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Latin Patriarchate of Constantinople

April 24, 2024

The Latin Patriarchate of Constantinople was an office established as a result of the Fourth Crusade and its conquest of Constantinople in 1204. It was a Roman Catholic replacement for the Eastern Orthodox Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople and remained in the city until the reconquest of Constantinople by the Byzantines in 1261, whereupon it became a titular see. The office was abolished in 1964.

Antonio Anastasio Rossi, last Latin Patriarch of Constantinople (d. 1948)

History edit

In the early middle ages, there were five patriarchs in the Christian world. In descending order of precedence: Rome by the Bishop of Rome (who rarely used the title "Patriarch") and those of Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem.

The sees of Rome and Constantinople were often at odds with one another, just as the Greek and Latin Churches as a whole were often at odds both politically and in things ecclesiastical. There were complex cultural currents underlying these difficulties. The tensions led in 1054 to a serious rupture between the Greek East and Latin West called the East–West Schism, which while not in many places absolute, still dominates the ecclesiastical landscape.

In 1204, the Fourth Crusade invaded, seized and sacked Constantinople, and established the Latin Empire. Pope Innocent III, who was not involved, initially spoke out against the Crusade, writing in a letter to his legate, "How, indeed, is the Greek church to be brought back into ecclesiastical union and to a devotion for the Apostolic See when she has been beset with so many afflictions and persecutions that she sees in the Latins only an example of perdition and the works of darkness, so that she now, and with reason, detests the Latins more than dogs?"[1][2] However the popes accepted the Latin patriarchate established by Catholic clergy that accompanied the Crusade, similar to Latin patriarchates previously established in the Crusader states of the Holy Land. The pope recognised these "Latin" sees at the Fourth Council of the Lateran. Furthermore, those Orthodox bishops left in their place were made to swear an oath of allegiance to the pope.[3]

However, the Latin Empire in Constantinople was eventually defeated and dispossessed by a resurgent Byzantium in 1261. Since that time Latin Patriarch Pantaleonе Giustinian (d. 1286) resided in the West, though continuing to oversee the remaining Latin Catholic dioceses in various parts of Latin Greece.[4] The continuing threat of a Catholic Crusade to restore the Latin Empire, championed by the ambitious Charles I of Anjou, led to the first attempts, on the Byzantine side, to effect a Union of the Churches. After the Union of Lyon (1274), John Bekkos was installed as a Greek Catholic Patriarch of Constantinople in 1275, but that did not affect the position of Pantaleonе Giustinian. His Greek Catholic counterpart was deposed in 1282 by Eastern Orthodox hierarchy, thus ending a short-lived union. in 1286, Latin Patriarch Pantaleonе Giustinian was succeeded by Pietro Correr who was the first holder of that office in a new form of a titular see.

On 8 February 1314, Pope Clement V united the Patriarchate with the episcopal see of Negroponte (Chalcis), hitherto a suffragan of the Latin Archbishopric of Athens, so that the patriarchs could once more have a territorial diocese on Greek soil and exercise a direct role as the head of the Latin clergy in what remained of Latin Greece.[5]

For a time, like many ecclesiastical offices in the West, it had rival contenders who were supporters or protégés of the rival popes.[citation needed] As to the title Latin Patriarch of Constantinople, this was the case at least from 1378 to 1423. Thereafter the office continued as an honorific title, during the later centuries attributed to a leading clergyman in Rome, until it ceased to be assigned after 1948 and in January 1964, along with the titles of the Latin Patriarchate of Alexandria and Antioch, it was no longer mentioned in the Vatican yearbook (rather than being announced as being abolished).[6] This was after Pope Paul VI met with Ecumenical Patriarch Athenagoras I of Constantinople (see Pope Paul VI and ecumenism), showing the Latin Church by this point was more interested in reconciliation with the Eastern Church, abolishing the titular title. [7]

A Vicariate Apostolic of Istanbul (until 1990, Constantinople) has existed from 1742 into the present day.

