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Timeline of LGBT history in Ecuador

January 01, 1970

This article presents a timeline of the most relevant events in the history of LGBT people in Ecuador. The earliest manifestations of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people in Ecuador were in the pre-Columbian era, in cultures such as Valdivia,[1] Tumaco-La Tolita, and Bahía, of which evidence has been found suggesting that homosexuality was common among its members.[2][3] Documents by Hispanic chroniclers and historians—such as Pedro Cieza de León, Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo y Valdés, and Garcilaso de la Vega—point to the Manteño-Huancavilca culture in particular as one in which homosexuality was openly practiced and accepted [es].[4] However, with the Spanish conquest, a system of repression was established against anyone who practiced homosexuality in the territories that currently make up Ecuador.[5]

LGBT activist during a protest in Ecuador in 2020.

Homosexuality remained absent from the Ecuadorian Criminal Code until 1871, when it was classified for the first time as a crime with a penalty of four to eight years in prison.[6] During the subsequent decades, there was little mention of the subject, mainly due to the criminalization of homosexuality and the conservatism present in Ecuadorian society at the time.[7] A noticeable change took place in the late 1970s, when waves of migration to major cities and the effect of events such as the Stonewall riots caused an increase in the visibility of LGBT people, who began to hold informal meetings that would lead to the birth of an Ecuadorian gay community. However, these activities led to a spike in police repression, mainly during the administration of León Febres-Cordero Ribadeneyra (1984–1988).[8][9]

The event that marked the turning point in LGBT rights activism was the raid on the Bar Abanicos, a gay bar in the city of Cuenca that was the subject of police intervention in June 1997 and where dozens of people were arrested, and then tortured and raped.[10][11] The event sparked criticism nationwide and led the various LGBT groups in the country to unite for the first time in a single front, in order to demand the decriminalization of homosexuality and organize the first marches and public demonstrations of LGBT people in the history of Ecuador. Finally, on 25 November 1997, the Constitutional Court decriminalized homosexuality.[12]

The first years of the 21st century were characterized by greater visibility and social acceptance of sexual diversity.[13] With the implementation of the 2008 Constitution, LGBT people witnessed progress being made regarding their rights, such as the legalization of de facto unions between persons of the same sex [es].[14] Recent years have brought more advances in favor of the demands of LGBT groups, with several of them obtained through rulings of the Constitutional Court, such as Case 0011-18-CN [es] and Case 10-18-CN, decided on 12 June 2019 and through which same-sex marriage was legalized in Ecuador.[15]

Before the 20th century edit

There is archaeological evidence, as well as chronicles, of homosexuality being practiced openly—before the Spanish conquest—among the pre-Columbian peoples that inhabited what is now Ecuador.[16] Ceramics have been found from the Valdivia culture that showed this type of relationship as part of its representations of eroticism and fertility. Everything changed with the arrival of the Europeans, who imposed a negative view of homosexuality based on their Catholic beliefs.[1][17][3]

1594 edit

  • 11 October: Andrés Cupín, former slave of doctor Manuel Barros de San Millán [es]—who until the previous year had held the position of president of the Real Audiencia of Quito—is executed in Lima by garrotte vil after having been accused of the sin of sodomy committed with Barros. In turn, Barros was sentenced in 1597 to the payment of 7,000 ducats and banishment from the Indies.[18]

1837 edit

1871 edit

  • A new Criminal Code was issued to criminalize homosexuality in Ecuador for the first time, specifically male homosexuality, which was referred to as "sodomy." Article 401 of this Code stated:[6]

In cases of sodomy, the guilty parties shall be sentenced to a prison term of four to eight years when no violence or threats are involved; eight to 12 years when one of these circumstances is involved; and an extraordinary prison term when the victim is a minor.

20th century edit

1926 edit

  • 26 April: Loja-born writer Pablo Palacio [es] published his short story Un hombre muerto a puntapiés [es][note 1][19] in Hélice [es] magazine—the first Ecuadorian literary work to openly deal with the subject of homosexuality.[20]

1938 edit

  • Article 491 of the Criminal Code of this year changed the crime of sodomy to that of "homosexuality," and thus broadened the definition to include lesbian relations. The article would later be moved to paragraph 516. Its first subsection reads as follows:[6][21]

In cases of homosexuality that do not constitute rape, the two persons who are jointly responsible shall be punished with maximum-term imprisonment of four to eight years.

1963 edit

  • 17 December: A young homosexual man named Wilfrido Villamar died in Quito after being shot twice by poet and diplomat Francisco Granizo, in an alleged incident of jealousy resulting from a love triangle between them and another man. The case received intense negative attention from the press in subsequent months, and figures such as Alejandro Carrión made public calls to clean up "the homosexual decay" of society. When making arrests, the police forced detainees to provide a list of about 400 alleged homosexual persons, whose names were then published in the country's major newspapers as a form of ridicule. As a result, many of those mentioned lost their jobs, while others had to flee the country.[22]

1972 edit

  • 26 November: The first gender-affirming surgery in the history of Ecuador was performed on this date, although it was not made public. It was performed at a clinic in Guayaquil on a trans woman named Sandra Inés Ortiz.[23]

1979 edit

  • Recently appointed Police Chief of Guayas—and future president—Abdalá Bucaram launched a campaign of public ridicule against people he considered morally reprehensible. Shortly after taking office, he carried out a police raid in Guayaquil in which he arrested female sex workers, gay men, and trans women. He then called on citizens to take to the streets and forced detainees to walk 25 blocks from the Cuartel Modelo police station to the Municipal Palace [es], while citizens who were present along the path hurled insults and objects at them.[24]

1982 edit

  • Quito writer Javier Vásconez published his short story Angelote, amor mío [es][note 2] as part of his book of short stories Ciudad lejana[note 3][25] The theme of the story, which describes the wake of a homosexual character and criticizes the hypocrisy and double standards of society at the time, generated strong controversy in Quito in the 1980s, which led the Ministry of Education to ban reading the story in educational institutions.[20][26]

1984 edit

  • Guayaquil Mayor Abdalá Bucaram took part in a police raid in which ten LGBT people were arrested. After the arrest, Bucaram personally beat the detainees with a whip.[27]
  • August: The first case of HIV/AIDS in Ecuador is detected in Guayaquil.[28][29]
  • 4 September: In an event described by the press as "unprecedented," a group of 14 homosexual persons detained by the police appeared before Quito Mayor Gustavo Herdoíza to request a writ of habeas corpus and denounce extortion and torture.[27]

