Tin(II) bromide is a chemical compound of tin and bromine with a chemical formula of SnBr2. Tin is in the +2 oxidation state. The stability of tin compounds in this oxidation state is attributed to the inert pair effect.[3]
In the gas phase SnBr2 is non-linear with a bent configuration similar to SnCl2 in the gas phase. The Br-Sn-Br angle is 95° and the Sn-Br bond length is 255pm.[4] There is evidence of dimerisation in the gaseous phase.[5] The solid state structure is related to that of SnCl2 and PbCl2 and the tin atoms have five near bromine atom neighbours in an approximately trigonal bipyramidal configuration.[6] Two polymorphs exist: a room-temperature orthorhombic polymorph, and a high-temperature hexagonal polymorph. Both contain (SnBr2)∞ chains but the packing arrangement differs.[1]
Tin(II) bromide can be prepared by the reaction of metallic tin and HBr distilling off the H2O/HBr and cooling:[9]
Sn + 2 HBr → SnBr2 + H2
However, the reaction will produce tin (IV) bromide in the presence of oxygen.
Reactionsedit
SnBr2 is soluble in donor solvents such as acetone, pyridine and dimethylsulfoxide to give pyramidal adducts.[9] A number of hydrates are known, 2SnBr2·H2O, 3SnBr2·H2O & 6SnBr2·5H2O which in the solid phase have tin coordinated by a distorted trigonal prism of 6 bromine atoms with Br or H2O capping 1 or 2 faces.[3] When dissolved in HBr the pyramidal SnBr3− ion is formed.[3] Like SnCl2 it is a reducing agent. With a variety of alkyl bromides oxidative addition can occur to yield the alkyltin tribromide[10] e.g.
SnBr2 + RBr → RSnBr3
Tin(II) bromide can act as a Lewis acid forming adducts with donor molecules e.g. trimethylamine where it forms NMe3·SnBr2 and 2NMe3·SnBr2[11] It can also act as both donor and acceptor in, for example, the complex F3B·SnBr2·NMe3 where it is a donor to boron trifluoride and an acceptor to trimethylamine.[12]
Referencesedit
^ abcdEckold, Pierre; Hügel, Werner; Dinnebier, Robert E.; Niewa, Rainer (2005). "Two Modifications of Tin(II) Bromide". Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem.641 (8–9): 1467–1472. doi:10.1002/zaac.201500108.
^"Tin(II) bromide". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 12 December 2021.
^J.L Wardell "Tin:Inorganic Chemistry" Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry Ed: R Bruce King John Wiley & Sons (1994) ISBN0-471-93620-0
^K. Hilpert; M. Miller; F. Ramondo (1991). "Thermochemistry of tetrabromoditin and bromoiodotin gaseous". J. Phys. Chem. 95 (19): 7261–7266. doi:10.1021/j100172a031.
^Abrahams I.; Demetriou D.Z. (2000). "Inert Pair Effects in Tin and Lead Dihalides: Crystal Structure of Tin(II) Bromide". Journal of Solid State Chemistry. 149 (1): 28–32. Bibcode:2000JSSCh.149...28A. doi:10.1006/jssc.1999.8489.
^Bulten E.J. (1975). "A convenient synthesis of (C1-C18) alkyltin tribromides". Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. 97 (1): 167–172. doi:10.1016/S0022-328X(00)89463-2. hdl:1874/15985.
^Chung Chun Hsu & R. A. Geanangel (1977). "Synthesis and studies of trimethylamine adducts with tin(II) halides". Inorg. Chem. 16 (1): 2529–2534. doi:10.1021/ic50176a022.
^Chung Chun Hsu & R. A. Geanangel (1980). "Donor and acceptor behavior of divalent tin compounds". Inorg. Chem. 19 (1): 110–119. doi:10.1021/ic50203a024.
