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Tola (unit)

The tola (Hindi: तोला; Urdu: تولا tolā) also transliterated as tolah or tole, is a traditional Ancient Indian and South Asian unit of mass, now standardised as 180 grains (11.6638038 grams) or exactly ⅜ troy ounce. It was the base unit of mass in the British Indian system of weights and measures introduced in 1833, although it had been in use for much longer.[1] It was also used in Aden and Zanzibar: in the latter, one tola was equivalent to 175.90 troy grains (0.97722222 British tolas, or 11.33980925 grams).[2]

Silver rupee coins, issued by the British East India Company, were a practical standard for the tola.
400 tolas

The tola is a Vedic measure, with the name derived from the Sanskrit tol (तोलः root तुल्) meaning "weighing" or "weight".[3] One tola was traditionally the weight of 100 ratti (ruttee) seeds,[4] and its exact weight varied according to locality. However, it is also a convenient mass for a coin: several pre-colonial coins, including the currency of Akbar the Great (1556–1605), had a mass of "one tola" within slight variation.[1][5] The very first rupee (Urdu: رپيا; rupayā), minted by Sher Shah Suri (1540–45), had a mass of 178 troy grains, or about 1% less than the British tola.[6] The British East India Company issued a silver rupee coin of 180 troy grains, and this became the practical standard mass for the tola well into the 20th century.[7]

A set of tolas

The British tola of 180 troy grains (from 1833) can be seen as more of a standardisation than a redefinition: the previous standard in the Bengal Presidency, the system of "sicca weights", was the mass of one Murshidabad rupee, 179.666 troy grains.[1] For the larger weights used in commerce (in the Bengal Presidency), the variation in the pre-1833 standards was found to be greater than the adjustment.[1]

The tola formed the base for units of mass under the British Indian system, and was also the standard measure of gold and silver bullion.[1] Although the tola has been officially replaced by metric units since 1956,[8] it is still in current use, and is a popular denomination for gold bullion bars in Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Singapore, with a ten tola bar being the most commonly traded.[9] In Nepal, minting of tola size gold coins continue up to the present, even though the currency of Nepal is called rupee and has no official connection to the tola. It is also used in most gold markets (bazars/souks) in the United Arab Emirates and in all the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (GCC) countries.

Tola is still used as a measure of charas (Indian hashish).[10] On the black market, however, one tola equals a mass of ~10g and not the actual mass of one tola.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Prinsep, James (1840), Useful tables, forming an appendix to the Journal of the Asiatic Society: part the first, Coins, weights, and measures of British India (2nd ed.), Calcutta: Bishop's College Press, pp. 65–74, 79–90.
  2. ^ tola, Sizes, Inc.
  3. ^ Platts, John T. (1884), A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co., p. 344, archived from the original on 2012-05-27.
  4. ^ Martin, Robert Montgomery. Statistics of the colonies of the British empire, London: W.H. Allen and Co., 1839, p. 143.
  5. ^ Prinsep (1840), pp. 45–53.
  6. ^ , RBI Monetary Museum, archived from the original on 2008-05-16, retrieved 2008-05-04.
  7. ^ Silberrad, C. A. (1922), "New Weights and Measures for India", Nature, 110 (2770): 735, Bibcode:1922Natur.110Q.735S, doi:10.1038/110735a0, S2CID 4136423
  8. ^ Standards of Weights and Measures Act, 1956 (No. 89 of 1956) 2009-09-28 at the Wayback Machine.
  9. ^ Green, Timothy (1970). The world of gold. Simon and Schuster. pp. 103, 179.
  10. ^ David Hooper, F.C.S., F.L.S. (September 19, 1908). "Charas of Indian Hemp". Pharmaceutical Journal: A Weekly Record of Pharmacy and Allied Sciences. J. Churchill: 347.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

External links

  • Tola unit converter

tola, unit, other, uses, tola, disambiguation, tola, hindi, urdu, تولا, tolā, also, transliterated, tolah, tole, traditional, ancient, indian, south, asian, unit, mass, standardised, grains, 6638038, grams, exactly, troy, ounce, base, unit, mass, british, indi. For other uses see Tola disambiguation The tola Hindi त ल Urdu تولا tola also transliterated as tolah or tole is a traditional Ancient Indian and South Asian unit of mass now standardised as 180 grains 11 6638038 grams or exactly troy ounce It was the base unit of mass in the British Indian system of weights and measures introduced in 1833 although it had been in use for much longer 1 It was also used in Aden and Zanzibar in the latter one tola was equivalent to 175 90 troy grains 0 97722222 British tolas or 11 33980925 grams 2 Silver rupee coins issued by the British East India Company were a practical standard for the tola 400 tolas The tola is a Vedic measure with the name derived from the Sanskrit tol त ल root त ल meaning weighing or weight 3 One tola was traditionally the weight of 100 ratti ruttee seeds 4 and its exact weight varied according to locality However it is also a convenient mass for a coin several pre colonial coins including the currency of Akbar the Great 1556 1605 had a mass of one tola within slight variation 1 5 The very first rupee Urdu رپيا rupaya minted by Sher Shah Suri 1540 45 had a mass of 178 troy grains or about 1 less than the British tola 6 The British East India Company issued a silver rupee coin of 180 troy grains and this became the practical standard mass for the tola well into the 20th century 7 A set of tolas The British tola of 180 troy grains from 1833 can be seen as more of a standardisation than a redefinition the previous standard in the Bengal Presidency the system of sicca weights was the mass of one Murshidabad rupee 179 666 troy grains 1 For the larger weights used in commerce in the Bengal Presidency the variation in the pre 1833 standards was found to be greater than the adjustment 1 The tola formed the base for units of mass under the British Indian system and was also the standard measure of gold and silver bullion 1 Although the tola has been officially replaced by metric units since 1956 8 it is still in current use and is a popular denomination for gold bullion bars in Bangladesh India Nepal Pakistan and Singapore with a ten tola bar being the most commonly traded 9 In Nepal minting of tola size gold coins continue up to the present even though the currency of Nepal is called rupee and has no official connection to the tola It is also used in most gold markets bazars souks in the United Arab Emirates and in all the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf GCC countries Tola is still used as a measure of charas Indian hashish 10 On the black market however one tola equals a mass of 10g and not the actual mass of one tola See also EditTroy ounceReferences Edit a b c d e Prinsep James 1840 Useful tables forming an appendix to the Journal of the Asiatic Society part the first Coins weights and measures of British India 2nd ed Calcutta Bishop s College Press pp 65 74 79 90 tola Sizes Inc Platts John T 1884 A dictionary of Urdu classical Hindi and English London W H Allen amp Co p 344 archived from the original on 2012 05 27 Martin Robert Montgomery Statistics of the colonies of the British empire London W H Allen and Co 1839 p 143 Prinsep 1840 pp 45 53 Mughal Coinage RBI Monetary Museum archived from the original on 2008 05 16 retrieved 2008 05 04 Silberrad C A 1922 New Weights and Measures for India Nature 110 2770 735 Bibcode 1922Natur 110Q 735S doi 10 1038 110735a0 S2CID 4136423 Standards of Weights and Measures Act 1956 No 89 of 1956 Archived 2009 09 28 at the Wayback Machine Green Timothy 1970 The world of gold Simon and Schuster pp 103 179 David Hooper F C S F L S September 19 1908 Charas of Indian Hemp Pharmaceutical Journal A Weekly Record of Pharmacy and Allied Sciences J Churchill 347 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tola Tola unit converter Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Tola unit amp oldid 1144932645, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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