1985 edit

  • 23 May: Conservative President León Febres-Cordero Ribadeneyra created the escuadrones volantes,[note 4] a group of special police forces that perpetrated human rights violations and acts of torture until it was dissolved in 1988. Among the targeted groups were LGBT people, particularly trans women, who were often beaten, raped, and tortured by the squads.[30]

1986 edit

  • Activist Orlando Montoya was interviewed on Channel 4, where he denounced hate crimes against gender-diverse persons and the impunity regarding these cases. This made him the first LGBT person to appear on Ecuadorian television to denounce cases of homophobia. As a result of his participation in the interview, Montoya was arrested by the police.[31]
  • 25 December: The group Entre Amigos[note 5] was created.[32] It was led by Orlando Montoya and considered one of the first LGBT groups in the country[33][34] to decry human rights violations against LGBT people,[35] apart from promoting campaigns for the prevention of HIV/AIDS. It later became the SOGA (Sociedad Gay)[note 6] collective—later on, the FEDAEPS (Fundación Ecuatoriana de Ayuda, Educación y Prevención del Sida).[note 7][36]

1989 edit

  • SOGA launched the publication En directo. Boletín lésbico gay,[note 8] where it published news related to sexual diversity and the fight for LGBT rights.[31]

1992 edit

1994 edit

  • The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights required Ecuador to comply with international treaties regarding the respect and protection of gender-diverse persons, after receiving complaints about instances of police abuse in the country.[38][39]

1995 edit

  • 15 August: The nonprofit organization Fundación Amigos por la Vida (Famivida [es]),[note 10] the first LGBT organization in Guayaquil, was created.[40][41]

1997 edit

  • 14 June: The National Police of Ecuador carried out a raid on Bar Abanicos, a gay bar located in Cuenca, where it arrested around 63 people, many of whom were subsequently tortured and abused. The case led various sectors of the gender-diverse population to organize for the first time in the country and hold events to demand the decriminalization of homosexuality.[42][10]
  • 27 August: Human rights organizations, gay men, and trans women, mainly organized through Asociación Coccinelle [es],[note 11] held a march in Quito—that ended at Independence Square—to demand the decriminalization of homosexuality.[43] This was the first march of gender-diverse persons in the history of Ecuador.[44]
  • 17 September: The first public demonstration of LGBT people in the history of Guayaquil took place in the city as part of the struggle to achieve the decriminalization of homosexuality in the country.[44][45]
  • 25 November: The Constitutional Court issued a ruling in Case 111-97-TC, which decriminalized homosexuality in Ecuador by unanimously repealing the first clause of Article 516 of the Criminal Code, that is, the one that criminalized homosexuality with a sentence of four to eight years of imprisonment. The decision was published in the Official Gazette two days later.[10][42][46][47]

1998 edit

  • The sitcom Mis adorables entenados con billete[note 12] premiered this year. It was the first Ecuadorian television program to include a homosexual character, although it reinforced negative stereotypes.[48]
  • The 1998 Constitution of Ecuador [es] was approved, which prohibited, for the first time, to discriminate based on sexual orientation. The first subsection of article 23 states:[49]

All persons shall be considered equal and shall enjoy the same rights, freedoms, and opportunities, without discrimination on grounds of birth, age, sex, ethnicity, skin color, social origin, language, religion, political affiliation, economic status, sexual orientation, health status, disability, or difference of any other kind.

  • 28 June: The first LGBT pride parade [es] in the history of the country took place in Quito.[50][51][52]

21st century edit

2000 edit

  • 28 June: Around 300 people, organized by the Famivida foundation, attempted to hold the first LGBT pride parade in Guayaquil but the event was disrupted by a group of 60 police officers who launched tear gas at them.[53]

2002 edit

  • 26 July: Several countries, including Ecuador, signed the Andean Charter for the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights in Guayaquil, which recognized sexual orientation as a category protected against discrimination.[54][55][56]
  • November: The first edition of the The Place Without Limits International LGBT Film Festival [es] was held this month.[57]

2003 edit

  • 23 January: Voces de la diversidad,[note 13] the first LGBT radio program in the history of the country, premiered on Radio La Luna [es] ratio station.[58]

2005 edit

  • Juan Sebastián López, Ecuadorian participant and eventual winner of reality show Gran Hermano del Pacífico,[59] came out as gay on the program and was a part of the first same-sex kiss in the history of Ecuadorian television.[60]
  • 23 June: Political party Ruptura de los 25 published a communiqué vindicating LGBT rights, making it the first Ecuadorian political organization to publicly support the demands of the LGBT community.[61]
  • September: Guayaquil-born writer Sonia Manzano Vela published her novel Eses fatales,[62][63] considered the first lesbian novel written by an Ecuadorian woman.[64]
  • October: The novel Salvo el calvario,[65] by writer Lucrecia Maldonado [es], won the Aurelio Espinosa Pólit National Literature Award [es].[66] The novel was one of the first Ecuadorian literary works to take a positive look at same-sex relationships.[20]

2007 edit

  • The Civil Registry Office updated its instructions for the issuance of identity cards to transgender persons following the case of Gabriela Salazar, a trans woman who had protested against the institution's refusal to change her birth name to a female name and for trying to force her to remove her make-up to pose for the photograph on her identity document.[67][68][69] The case set a precedent for trans women in similar situations.[70]
  • On the occasion of the 2007 Constituent Assembly election, openly LGBT people ran for elected office for the first time in the country, such as Mabell García [es], Any Argudo,[71] Óscar Ugarte,[72] Elizabeth Vásquez,[73] Francisco Guayasamín, and Thalía Álvarez.[74]
  • December: The Metropolitan Council of Quito [es] approved Ordinance 240 against the discrimination of LGBT people, making Quito the first city in the country to approve regulations in favor of gender-diverse persons.[75]

2008 edit

  • 25 June: The city of Manta held its first LGBT Pride Parade.[76][77]
  • 28 June: Guayaquil held its first LGBT pride parade [es].[78]
  • 20 October: The 2008 Constitution of Ecuador added gender identity to the list of categories protected against discrimination. In addition, the constitution legalized de facto unions for same-sex couples [es]. Article 68 states:[79][49]

The stable and monogamous union between two persons, free of marriage ties, who form a de facto couple, for the duration and under the conditions and circumstances established by law, shall generate the same rights and obligations as held by families constituted by marriage.