List of Latin Patriarchs of Constantinople edit

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Phillips, J., (2009) Holy Warriors: A Modern History of the Crusades (Vintage Books; London), p195.
  2. ^ Pope Innocent III - To Peter, Cardinal Priest of the Title of St. Marcellus, Legate of the Apostolic See. However, on the way to attack Constantinople the crusaders attacked another Christian city, Zara, and received papal absolution for this. de Villehardouin, G., (1908) Memoirs or Chronicle of The Fourth Crusade and The Conquest of Constantinople (J.M. Dent; London), p26.
  3. ^ Papadakis, A., (1994) The Christian East and the Rise of the Papacy, (St Vladimir’s Seminary Press; Crestwood, NY), p204.
  4. ^ "Giustinian, Pantaleonе". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, Volume 57: Giulini–Gonzaga (in Italian). Rome: Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana. 2001. ISBN 978-8-81200032-6.
  5. ^ Loenertz 1966, pp. 266–267.
  6. ^ "Three Latin quriarchafes dropped, yearbook reveals". 1964. p. 2. Retrieved 7 April 2023.
  7. ^ McCormack, Alan (1997). "The Term "privilege": A Textual Study of Its Meaning and Use in the 1983 Code of Canon Law". Gregorian Biblical BookShop. p. 184. ISBN 9788876527739. Retrieved 5 June 2020.
  8. ^ "Constantinople (Titular See)" Catholic-Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. retrieved March 24, 2016
  9. ^ "Titular Patriarchal See of Constantinople" GCatholic.org. Gabriel Chow. Retrieved March 24, 2016
  10. ^ Wolff 1954.
  11. ^ Hazlitt, W. Carew (1860). History of the Venetian republic: her rise, her greatness, and her civilisation, Vol. IV. London: Smith, Elder and Co., 65, Cornhill. p. Chapter 22. Contarini was at the Council of Constance in November 1414.
  12. ^ "Patriarch Bonaventura Secusio, O.F.M. Obs." Catholic-Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. Retrieved September 30, 2016
  13. ^ "Patriarch Ascanio Gesualdo" Catholic-Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. Retrieved March 21, 2016

Sources and external links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Latin Patriarchs of Constantinople.
  • Giorgio Fedalto, La Chiesa latina in Oriente, Mazziana, Verona, 2nd ed. 1981, e vol.
  • Loenertz, R.-J. (1966). "Cardinale Morosini et Paul Paléologue Tagaris, patriarches, et Antoine Ballester, vicaire du Papae, dans le patriarcat de Constantinople (1332-34 et 1380-87)". Revue des études byzantines (in French). 24: 224–256. doi:10.3406/rebyz.1966.1373.
  • Wolff, Robert Lee (1948). "The Organization of the Latin Patriarchate of Constantinople, 1204–1261: Social and Administrative Consequences of the Latin Conquest". Traditio. VI. Cambridge University Press: 33–60. doi:10.1017/S0362152900004359. JSTOR 27830170. S2CID 151901021.
  • Wolff, Robert Lee (1954). "Politics in the Latin Patriarchate of Constantinople, 1204–1261". Dumbarton Oaks Papers. 8. Dumbarton Oaks: 225–303. doi:10.2307/1291068. JSTOR 1291068.
  • List of Latin Patriarchs of Constantinople by GCatholic.org
  • Catholic Hierarchy