January 01, 1970
bromide, chemical, compound, bromine, with, chemical, formula, snbr2, oxidation, state, stability, compounds, this, oxidation, state, attributed, inert, pair, effect, part, snbr2, chain, solid, state, names, other, names, dibromide, stannous, bromide, identifi. Tin II bromide is a chemical compound of tin and bromine with a chemical formula of SnBr2 Tin is in the 2 oxidation state The stability of tin compounds in this oxidation state is attributed to the inert pair effect 3 Tin II bromide part of an SnBr2 chain in the solid state 1 Names Other names tin dibromide stannous bromide Identifiers CAS Number 10031 24 0 Y 3D model JSmol Interactive image ChemSpider 59609 Y ECHA InfoCard 100 030 067 EC Number 233 087 0 PubChem CID 66224 UNII 55F23H2K96 Y CompTox Dashboard EPA DTXSID70830932 InChI InChI 1S 2BrH Sn h2 1H q 2 p 2 NKey ZSUXOVNWDZTCFN UHFFFAOYSA L NInChI 1 2BrH Sn h2 1H q 2 p 2Key ZSUXOVNWDZTCFN NUQVWONBAM SMILES Br Sn Br Properties Chemical formula SnBr2 Molar mass 278 518 g mol Appearance yellow powder Density 5 12 g cm3 solid Melting point 215 C 419 F 488 K Boiling point 639 C 1 182 F 912 K Structure Crystal structure related to PbCl2 Hazards GHS labelling 2 Pictograms Signal word Danger Hazard statements H314 Precautionary statements P260 P264 P280 P301 P330 P331 P303 P361 P353 P304 P340 P305 P351 P338 P310 P321 P363 P405 P501 Except where otherwise noted data are given for materials in their standard state at 25 C 77 F 100 kPa N verify what is Y N Infobox references Contents 1 Structure and bonding 2 Preparation 3 Reactions 4 ReferencesStructure and bonding editIn the gas phase SnBr2 is non linear with a bent configuration similar to SnCl2 in the gas phase The Br Sn Br angle is 95 and the Sn Br bond length is 255pm 4 There is evidence of dimerisation in the gaseous phase 5 The solid state structure is related to that of SnCl2 and PbCl2 and the tin atoms have five near bromine atom neighbours in an approximately trigonal bipyramidal configuration 6 Two polymorphs exist a room temperature orthorhombic polymorph and a high temperature hexagonal polymorph Both contain SnBr2 chains but the packing arrangement differs 1 nbsp orthorhombic polymorph 1 7 nbsp hexagonal polymorph 1 8 Preparation editTin II bromide can be prepared by the reaction of metallic tin and HBr distilling off the H2O HBr and cooling 9 Sn 2 HBr SnBr2 H2 However the reaction will produce tin IV bromide in the presence of oxygen Reactions editSnBr2 is soluble in donor solvents such as acetone pyridine and dimethylsulfoxide to give pyramidal adducts 9 A number of hydrates are known 2SnBr2 H2O 3SnBr2 H2O amp 6SnBr2 5H2O which in the solid phase have tin coordinated by a distorted trigonal prism of 6 bromine atoms with Br or H2O capping 1 or 2 faces 3 When dissolved in HBr the pyramidal SnBr3 ion is formed 3 Like SnCl2 it is a reducing agent With a variety of alkyl bromides oxidative addition can occur to yield the alkyltin tribromide 10 e g SnBr2 RBr RSnBr3 Tin II bromide can act as a Lewis acid forming adducts with donor molecules e g trimethylamine where it forms NMe3 SnBr2 and 2NMe3 SnBr2 11 It can also act as both donor and acceptor in for example the complex F3B SnBr2 NMe3 where it is a donor to boron trifluoride and an acceptor to trimethylamine 12 References edit a b c d Eckold Pierre Hugel Werner Dinnebier Robert E Niewa Rainer 2005 Two Modifications of Tin II Bromide Z Anorg Allg Chem 641 8 9 1467 1472 doi 10 1002 zaac 201500108 Tin II bromide pubchem ncbi nlm nih gov Retrieved 12 December 2021 a b c Greenwood Norman N Earnshaw Alan 1997 Chemistry of the Elements 2nd ed Butterworth Heinemann ISBN 978 0 08 037941 8 J L Wardell Tin Inorganic Chemistry Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry Ed R Bruce King John Wiley amp Sons 1994 ISBN 0 471 93620 0 K Hilpert M Miller F Ramondo 1991 Thermochemistry of tetrabromoditin and bromoiodotin gaseous J Phys Chem 95 19 7261 7266 doi 10 1021 j100172a031 Abrahams I Demetriou D Z 2000 Inert Pair Effects in Tin and Lead Dihalides Crystal Structure of Tin II Bromide Journal of Solid State Chemistry 149 1 28 32 Bibcode 2000JSSCh 149 28A doi 10 1006 jssc 1999 8489 ICSD Entry 429132 Cambridge Structural Database Access Structures Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre Retrieved 2022 02 09 ICSD Entry 429133 Cambridge Structural Database Access Structures Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre Retrieved 2022 02 09 a b Cotton F Albert Wilkinson Geoffrey Murillo Carlos A Bochmann Manfred 1999 Advanced Inorganic Chemistry 6th ed New York Wiley Interscience ISBN 0 471 19957 5 Bulten E J 1975 A convenient synthesis of C1 C18 alkyltin tribromides Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 97 1 167 172 doi 10 1016 S0022 328X 00 89463 2 hdl 1874 15985 Chung Chun Hsu amp R A Geanangel 1977 Synthesis and studies of trimethylamine adducts with tin II halides Inorg Chem 16 1 2529 2534 doi 10 1021 ic50176a022 Chung Chun Hsu amp R A Geanangel 1980 Donor and acceptor behavior of divalent tin compounds Inorg Chem 19 1 110 119 doi 10 1021 ic50203a024 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Tin II bromide amp oldid 1208539367, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