2009 edit

 
Sandra Álvarez Monsalve, first openly LGBT person elected as alternate assembly member.
  • February: The Legislative and Oversight Commission [es] amended the Code of Criminal Procedure to introduce, among other criminal offenses, the figure of hate crimes against LGBT people.[80][81][82]
  • 26 April: Activist Sandra Álvarez Monsalve is elected [es] alternate member of the National Assembly for the 2009–2013 term,[83] making her the first openly lesbian woman in the country to achieve this position.[84][85]
  • 12 August: The first de facto union of a same-sex couple is registered in a notary's office in Quito.[86][87] The couple chose to keep their identity confidential.[84]
  • 22 October: After a long court battle, Estrella Estévez [es] became the first trans woman in the country's history to change her gender marker to female on her identity document.[88]

2010 edit

  • 10 December: The marriage of Joey Hateley and Hugo Vera—a couple made up of a trans man and a cisgender man—is held in Quito. The marriage was officiated by City Councilor Norman Wray Reyes [es]. It was possible because Hateley still had his gender marker as female on his identity documents and thus there were no legal restrictions applicable. National and international media outlets described the event as the country's "first gay wedding."[89][90][91]

2011 edit

  • The Ecuadorian Institute of Social Security agreed for the first time to grant the corresponding pension and benefits to the same-sex partner of a woman who had died. It also stated that it would do the same in the future for people in similar situations.[92][93]
  • March: Activist and politician Humberto Mata Espinel [es] became the first Ecuadorian public figure to marry a person of the same sex. The wedding took place in Argentina.[94][95]

2012 edit

  • January: Carina Vance, the former director of lesbian rights organization Causana, was appointed as the minister of public health of Ecuador, making her the first openly gay person to hold a ministerial office.[96][97]
  • 11 May: The Ministry of Public Health [es] issued ministerial decision 767, which established the prohibition for the operation of centers that perform sexual conversion therapy.[98][99]

2013 edit

 
Meeting of LGBT activists with President Rafael Correa.
  • During the 2013 presidential elections, candidates Alberto Acosta Espinosa [es] and Norman Wray Reyes [es] publicly expressed their position in favor of legalizing same-sex marriage.[100][101]
  • 8 June: The city of Portoviejo held its first LGBT Pride Parade.[102][103]
  • June: The case of Zulema Constante, a young lesbian woman who was kidnapped by her family and sent to a conversion therapy clinic [es] in the Ecuadorian Amazon rainforest, where she was tortured in an attempt to change her sexual orientation, caused international uproar. The incident was decried by celebrities such as Puerto Rican singer Ricky Martin, who described the incident as "a horror movie."[104][105][106][107][108]
  • 13 December: For the first time in history, LGBT activists held an official meeting with an Ecuadorian president, in this case with Rafael Correa.[109]

2014 edit

 
Diane Rodríguez and her partner minutes before the registration of their common-law marriage (15 September 2014).
  • 28 January: The National Assembly approved the Comprehensive Organic Criminal Code [es].[110] It included a subsection that defined sex or gender conversion or reorientation therapies as an aggravating circumstance of the crime of torture.[111][112]
  • 23 June: The city of Cuenca held its first LGBT Pride Parade.[113][114]
  • 22 August: The Civil Registry of Ecuador [es] issued a resolution allowing common-law unions to be registered in a person's identity card as complementary information related to marital status.[115][116]

2015 edit

 
LGBT activists at the National Assembly during one of the debates on reforms to the Civil Code.
  • 14 April: The National Assembly of Ecuador approved the Organic Law for Labor Justice, which includes an article that establishes economic retribution for people who are fired because of their sexual orientation.[117][118]
  • 21 April: The National Assembly approved a series of reforms to the Civil Code, one of which turned the concept of a de facto union [es] or domestic partnership into a new marital status.[119][120] In addition, it approved the possibility of changing the field marked gender in a person's identity card for the one they identify with, provided they are older than 18, presents a court order, and brings two witnesses to corroborate their gender identity.[121]

2016 edit

  • 12 February: The Cuenca municipal council approved the "Ordinance for the inclusion, recognition, and respect for gender and sexual-gender diversity in the canton of Cuenca."[122]
  • 4 March: The Provincial Chamber of Azuay unanimously approved an ordinance that opened a registry of symbolic marriage ceremonies for same-sex couples.[123][124] The first one took place on 28 June of the same year.[125]
  • 16 June: The National Assembly approved a resolution to officially declare 27 November as the National Day of Sexual-Gender Diversity.[126][127]
  • 22 July: The city of Quevedo held its first LGBT Pride Parade.[128][129]
  • 31 August: The Inter-American Court of Human Rights issued a ruling in the Flor Freire vs. Ecuador case, in which it found the country guilty of discriminating against former soldier Homero Flor Freire, who had been expelled from the Armed Forces in 2001 for allegedly having had sexual relations with another man. In its decision, the Court found that the disciplinary rule that had been applied to Flor Freire's expulsion was discriminatory, as it penalized sexual relations between men more severely than heterosexual relations.[130][131]

2017 edit

  • During the 2017 presidential election [es], candidate Paco Moncayo, of the Democratic Left party, publicly expressed his position in favor of legalizing same-sex marriage.[132]
  • 19 February: Activist Diane Rodríguez was elected [es] alternate member of the National Assembly for the 2017–2021 term, making her the first transgender person in the country to occupy that position.[133]
  • 10 May: The Constitutional Court issued a ruling in Case 0288-12-EP in favor of Bruno Paolo Calderón, a trans man who sued the State for it to recognize his gender as male. The Court ruled that both his identity card and birth certificate should be changed to state his gender as male and asked the National Assembly to amend the law to facilitate future cases.[93][134]

