Timeline of Samarra

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Samarra, Iraq.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

Prior to 16th century

• 836 – Samarra established and the Abbasid caliph Al-Mu'tasim relocated capital from Baghdad to Samarra.^[1][2]
• 848 – Great Mosque of Samarra built ^[3]
• 859 – Abu Dulaf Mosque built ^[4]
• 861 – 11 December: Caliph Al-Mutawakkil assassinated.^[5][6]
• 868 – The Islamic scholar and the 10th imam from the Twelve Imams Ali al-Hadi died in Samarra on 21 June.^{[7][8][9][10][11][12]}
• 861 – 870 Caliphal Civil War, was an armed conflict during the "Anarchy at Samarra"^[13][14]
• 874 – The Islamic scholar and the 11th imam from the Twelve Imams Hasan al-Askari died in Samarra on 4 January^[15]
• 892 – Abbasid caliph Al-Mu'tamid relocated capital to Baghdad from Samarra.^[1]
• 1258 – Samarra occupied by Mongol Empire forces^[16]

16th–19th centuries

• 1508 – Shah of Iran Ismail I visited Al-Askari Shrine after his army had occupied Samarra city ^[17]
• 1553 – The Ottoman admiral Seydi Ali Reis visited Al-Askari Shrine in the town ^[18]
• 1705 – The Ottoman governor of Baghdad Hassan Pasha visited Al-Askari Shrine in the town ^[19]
• 1733 – Battle of Samarra between Safavid Empire and Ottoman Empire on July 19 and Ottoman Empire got victory ^[20]
• 1785 – The Wall of Samarra built around the city^[21]
• 1870 – Shah of Qajar Iran Naser al-Din Shah visited Al-Askari Shrine ^[22]
• 1874 – September: the Iraqi Shia marja Mirza Shirazi moved to Samarra and spent his life there ^[23]
• 1878 – The first bridge built at the Tigris in the city.^[24]
• 1881 – The first elementary school opened ^[24]
• 1890 – Mirza Shirazi's Hawza established ^[25]
• 1895 – 20 February: The Iraqi Shia marja' Mirza Shirazi died in Samarra and burial in Imam Ali shrine in Najaf^[26]

20th century

• 1917 – Samarra occupied by British forces on 23 April ^[27]
• 1936 – The Wall of Samarra removed ^[28]
• 1956 – Samarra Dam opened after three years had constructed ^[29]
• 1965 – The State Company for Drugs Industry and Medical Appliances established .^[30]
• 1973 – Samarra FC (football club) formed.^[31]

21st century

• 2004 – Battle of Samarra on October.^[32]
• 2006 – al-Askari mosque bombing on 22 February ^[33]
• 2007 – al-Askari mosque bombing on 13 June ^[34]
• 2011 – 12 February : bombing^[35]
• 2012 – University of Samarra established.^[36]
• 2014 – Battle of Samarra on June ^[37]

References

1. Michael R.T. Dumper; Bruce E. Stanley, eds. (2008), "Baghdad", Cities of the Middle East and North Africa, Santa Barbara, USA: ABC-CLIO
2. Yarshater 1985–2007, v. 33: p. 26
3. "The Great Mosque of Samarra". Ukessays. Retrieved May 18, 2020.
4. "Jami' Abi Dulaf". Archnet.
5. Kraemer 1989, pp. 171–182, 184, 195.
6. Kennedy, Hugh (2006). When Baghdad Ruled the Muslim World: The Rise and Fall of Islam's Greatest Dynasty. Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press. pp. 264–267. ISBN 978-0-306814808.
7. Jawadi, Allama Zeeshan Haider. Nuqoosh Ismat. p. 747.
8. Damatus Sakiba, Volume 3. p. 148.
9. Anwarul Husainia, Volume 2. p. 55.
10. Sawaiqul Mohriqa. p. 124.
11. Tadkira Khawasul Ummah, Nurul Absar. p. 150.
12. "Hijri Gregorian Converter". IslamiCity. IslamiCity. from the original on 21 March 2018. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
13. Bearman, P.J.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P., eds. (2009). ""Al-Muntasir," "Al-Musta'in," "Al-Mu'tazz," "Al-Muhtadi"". Encyclopaedia of Islam Online. Brill Publishers. ISSN 1573-3912.
14. Al-Ya'qubi, Ahmad ibn Abu Ya'qub (1883). Historiae. Vol. 2 (M. Th. Houtsma ed.). Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 267–268.
15. Mufīd, Ibn-al-Muʻallim, I. K. A. Howard, and Ḥusain Naṣr. Kitāb Al-Irshād: the Book of Guidance into the Lives of the Twelve Imams. Qum: Ansariyan Publications, 1990. Print.
16. "تأريخ سامراء". Askarian.
17. "Abbas al-Azawi - History of Iraq between Two occupations - part 3 - page 323". Masaha. December 5, 2020.
18. "Abbas al-Azawi - History of Iraq between Two occupations - part 4 - page 90". Masaha. December 5, 2020.
19. "Abbas al-Azawi - History of Iraq between Two occupations - part 5 - page 194". Masaha. December 5, 2020.
20. Axworthy, Michael, "Iran: Empire of the Mind", Penguin Books, 2007. p156
21. "سور سامراء التاريخي قصة تجاوز عمرها قرن ونصف من تاريخ مدينة سامراء". Almada Paper. Retrieved February 12, 2020.
22. "زيارة ناصر الدين شاه القاجاري ( 13 شهر رمضان المبارك 1287 هـ )". Haydarya.
23. Ali Al-Wardi - Psychological Insights from Modern Iraqi History - Part 3 - P 99 .
24. "History of Samarra". Imam Ali Foundation.
25. "حوزة المجدد الشيرازي تفتتح من جديد / إعادة بناء المدرسة العلمية الجعفرية بعد هدمها في سامراء". The Hawzah News. Retrieved November 28, 2018.
26. "۲۴ شعبان؛ سالروز درگذشت ميرزای شيرازی". IQNA. Retrieved September 7, 2007.
27. "Battles - Samarrah Offensive, 1917". First World War. August 22, 2009.
28. "سور سامراء التاريخي قصة تجاوز عمرها قرن ونصف". Azzaman. February 10, 2020.
29. "سامراء من أرض قفراء إلى عاصمة خضراء". Annahar Press. April 16, 2020.
30. "History of Samarra". SvDI Samarra.
31. "رسميا…مهاجم اهلي صنعاء الداحي.. يقترب من اللعب مع نادي سامراء العراقي". Yemen Etihadi. January 1, 2020.
32. . Fox News. 11 October 2004. Archived from the original on 20 October 2012. Retrieved 26 February 2015.
33. "Explosion destroys Shiite shrine golden dome". Ireland On-Line. Archived from the original on February 21, 2011. Retrieved February 23, 2006.
34. Graham Bowley (13 June 2007). "Minarets on Shiite Shrine in Iraq Destroyed in Attack". The New York Times. Retrieved 15 June 2007.
35. "Iraq suicide bomber kills many Shia pilgrims on bus". BBC News. 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2020-12-26.
36. "University of Samarra". University of Samarra. December 26, 2020.
37. "Iraqi troops 'repel militant attack on Samarra'". BBC News. 2014-06-05. Retrieved 2020-12-26.

• Yarshater, Ehsan, ed. (1985–2007). The History of al-Ṭabarī (40 vols). SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-7249-1.
• Kraemer, Joel L., ed. (1989). The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXXIV: Incipient Decline: The Caliphates of al-Wāthiq, al-Mutawakkil and al-Muntaṣir, A.D. 841–863/A.H. 227–248. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-88706-874-4.