April 24, 2024
latin, patriarchate, constantinople, office, established, result, fourth, crusade, conquest, constantinople, 1204, roman, catholic, replacement, eastern, orthodox, ecumenical, patriarchate, constantinople, remained, city, until, reconquest, constantinople, byz. The Latin Patriarchate of Constantinople was an office established as a result of the Fourth Crusade and its conquest of Constantinople in 1204 It was a Roman Catholic replacement for the Eastern Orthodox Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople and remained in the city until the reconquest of Constantinople by the Byzantines in 1261 whereupon it became a titular see The office was abolished in 1964 Antonio Anastasio Rossi last Latin Patriarch of Constantinople d 1948 Contents 1 History 2 List of Latin Patriarchs of Constantinople 3 See also 4 References 5 Sources and external linksHistory editIn the early middle ages there were five patriarchs in the Christian world In descending order of precedence Rome by the Bishop of Rome who rarely used the title Patriarch and those of Constantinople Alexandria Antioch and Jerusalem The sees of Rome and Constantinople were often at odds with one another just as the Greek and Latin Churches as a whole were often at odds both politically and in things ecclesiastical There were complex cultural currents underlying these difficulties The tensions led in 1054 to a serious rupture between the Greek East and Latin West called the East West Schism which while not in many places absolute still dominates the ecclesiastical landscape In 1204 the Fourth Crusade invaded seized and sacked Constantinople and established the Latin Empire Pope Innocent III who was not involved initially spoke out against the Crusade writing in a letter to his legate How indeed is the Greek church to be brought back into ecclesiastical union and to a devotion for the Apostolic See when she has been beset with so many afflictions and persecutions that she sees in the Latins only an example of perdition and the works of darkness so that she now and with reason detests the Latins more than dogs 1 2 However the popes accepted the Latin patriarchate established by Catholic clergy that accompanied the Crusade similar to Latin patriarchates previously established in the Crusader states of the Holy Land The pope recognised these Latin sees at the Fourth Council of the Lateran Furthermore those Orthodox bishops left in their place were made to swear an oath of allegiance to the pope 3 However the Latin Empire in Constantinople was eventually defeated and dispossessed by a resurgent Byzantium in 1261 Since that time Latin Patriarch Pantaleone Giustinian d 1286 resided in the West though continuing to oversee the remaining Latin Catholic dioceses in various parts of Latin Greece 4 The continuing threat of a Catholic Crusade to restore the Latin Empire championed by the ambitious Charles I of Anjou led to the first attempts on the Byzantine side to effect a Union of the Churches After the Union of Lyon 1274 John Bekkos was installed as a Greek Catholic Patriarch of Constantinople in 1275 but that did not affect the position of Pantaleone Giustinian His Greek Catholic counterpart was deposed in 1282 by Eastern Orthodox hierarchy thus ending a short lived union in 1286 Latin Patriarch Pantaleone Giustinian was succeeded by Pietro Correr who was the first holder of that office in a new form of a titular see On 8 February 1314 Pope Clement V united the Patriarchate with the episcopal see of Negroponte Chalcis hitherto a suffragan of the Latin Archbishopric of Athens so that the patriarchs could once more have a territorial diocese on Greek soil and exercise a direct role as the head of the Latin clergy in what