2018 edit

  • 29 May: The Constitutional Court issued a ruling in Case 1692-12-EP [es] in favor of Satya, a girl born to a female couple whom the Civil Registry had prevented from being registered as her mothers. In its decision, the Court ordered the Civil Registry to register Satya with the surnames of her mothers, in addition to ruling that, in the future, any child conceived through assisted reproduction methods shall be registered regardless of whether they come from a heterosexual or same-sex parent household.[135]
  • 29 June: Judges Iliana Vallejo and Ruth Álvarez, from the Judicial Unit for Families, Women, Children and Adolescents of the city of Cuenca, admitted the appeal for protection of two same-sex couples who had unsuccessfully attempted to marry months earlier. The judges also declared that the principle of equality had been violated and that the Civil Registry should allow the couples to marry immediately. The Civil Registry refused and appealed the ruling.[136]
  • 29 June: The cities of Babahoyo and Zamora held their first LGBT pride parades.[137][138]
  • 10 September: The Tribunal of the Court of Justice of Azuay admitted the appeal of the Civil Registry and overturned the decision of judges Vallejo and Álvarez, who had ruled in favor of same-sex marriage on 29 June.[139][140][141]
  • 16 October: Judge Jorge Duarte Estévez ruled in favor of Amada, a nine-year-old trans girl whose family sued the Civil Registry for preventing her from registering her new name and gender.[142][143][144] Amada made the changes at the Civil Registry on 27 November of the same year, becoming the first trans girl in Ecuador to successfully change her identity.[145]

2019 edit

 
Alexandra Chávez and Michelle Avilés, first same-sex couple to get married in Ecuador.
  • 12 June: The Constitutional Court issued a ruling in Case 0011-18-CN [es] and Case 10-18-CN, legalizing same-sex marriage in Ecuador.[15][146] The first case originated after the Civil Registry denied the couple made up by Efraín Soria and Javier Benalcázar the right to marry, so they took the case to the Provincial Court of Pichincha, which in turn decided to elevate the request to the Constitutional Court.[147] Soria and Benalcázar finally got married on 31 August of that same year.[148]
  • 18 July: Michelle Avilés and Alexandra Chávez became the first same-sex couple to enter into a civil marriage in the country. The ceremony took place in the building of the Civil Registry of Guayaquil.[149][150][151][152]
  • 25 July: Giovanny Vareles and Borys Álvarez became the first male couple to enter into a civil marriage in Ecuador. The ceremony also took place in Guayaquil.[153]

2020 edit

  • 20 November: The first National Trans March of Ecuador [es] was held on this date.[154][155]

2021 edit

  • 28 June: President Guillermo Lasso created the Undersecretary of Diversities,[156] the first public institution in the country's history created with the sole purpose of addressing the problems of the LGBT community.[157]
  • 28 June: The city of Riobamba held its first LGBT Pride Parade.[158]
  • 13 July: The National Assembly of Ecuador ratified, with 126 votes in favor and 0 against, the Inter-American Convention Against All Forms of Discrimination and Intolerance,[159][160] the first binding regional document that explicitly recognizes sexual orientation, gender identity, and gender expression as grounds for discrimination.[161]
  • 20 October: The Constitutional Court issued a ruling in Case 1290-18-EP in favor of Diocles García, a man who was expelled from the Armed Forces in 1991 for allegedly being homosexual. As reparation measures, the Court required the Armed Forces to apologize publicly to García, give him a sum of US$5,000 in reparations, and launch human rights training courses within the institution.[162][163]
  • 23 December: The Provincial Court of Guayas ruled in favor of Raphaella, a girl born of a lesbian couple whom the Civil Registry refused to register as the daughter of two mothers, stating that the precedent established in the Satya Case [es] did not apply to Raphaella because she was conceived by non-medical artificial insemination. The Court rejected this argument and ordered the registration of the child, which finally occurred in February 2022.[164]

2022 edit

 
Walter Gómez Ronquillo in 2022.
  • 12 September: Two openly LGBT politicians, Walter Gómez Ronquillo [es] and Jahiren Noriega,[165][166] took office as principal Assembly members after the resignation of Alexandra Arce and Pabel Muñoz [es].[167]
  • 14 October: The LGBT Chamber of Commerce of Ecuador [es] held the first job fair for the LGBT+ community in the country.[168]

2023 edit

  • 5 February: José Arroyo Cabrera [es] is elected mayor of Pujilí Canton, making him the first openly LGBT person to be elected mayor in Ecuador's history.[169]

2024 edit

  • 25 January: The National Assembly of Ecuador approved, in a final vote, a reform to the law on identity and vital records management, through which it legalized the change of sex or gender in identity documents for trans people without the need to present medical certificates or witnesses, as the law previously required.[170][171] The bill was approved in the first vote on 12 December 2023.[172]

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ English: The Man Who Was Kicked to Death.
  2. ^ English: Angelote, my love
  3. ^ English: Distant City
  4. ^ English: mobile squads
  5. ^ English: Among Friends
  6. ^ English: Gay Society
  7. ^ English: Ecuadorian Foundation of Help, Education, and Prevention of AIDS
  8. ^ English: Live. Gay Lesbian Bulletin
  9. ^ English: Child of Terror
  10. ^ English: Friends for Life Foundation
  11. ^ English: Coccinelle Association
  12. ^ English: My adorable stepchildren with money
  13. ^ English: Voices of Diversity

