cited for criminal speeding in Scottsdale Arizona During a subsequent year and a half period Horne was cited for speeding six additional times including once in a school zone 80 81 82 The criminal speeding charge was settled as a traffic offense 83 See also Edit Biography portalArizona Memory Project Video on Histories of Arizona Jewish Residents Tom Horne Interview English for Children Arizona Proposition 203 2000 References Edit Candidate Q amp A Tom Horne REP Attorney General Candidate The Arizona Republic 2010 Retrieved January 12 2011 Tom Horne loses in GOP primary a b Meet the Attorney General Arizona Attorney General Retrieved 2011 01 12 Kunichoff Yana November 17 2022 Who is Tom Horne What to know about Arizona s new superintendent of public instruction AZ Central Retrieved November 26 2022 Attorney General Tom Horne Biography Project Vote Smart Votesmart org 1945 03 28 Retrieved 2013 04 30 Tom Horne NAAG Retrieved 2013 04 30 Horne Thomas C 1978 Arizona Construction Law Thomas C Horne ISBN 978 0887260032 Vandell Perry Martha Horne wife of former Arizona Attorney General Tom Horne dies at 77 azcentral Retrieved 2019 08 23 a b Attorney general candidate Tom Horne denied 1970 bankruptcy Arizona Central 2010 06 20 Retrieved 2010 06 20 Richardson Bill 2010 09 14 Here s What the U S Securities and Exchange Commission Said about Republican AG Candidate Tom Horne Phoenix New Times Retrieved 2017 06 23 Tom Horne touts his legal background success as superintendent Arizona Republic 2010 07 11 Retrieved 2011 01 12 Phoenix School of Law News amp Events Phoenixlaw edu Retrieved 2013 04 30 onenation org article horne takes hard academic positions www onenation org Retrieved 2017 06 23 Help Center the Arizona Republic Search PDF New social studies standards to help history teachers in state Arizona Daily Sun Retrieved 2017 06 23 a b CurriculumUpdate District Administration Magazine Retrieved 2017 06 23 Services Howard Fischer Capitol Media Horne for full day kindergarten Arizona Daily Star Retrieved 2017 06 23 Reese Michelle Outcry over plan to cut full day kindergarten East Valley Tribune Retrieved 2017 06 23 Search PDF Search PDF Pinner Jennifer Schools get new nutrition standards East Valley Tribune Retrieved 2017 06 23 a b Smith Fran 2009 01 28 Why Arts Education Is Crucial and Who s Doing It Best Edutopia Retrieved 2017 06 23 Superintendent Horne supports a comprehensive curriculum PDF PAUL DAVENPORT GIOVANNA DELL ORTO Keegan quits amid praise criticism Arizona Daily Sun Associated Press Retrieved 2017 06 23 Arizona s Instrument to Measure Standards East Valley Tribune More students hit mark for AIMS High Honors Tuition Scholarships 22 January 2009 a b Potkonjak Marija 05 01 AIMS to play a role in free tuition East Valley Tribune Retrieved 2017 06 23 Help Center the Arizona Republic Arizona Legislature Arizona Revised Statue 15 112 New AZ Law Targets Ethnic Studies Programs NPR Retrieved 2017 06 23 Wingett Sanchez Yvonne 2014 08 27 Horne concedes attorney general race to Brnovich Arizona Republic Retrieved 27 August 2014 Horne defends state in S B 1070 suit Goddard withdraws form S B 1070 lawsuit Horne announces consumer protection initiative azcentral com November 18 2010 Retrieved June 27 2015 Phoenix auto body shop closed after sting Regional auto repair chain to pay NARPRO offers help Big Banks 49 States Reach 25 Billion Deal Over Foreclosure Abuses Settlement of mortgage lawsuit Homeowners could get damage awards Horne announces settlement with banks 38 million to settle Sirius suit Sirius XM fined Pfizer settlement ARIZONA ET AL v INTER TRIBAL COUNCIL OF ARIZONA INC ET AL PDF Horne argues Arizona v Inter Tribal City gun laws unenforceable Arizona armed principals Arizona teacher guns Bisbee civil union Horne agreement Arizona gay marriage ruling Horne no in state tuition to dreamers dreamers lawsuit protestors arrested Arizona dreamers will continue to pay in state tuition Republicans threaten action over immigration Arizona A G threatens lawsuit Couple awarded 5 2million in Colorado City discrmination case Courthouse News Retrieved July 4 2015 Colorado City now has cops Horne attempting to disband police force Horne to renew effort to abolish Colorado City police Chief marshall fired https www phoenixnewtimes com news goddard arizona initiative ends dark money political donations dead link Conservative groups sue to knock dirty money measure off Arizona ballot Anti dirty money initiative knocked off ballot in Arizona Supreme Court rules Thousands of signatures on anti dirty money ballot measure tossed by judge Yvonne Wingett Sanchez and Craig Harris Oct 1 2012 County Attorney AG Tom Horne broke law Judge rules Horne did not violate campaign finance laws Court Former Attorney General Tom Horne s rights violated in campaign case Tom Horne won t have to pay 400 000 fine 6 July 2017 Horne Winn Cleared Investigation Not A Search For Truth Arizona Daily Independent 2017 07 05 Retrieved 2018 02 05 After 7 years Tom Horne cleared in case alleging illegal campaign activities Tom Horne Accused of Possible Violations of Federal State Law by Tom Ryan Attorney for Ex AG Staffer Sarah Beattie Phoenix New Times Archived from the original on 2014 05 10 Retrieved 2014 05 06 Horne staffer AG Office not following campaign laws Is Tom Horne using AG s Office as campaign headquarters Tom Horne Campaign Finance Case Investigators Find Probable Cause Phoenix New Times blogs phoenixnewtimes com Archived from the original on 2014 07 13 Santos Fernanda 12 July 2014 Legal Woes Pose Hurdles for Attorney General Tom Horne of Arizona in Campaign The New York Times What ever happened to the investigations into Tom Horne Vandell Perry April 14 2019 Martha Horne wife of former Arizona Attorney General Tom Horne dies at 77 The Arizona Republic Retrieved 19 August 2022 Horne has gotten 6 speeding tickets in past 1 1 2 years The Arizona Republic 21 August 2009 Tom Horne Court Records Smugmug com 2012 10 24 Retrieved 2013 04 30 Who said it Felecia Rotellini AZ Fact Check Azcentral com Retrieved 2013 04 30 Help Center the Arizona Republic Further reading EditSimpson Michael W April 2 2009 Tom Horne Arizona Superintendent of Public Instruction Verse Tucson Unified School District s Ethnic Studies A Critical Discourse Study doi 10 2139 ssrn 1372387 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help Political officesPreceded byJaime Molera Arizona Superintendent of Public Instruction2003 2011 Succeeded byJohn HuppenthalLegal officesPreceded byTerry Goddard Attorney General of Arizona2011 2015 Succeeded byMark Brnovich Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Tom Horne amp oldid 1131153025, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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