remained of Latin Greece 5 For a time like many ecclesiastical offices in the West it had rival contenders who were supporters or proteges of the rival popes citation needed As to the title Latin Patriarch of Constantinople this was the case at least from 1378 to 1423 Thereafter the office continued as an honorific title during the later centuries attributed to a leading clergyman in Rome until it ceased to be assigned after 1948 and in January 1964 along with the titles of the Latin Patriarchate of Alexandria and Antioch it was no longer mentioned in the Vatican yearbook rather than being announced as being abolished 6 This was after Pope Paul VI met with Ecumenical Patriarch Athenagoras I of Constantinople see Pope Paul VI and ecumenism showing the Latin Church by this point was more interested in reconciliation with the Eastern Church abolishing the titular title 7 A Vicariate Apostolic of Istanbul until 1990 Constantinople has existed from 1742 into the present day List of Latin Patriarchs of Constantinople editTommaso Morosini 1204 1211 8 9 Vacant 1211 1215 10 Gervasio 1215 1219 Vacant 1219 1221 Matteo 1221 1226 Jean Halgrin 1226 declined office Simon of Maugastel 1227 1233 Vacant 1233 1234 Niccolo Visconti da Castro Arquato 1234 1251 Vacant 1251 1253 Pantaleone Giustinian 1253 1286 After 1261 resided in the West Pietro Correr 1286 1302 Leonardo Faliero 1302 c 1305 Nicholas of Thebes c 1308 c 1335 later cardinal 1332 1335 Gozzio Battaglia de 1335 1339 Rolando d Asti 1339 died immediately Enrico d Asti 1339 1345 bishop of Negroponte Stephen of Pinu 1346 William 1346 1364 Pierre Thomas 1364 1366 Paul 1366 1370 Ugolino Malabranca de Orvieto 1371 c 1375 bishop of Rimini Giacomo da Itri it 1376 1378 archbishop of Otranto Paul Palaiologos Tagaris 1379 80 1384 Vacant 1384 1390 Angelo Correr 1390 1405 later Pope Gregory XII Louis of Mytilene Ludovico Luiz 1406 1408 Antonio Correr 1408 Alfonso of Seville 1408 Francesco Lando 1409 patriarch of Grado Giovanni Contarini 1409 c 1412 11 Jean de la Rochetaillee 1412 1423 Giovanni Contarini 1424 1430 restored Francois de Conzie 1430 1432 Vacant 1432 1438 Francesco Condulmer 1438 1453 Gregory Mammas 1453 1458 formerly Orthodox Patriarch of Constantinople as Gregory III Isidore of Kiev 1458 1462 Bessarion 1463 1472 Pietro Riario 1472 1474 Girolamo Lando 1474 c 1496 Archbishop of Crete Giovanni Michiel 1497 1503 Bishop of Verona later Cardinal Juan de Borja Lanzol de Romani el mayor 1503 Francisco Galceran de Lloris y de Borja 1503 1506 Marco Cornaro 1506 1507 Tamas Bakocz 1507 1521 Marco Cornaro 1521 1524 restored Giles of Viterbo 1524 1530 Cardinal bishop of Viterbo Francesco Pesaro 1530 1545 Archbishop of Zadar Marino Grimani 1545 1546 Ranuccio Farnese 1546 1550 Fabio Colonna 1550 1554 bishop of Aversa Ranuccio Farnese 1554 1565 restored Scipione Rebiba 1565 1573 Cardinal bishop of Albano Prospero Rebiba 1573 1593 Bishop of Troia Silvio Savelli cardinal 1594 1596 Ercole Tassoni 1596 1597 Bonifazio Bevilacqua Aldobrandini 1598 1627 Bonaventura Secusio 1599 1618 12 Ascanio Gesualdo 1618 1638 13 Francesco Maria Macchiavelli 1640 1641 Giovanni Giacomo Panciroli 1641 1643 Giovanni Battista Spada 1643 1675 Volumnio Bandinelli 1658 1660 later Cardinal Stefano Ugolini 1667 1681 Odoardo Cibo Cybo 1689 1706 titular archbishop of Seleucia in Isauria Luigi Pico della Mirandola 1706 1712 Andrea Riggio 1716 1717 Camillo Cibo Cybo 1718 1729 Mondillo Orsini 1729 1751 Ferdinando Maria de Rossi 1751 1759 Filippo Caucci 1760 1771 Juan Portugal de la Puebla 1771 1781 later cardinal Francesco Antonio Marcucci 1781 1798 Benedetto Fenaja 1805 1823 Giuseppe della Porta Rodiani 1823 1835 Cardinal Giovanni Soglia Ceroni 1835 1839 Antonio Maria Traversi 1839 1842 Giovanni