References edit

  1. ^ a b Moreta, Modesto (26 November 2014). . El Comercio. Archived from the original on 1 December 2014. Retrieved 26 February 2024.
  2. ^ Ugalde 2017, p. 111.
  3. ^ a b Aguiar 2018, p. 51.
  4. ^ Benavides 2006, p. 148.
  5. ^ Benavides 2006, p. 152.
  6. ^ a b c d Aguiar 2018, p. 53.
  7. ^ Buendía 2019, p. 123.
  8. ^ Buendía 2019, p. 119.
  9. ^ Ramos Ballesteros 2019, p. 18.
  10. ^ a b c Cervantes Pesantes, Jeanneth (18 August 2020). "Nadie muere para siempre". La Periódica (in Spanish). Retrieved 27 February 2024.
  11. ^ Galárraga, Alicia (16 August 2020). "¡Descansa en paz, Pachis!". El Telégrafo (in Spanish). Retrieved 27 February 2024.
  12. ^ Quintana & Pimentel 2014, p. 39.
  13. ^ Buendía 2019, p. 127.
  14. ^ Quintana & Pimentel 2014, p. 55.
  15. ^ a b Troya, Pamela (12 July 2020). "A un año del matrimonio igualitario en Ecuador". El Telégrafo (in Spanish). Retrieved 27 February 2024.
  16. ^ Ugalde 2017, p. 2: "[…]the chronicles from the early centuries of the colonial period make it very clear that, among some peoples of pre-Columbian America, the manifestation of sexual preferences between persons of the same sex was very common, that it was practiced openly without any social sanction whatsoever [...], for the specific case of the Ecuadorian coast, several chroniclers attested to the existence of a group of boys and young men who were dressed and adorned with feminine attributes, and who played the role of sexual servants for the men of the elite classes, a select group called enchaquirados [es] (lit. wearers of chaquiras, or beads)."
  17. ^ Benavides 2006, p. 157.
  18. ^ Mori Bolo 2020, p. 15.
  19. ^ Palacio, Pablo (2008). Obras completas (in Spanish) (2nd ed.). Quito: Libresa. ISBN 9789978491027.
  20. ^ a b c Artieda, Pedro (30 June 2014). . El Telégrafo (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 29 January 2018. Retrieved 27 February 2024.
  21. ^ . Radio Cocoa (in Spanish). 23 June 2020. Archived from the original on 29 September 2020. Retrieved 27 February 2024.
  22. ^ Camacho Zambrano 2011, p. 28.
  23. ^ . El Universo (in Spanish). 22 November 2009. Archived from the original on 25 November 2009. Retrieved 27 February 2024.
  24. ^ Buendía 2019, p. 118.
  25. ^ Vásconez, Javier (1982). Ciudad lejana (in Spanish) (2nd ed.). Bogotá: La Oveja Negra. ISBN 9580615357.
  26. ^ Villafuerte, Carlos (31 July 2013). . Matavilela (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 1 August 2015. Retrieved 27 February 2024.
  27. ^ a b Cardona Montoya 2015, pp. 19–20.
  28. ^ von Buchwald, Juana (5 June 2011). . El Universo (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 30 August 2011. Retrieved 27 February 2024.
  29. ^ Maquilón, Estefanie (9 July 2009). . El Telégrafo (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 12 July 2009. Retrieved 27 February 2024.
  30. ^ Buendía 2019, p. 119—120.
  31. ^ a b Cardona Acuña 2019, pp. 246.
  32. ^ Mancero 2007, pp. 51.
  33. ^ Ramos Ballesteros 2019, p. 26.
  34. ^ Piedrahita 2020, pp. 49.
  35. ^ Aguiar 2018, p. 54.
  36. ^ Mancero 2007, pp. 50–51.
  37. ^ . El Telégrafo (in Spanish). 13 June 2014. Archived from the original on 6 May 2020. Retrieved 27 February 2024.
  38. ^ Ramos Ballesteros 2019, p. 26—27.
  39. ^ Camacho Zambrano 2011, p. 62.
  40. ^ Garita 2021, pp. 66–68.
  41. ^ National Council for Gender Equality 2020, pp. 50.
  42. ^ a b . Diario Hoy (in Spanish). 26 November 1997. Archived from the original on 4 December 2014. Retrieved 28 February 2024.
  43. ^ Mancero 2007, pp. 48.
  44. ^ a b Ramos Ballesteros 2019, p. 33—34.
  45. ^ Buendía 2019, p. 124.
  46. ^ . El Comercio (in Spanish). 27 November 2017. Archived from the original on 30 November 2017.
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  51. ^ . El Universo (in Spanish). 21 April 2013. Archived from the original on 24 April 2013. Retrieved 28 February 2024.
  52. ^ . El Telégrafo (in Spanish). 1 July 2012. Archived from the original on 5 February 2021. Retrieved 28 February 2024.
  53. ^ "Ecuador: No a la "limpieza social" contra personas por su orientación sexual" (PDF). Amnesty International (in Spanish). 30 March 2001. Retrieved 28 February 2024.
  54. ^ Cardona Acuña 2019, pp. 287.
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January 01, 1970
timeline, lgbt, history, ecuador, this, article, presents, timeline, most, relevant, events, history, lgbt, people, ecuador, earliest, manifestations, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, lgbt, people, ecuador, were, columbian, cultures, such, valdivia, tumaco, tol. This article presents a timeline of the most relevant events in the history of LGBT people in Ecuador The earliest manifestations of lesbian gay bisexual and transgender LGBT people in Ecuador were in the pre Columbian era in cultures such as Valdivia 1 Tumaco La Tolita and Bahia of which evidence has been found suggesting that homosexuality was common among its members 2 3 Documents by Hispanic chroniclers and historians such as Pedro Cieza de Leon Gonzalo Fernandez de Oviedo y Valdes and Garcilaso de la Vega point to the Manteno Huancavilca culture in particular as one in which homosexuality was openly practiced and accepted es 4 However with the Spanish conquest a system of repression was established against anyone who practiced homosexuality in the territories that currently make up Ecuador 5 LGBT activist during a protest in Ecuador in 2020 Homosexuality remained absent from the Ecuadorian Criminal Code until 1871 when it was classified for the first time as a crime with a penalty of four to eight years in prison 6 During the subsequent decades there was little mention of the subject mainly due to the criminalization of homosexuality and the conservatism present in Ecuadorian society at the time 7 A noticeable change took place in the late 1970s when waves of migration to major cities and the effect of events such as the Stonewall riots caused an increase in the visibility of LGBT people who began to hold informal meetings that would lead to the birth of an Ecuadorian gay community However these activities led to a spike in police repression mainly during the administration of Leon Febres Cordero Ribadeneyra 1984 1988 8 9 The event that marked the turning point in LGBT rights activism was the raid on the Bar Abanicos a gay bar in the city of Cuenca that was the subject of police intervention in June 1997 and where dozens of people were arrested and then tortured and raped 10 11 The event sparked criticism nationwide and led the various LGBT groups in the country to unite for the first time in a single front in order to demand the decriminalization of homosexuality and organize the first marches and public demonstrations of LGBT people in the history of Ecuador Finally on 25 November 1997 the Constitutional Court decriminalized homosexuality 12 The first years of the 21st century were characterized by greater visibility and social acceptance of sexual diversity 13 With the implementation of the 2008 Constitution LGBT people witnessed progress being made regarding their rights such as the legalization of de facto unions between persons of the same sex es 14 Recent years have brought more advances in favor of the demands of LGBT groups with several of them obtained through rulings of the Constitutional Court such as Case 0011 18 CN es and Case 10 18 CN decided on 12 June 2019 and through which same sex marriage was legalized in Ecuador 15 Contents 1 Before the 20th century 1 1 1594 1 2 1837 1 3 1871 2 20th century 2 1 1926 2 2 1938 2 3 1963 2 4 1972 2 5 1979 2 6 1982 2 7 1984 2 8 1985 2 9 1986 2 10 1989 2 11 1992 2 12 1994 2 13 1995 2 14 1997 2 15 1998 3 21st century 3 1 2000 3 2 2002 3 3 2003 3 4 2005 3 5 2007 3 6 2008 3 7 2009 3 8 2010 3 9 2011 3 10 2012 3 11 2013 3 12 2014 3 13 2015 3 14 2016 3 15 2017 3 16 2018 3 17 2019 3 18 2020 3 19 2021 3 20 2022 3 21 2023 3 22 2024 4 See also 5 Notes 6 References 7 BibliographyBefore the 20th century editThere is archaeological evidence as well as chronicles of homosexuality being practiced openly before the Spanish conquest among the pre Columbian peoples that inhabited what is now Ecuador 16 Ceramics have been found from the Valdivia culture that showed this type of relationship as part of its representations of eroticism and fertility Everything changed with the arrival of the Europeans who imposed a negative view of homosexuality based on their Catholic beliefs 1 17 3 1594 edit 11 October Andres Cupin former slave of doctor Manuel Barros de San Millan es who until the previous year had held the position of president of the Real Audiencia of Quito is executed in Lima by garrotte vil after having been accused of the sin of sodomy committed with Barros In turn Barros was sentenced in 1597 to the payment of 7 000 ducats and banishment from the Indies 18 1837 edit The first Criminal Code of Ecuador was issued which did not include sanctions for homosexual relations 6 1871 edit A new Criminal Code was issued to criminalize homosexuality in Ecuador for the first time specifically male homosexuality which was referred to as sodomy Article 401 of this Code stated 6 In cases of sodomy the guilty parties shall be sentenced to a prison term of four to eight years when no violence or threats are involved eight to 12 years when one of these circumstances is involved and an extraordinary prison term when the victim is a minor 20th century edit1926 edit 26 April Loja born writer Pablo Palacio es published his short story Un hombre muerto a puntapies es note 1 19 in Helice es magazine the first Ecuadorian literary work to openly deal with the subject of homosexuality 20 1938 edit Article 491 of the Criminal Code of this year changed the crime of sodomy to that of homosexuality and thus broadened the definition to include lesbian relations The article would later be moved to paragraph 516 Its first subsection reads as follows 6 21 In cases of homosexuality that do not constitute rape the two persons who are jointly responsible shall be punished with maximum term imprisonment of four to eight years 1963 edit 17 December A young homosexual man named Wilfrido Villamar died in Quito after being shot twice by poet and diplomat Francisco Granizo in an alleged incident of jealousy resulting from a love triangle between them and another man The case received intense negative attention from the press in subsequent months and figures such as Alejandro Carrion made public calls to clean up the homosexual decay of society When making arrests the police forced detainees to provide a list of about 400 alleged homosexual persons whose names were then published in the country s major newspapers as a form of ridicule As a result many of those mentioned lost their jobs while others had to flee the country 22 1972 edit 26 November The first gender affirming surgery in the history of Ecuador was performed on this date although it was not made public It was performed at a clinic in Guayaquil on a trans woman named Sandra Ines Ortiz 23 1979 edit Recently appointed Police Chief of Guayas and future president Abdala Bucaram launched a campaign of public ridicule against people he considered morally reprehensible Shortly after taking office he carried out a police raid in Guayaquil in which he arrested female sex workers gay men and trans women He then called on citizens to take to the streets and forced detainees to walk 25 blocks from the Cuartel Modelo police station to the Municipal Palace es while citizens who were present along the path hurled insults and objects at them 24 1982 edit Quito writer Javier Vasconez published his short story Angelote amor mio es note 2 as part of his book of short stories Ciudad lejana note 3 25 The theme of the story which describes the wake of a homosexual character and criticizes the hypocrisy and double standards of society at the time generated strong controversy in Quito in the 1980s which led the Ministry of Education to ban reading the story in educational institutions 20 26 1984 edit Guayaquil Mayor Abdala Bucaram took part in a police raid in which ten LGBT people were arrested After the arrest Bucaram personally beat the detainees with a whip 27 August The first case of HIV AIDS in Ecuador is detected in Guayaquil 28 29 4 September In an event described by the press as unprecedented a group of 14 homosexual persons detained by the police appeared before Quito Mayor Gustavo Herdoiza to request a writ of habeas corpus and denounce extortion and torture 27 1985 edit 23 May Conservative President Leon Febres Cordero Ribadeneyra created the escuadrones volantes note 4 a group of special police forces that perpetrated human rights violations and acts of torture until it was dissolved in 1988 Among the targeted groups were LGBT people particularly trans women who were often beaten raped and tortured by the squads 30 1986 edit Activist Orlando Montoya was interviewed on Channel 4 where he denounced hate crimes against gender diverse persons and the impunity regarding these cases This made him the first LGBT person to appear on Ecuadorian television to denounce cases of homophobia As a result of his participation in the interview Montoya was arrested by the police 31 25 December The group Entre Amigos note 5 was created 32 It was led by Orlando Montoya and considered one of the first LGBT groups in the country 33 34 to decry human rights violations against LGBT people 35 apart from promoting campaigns for the prevention of HIV AIDS It later became the SOGA Sociedad Gay note 6 collective later on the FEDAEPS Fundacion Ecuatoriana de Ayuda Educacion y Prevencion del Sida note 7 36 1989 edit SOGA launched the publication En directo Boletin lesbico gay note 8 where it published news related to sexual diversity and the fight for LGBT rights 31 1992 edit 9 January The Ecuadorian Police captured Juan Fernando Hermosa known as Nino del Terror note 9 a serial killer who murdered at least ten gay men and who had caused panic among the LGBT population in Quito 37 1994 edit The Inter American Commission on Human Rights required Ecuador to comply with international treaties regarding the respect and protection of gender diverse persons after receiving complaints about instances of police abuse in the country 38 39 1995 edit 15 August The nonprofit organization Fundacion Amigos por la Vida Famivida es note 10 the first LGBT organization in Guayaquil was created 40 41 1997 edit 14 June The National Police of Ecuador carried out a raid on Bar Abanicos a gay bar located in Cuenca where it arrested around 63 people many of whom were subsequently tortured and abused The case led various sectors of the gender diverse population to organize for the first time in the country and hold events to demand the decriminalization of homosexuality 42 10 27 August Human rights organizations gay men and trans women mainly organized through Asociacion Coccinelle es note 11 held a march in Quito that ended at Independence Square to demand the decriminalization of homosexuality 43 This was the first march of gender