Giacomo Sinibaldi 1843 Cardinal Fabio Maria Asquini 1844 1845 Giovanni Giuseppe Canali 1845 1851 Domenico Lucciardi 1851 1860 Giuseppe Melchiade Ferlisi 1860 1865 Ruggero Luigi Emidio Antici Mattei 1866 1878 Giacomo Gallo 1878 1881 Vacant 1881 1887 Giulio Lenti 1887 1895 Cardinal Giovanni Battista Casali del Drago 1895 1899 Cardinal Alessandro Sanminiatelli Zabarella 1899 1901 Cardinal Carlo Nocella 1901 1903 died 1908 former Latin Patriarch of Antioch Giuseppe Ceppetelli 1903 1917 Vacant 1917 1923 Michele Zezza di Zapponeta 1923 1927 Antonio Anastasio Rossi 1927 1948 Vacancy from 1948 until the Latin titular patriarchate was abolished in 1964 See also editList of Popes Latin Patriarch of Alexandria Latin Patriarch of Antioch Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem Latin Archbishop of Athens Latin Archbishop of Corinth Latin Archbishop of Crete Latin Archbishop of Neopatras Latin Archbishop of Patras Latin Archbishop of ThebesReferences edit Phillips J 2009 Holy Warriors A Modern History of the Crusades Vintage Books London p195 Pope Innocent III To Peter Cardinal Priest of the Title of St Marcellus Legate of the Apostolic See However on the way to attack Constantinople the crusaders attacked another Christian city Zara and received papal absolution for this de Villehardouin G 1908 Memoirs or Chronicle of The Fourth Crusade and The Conquest of Constantinople J M Dent London p26 Papadakis A 1994 The Christian East and the Rise of the Papacy St Vladimir s Seminary Press Crestwood NY p204 Giustinian Pantaleone Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani Volume 57 Giulini Gonzaga in Italian Rome Istituto dell Enciclopedia Italiana 2001 ISBN 978 8 81200032 6 Loenertz 1966 pp 266 267 Three Latin quriarchafes dropped yearbook reveals 1964 p 2 Retrieved 7 April 2023 McCormack Alan 1997 The Term privilege A Textual Study of Its Meaning and Use in the 1983 Code of Canon Law Gregorian Biblical BookShop p 184 ISBN 9788876527739 Retrieved 5 June 2020 Constantinople Titular See Catholic Hierarchy org David M Cheney retrieved March 24 2016 Titular Patriarchal See of Constantinople GCatholic org Gabriel Chow Retrieved March 24 2016 Wolff 1954 Hazlitt W Carew 1860 History of the Venetian republic her rise her greatness and her civilisation Vol IV London Smith Elder and Co 65 Cornhill p Chapter 22 Contarini was at the Council of Constance in November 1414 Patriarch Bonaventura Secusio O F M Obs Catholic Hierarchy org David M Cheney Retrieved September 30 2016 Patriarch Ascanio Gesualdo Catholic Hierarchy org David M Cheney Retrieved March 21 2016Sources and external links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Latin Patriarchs of Constantinople Giorgio Fedalto La Chiesa latina in Oriente Mazziana Verona 2nd ed 1981 e vol Loenertz R J 1966 Cardinale Morosini et Paul Paleologue Tagaris patriarches et Antoine Ballester vicaire du Papae dans le patriarcat de Constantinople 1332 34 et 1380 87 Revue des etudes byzantines in French 24 224 256 doi 10 3406 rebyz 1966 1373 Wolff Robert Lee 1948 The Organization of the Latin Patriarchate of Constantinople 1204 1261 Social and Administrative Consequences of the Latin Conquest Traditio VI Cambridge University Press 33 60 doi 10 1017 S0362152900004359 JSTOR 27830170 S2CID 151901021 Wolff Robert Lee 1954 Politics in the Latin Patriarchate of Constantinople 1204 1261 Dumbarton Oaks Papers 8 Dumbarton Oaks 225 303 doi 10 2307 1291068 JSTOR 1291068 List of Latin Patriarchs of Constantinople by GCatholic org Catholic Hierarchy Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Latin Patriarchate of Constantinople amp oldid 1206206366, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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