diverse persons in the history of Ecuador 44 17 September The first public demonstration of LGBT people in the history of Guayaquil took place in the city as part of the struggle to achieve the decriminalization of homosexuality in the country 44 45 25 November The Constitutional Court issued a ruling in Case 111 97 TC which decriminalized homosexuality in Ecuador by unanimously repealing the first clause of Article 516 of the Criminal Code that is the one that criminalized homosexuality with a sentence of four to eight years of imprisonment The decision was published in the Official Gazette two days later 10 42 46 47 1998 edit The sitcom Mis adorables entenados con billete note 12 premiered this year It was the first Ecuadorian television program to include a homosexual character although it reinforced negative stereotypes 48 The 1998 Constitution of Ecuador es was approved which prohibited for the first time to discriminate based on sexual orientation The first subsection of article 23 states 49 All persons shall be considered equal and shall enjoy the same rights freedoms and opportunities without discrimination on grounds of birth age sex ethnicity skin color social origin language religion political affiliation economic status sexual orientation health status disability or difference of any other kind 28 June The first LGBT pride parade es in the history of the country took place in Quito 50 51 52 21st century edit2000 edit 28 June Around 300 people organized by the Famivida foundation attempted to hold the first LGBT pride parade in Guayaquil but the event was disrupted by a group of 60 police officers who launched tear gas at them 53 2002 edit 26 July Several countries including Ecuador signed the Andean Charter for the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights in Guayaquil which recognized sexual orientation as a category protected against discrimination 54 55 56 November The first edition of the The Place Without Limits International LGBT Film Festival es was held this month 57 2003 edit 23 January Voces de la diversidad note 13 the first LGBT radio program in the history of the country premiered on Radio La Luna es ratio station 58 2005 edit Juan Sebastian Lopez Ecuadorian participant and eventual winner of reality show Gran Hermano del Pacifico 59 came out as gay on the program and was a part of the first same sex kiss in the history of Ecuadorian television 60 23 June Political party Ruptura de los 25 published a communique vindicating LGBT rights making it the first Ecuadorian political organization to publicly support the demands of the LGBT community 61 September Guayaquil born writer Sonia Manzano Vela published her novel Eses fatales 62 63 considered the first lesbian novel written by an Ecuadorian woman 64 October The novel Salvo el calvario 65 by writer Lucrecia Maldonado es won the Aurelio Espinosa Polit National Literature Award es 66 The novel was one of the first Ecuadorian literary works to take a positive look at same sex relationships 20 2007 edit The Civil Registry Office updated its instructions for the issuance of identity cards to transgender persons following the case of Gabriela Salazar a trans woman who had protested against the institution s refusal to change her birth name to a female name and for trying to force her to remove her make up to pose for the photograph on her identity document 67 68 69 The case set a precedent for trans women in similar situations 70 On the occasion of the 2007 Constituent Assembly election openly LGBT people ran for elected office for the first time in the country such as Mabell Garcia es Any Argudo 71 oscar Ugarte 72 Elizabeth Vasquez 73 Francisco Guayasamin and Thalia Alvarez 74 December The Metropolitan Council of Quito es approved Ordinance 240 against the discrimination of LGBT people making Quito the first city in the country to approve regulations in favor of gender diverse persons 75 2008 edit 25 June The city of Manta held its first LGBT Pride Parade 76 77 28 June Guayaquil held its first LGBT pride parade es 78 20 October The 2008 Constitution of Ecuador added gender identity to the list of categories protected against discrimination In addition the constitution legalized de facto unions for same sex couples es Article 68 states 79 49 The stable and monogamous union between two persons free of marriage ties who form a de facto couple for the duration and under the conditions and circumstances established by law shall generate the same rights and obligations as held by families constituted by marriage 2009 edit nbsp Sandra Alvarez Monsalve first openly LGBT person elected as alternate assembly member February The Legislative and Oversight Commission es amended the Code of Criminal Procedure to introduce among other criminal offenses the figure of hate crimes against LGBT people 80 81 82 26 April Activist Sandra Alvarez Monsalve is elected es alternate member of the National Assembly for the 2009 2013 term 83 making her the first openly lesbian woman in the country to achieve this position 84 85 12 August The first de facto union of a same sex couple is registered in a notary s office in Quito 86 87 The couple chose to keep their identity confidential 84 22 October After a long court battle Estrella Estevez es became the first trans woman in the country s history to change her gender marker to female on her identity document 88 2010 edit 10 December The marriage of Joey Hateley and Hugo Vera a couple made up of a trans man and a cisgender man is held in Quito The marriage was officiated by City Councilor Norman Wray Reyes es It was possible because Hateley still had his gender marker as female on his identity documents and thus there were no legal restrictions applicable National and international media outlets described the event as the country s first gay wedding 89 90 91 2011 edit The Ecuadorian Institute of Social Security agreed for the first time to grant the corresponding pension and benefits to the same sex partner of a woman who had died It also stated that it would do the same in the future for people in similar situations 92 93 March Activist and politician Humberto Mata Espinel es became the first Ecuadorian public figure to marry a person of the same sex The wedding took place in Argentina 94 95 2012 edit January Carina Vance the former director of lesbian rights organization Causana was appointed as the minister of public health of Ecuador making her the first openly gay person to hold a ministerial office 96 97 11 May The Ministry of Public Health es issued ministerial decision 767 which established the prohibition for the operation of centers that perform sexual conversion therapy 98 99 2013 edit nbsp Meeting of LGBT activists with President Rafael Correa During the 2013 presidential elections candidates Alberto Acosta Espinosa es and Norman Wray Reyes es publicly expressed their position in favor of legalizing same sex marriage 100 101 8 June The city of Portoviejo held its first LGBT Pride Parade 102 103 June The case of Zulema Constante a young lesbian woman who was kidnapped by her family and sent to a conversion therapy clinic es in the Ecuadorian Amazon rainforest where she was tortured in an attempt to change her sexual orientation caused international uproar The incident was decried by celebrities such as Puerto Rican singer Ricky Martin who described the incident as a horror movie 104 105 106 107 108 13 December For the first time in history LGBT activists held an official meeting with an Ecuadorian president in this case with Rafael Correa 109 2014 edit nbsp Diane Rodriguez and her partner minutes before the registration of their common law marriage 15 September 2014 28 January The National Assembly approved the Comprehensive Organic Criminal Code es 110 It included a subsection that defined sex or gender conversion or reorientation therapies as an aggravating circumstance of the crime of torture 111 112 23 June The city of Cuenca held its first LGBT Pride Parade 113 114 22 August The Civil Registry of Ecuador es issued a resolution allowing common law unions to be registered in a person s identity card as complementary information related to marital status 115 116 2015 edit nbsp LGBT activists at the National Assembly during one of the debates on reforms to the Civil Code 14 April The National Assembly of Ecuador approved the Organic Law for Labor Justice which includes an article that establishes economic retribution for people who are fired because of their sexual orientation 117 118 21 April The National Assembly approved a series of reforms to the Civil Code one of which turned the concept of a de facto union es or domestic partnership into a new marital status 119 120 In addition it approved the possibility of changing the field marked gender in a person s identity card for the one they identify with provided they are older than 18 presents a court order and brings two witnesses to corroborate their gender identity 121 2016 edit 12 February The Cuenca municipal council approved the Ordinance for the inclusion recognition and respect for gender and sexual gender diversity in the canton of Cuenca 122 4 March The Provincial Chamber of Azuay unanimously approved an ordinance that opened a registry of symbolic marriage ceremonies for same sex couples 123 124 The first one took place on 28 June of the same year 125 16 June The National Assembly approved a resolution to officially declare 27 November as the National Day of Sexual Gender Diversity 126 127 22 July The city of Quevedo held its first LGBT Pride Parade 128 129 31 August The Inter American Court of Human Rights issued a ruling in the Flor Freire vs Ecuador case in which it found the country guilty of discriminating against former soldier Homero Flor Freire who had been expelled from the Armed Forces in 2001 for allegedly having had sexual relations with another man In its decision the Court found that the disciplinary rule that had been applied to Flor Freire s expulsion was discriminatory as it penalized sexual relations between men more severely than heterosexual relations 130 131 2017 edit During the 2017 presidential election es candidate Paco Moncayo of the Democratic Left party publicly expressed his position in favor of legalizing same sex marriage 132 19 February Activist Diane Rodriguez was elected es alternate member of the National Assembly for the 2017 2021 term making her the first transgender person in the country to occupy that position 133 10 May The Constitutional Court issued a ruling in Case 0288 12 EP in favor of Bruno Paolo Calderon a trans man who sued the State for it to recognize his gender as male The Court ruled that both his identity card and birth certificate should be changed to state his gender as male and asked the National Assembly to amend the law to facilitate future cases 93 134 2018 edit 29 May The Constitutional Court issued a ruling in Case 1692 12 EP es in favor of Satya a girl born to a female couple whom the Civil Registry had prevented from being registered as her mothers In its decision the Court ordered the Civil Registry to register Satya with the surnames of her mothers in addition to ruling that in the future any child conceived through assisted reproduction methods shall be registered regardless of whether they come from a heterosexual or same sex parent household 135 29 June Judges Iliana Vallejo and Ruth Alvarez from the Judicial Unit for Families Women Children and Adolescents of the city of Cuenca admitted the appeal for protection of two same sex couples who had unsuccessfully attempted to marry months earlier The judges also declared that the principle of equality had been violated and that the Civil Registry should allow the couples to marry immediately The Civil Registry refused and appealed the ruling 136 29 June The cities of Babahoyo and Zamora held their first LGBT pride parades 137 138 10 September The Tribunal of the Court of Justice of Azuay admitted the appeal of the Civil Registry and overturned the decision of judges Vallejo and Alvarez who had ruled in favor of same sex marriage on 29 June 139 140 141 16 October Judge Jorge Duarte Estevez ruled in favor of Amada a nine year old trans girl whose family sued the Civil Registry for preventing her from registering her new name and gender 142 143 144 Amada made the changes at the Civil Registry on 27 November of the same year becoming the first trans girl in Ecuador to successfully change her identity 145 2019 edit nbsp Alexandra Chavez and Michelle Aviles first same sex couple to get married in Ecuador 12 June The Constitutional Court issued a ruling in Case 0011 18 CN es and Case 10 18 CN legalizing same sex marriage in Ecuador 15 146 The first case originated after the Civil Registry denied the couple made up by Efrain Soria and Javier Benalcazar the right to marry so they took the case to the Provincial Court of Pichincha which in turn decided to elevate the request to the Constitutional Court 147 Soria and Benalcazar finally got married on 31 August of that same year 148 18 July Michelle Aviles and Alexandra Chavez became the first same sex couple to enter into a civil marriage in the country The ceremony took place in the building of the Civil Registry of Guayaquil 149 150 151 152 25 July Giovanny Vareles and Borys Alvarez became the first male couple to enter into a civil marriage in Ecuador The ceremony also took place in Guayaquil 153 2020 edit 20 November The first National Trans March of Ecuador es was held on this date 154 155 2021 edit 28 June President Guillermo Lasso created the Undersecretary of Diversities 156 the first public institution in the country s history created with the sole purpose of addressing the problems of the LGBT community 157 28 June The city of Riobamba held its first LGBT Pride Parade 158 13 July The National Assembly of Ecuador ratified with 126 votes in favor and 0 against the Inter American Convention Against All Forms of Discrimination and Intolerance 159 160 the first binding regional document that explicitly recognizes sexual orientation gender identity and gender expression as grounds for discrimination 161 20 October The Constitutional Court issued a ruling in Case 1290 18 EP in favor of Diocles Garcia a man who was expelled from the Armed Forces in 1991 for allegedly being homosexual As reparation measures the Court required the Armed Forces to apologize publicly to Garcia give him a sum of US 5 000 in reparations and launch human rights training courses within the institution 162 163 23 December The Provincial Court of Guayas ruled in favor of Raphaella a girl born of a lesbian couple whom the Civil Registry refused to register as the daughter of two mothers stating that the precedent established in the Satya Case es did not apply to Raphaella because she was conceived by non medical artificial insemination The Court rejected this argument and ordered the registration of the child which finally occurred in February 2022 164 2022 edit nbsp Walter Gomez Ronquillo in 2022 12 September Two openly LGBT politicians Walter Gomez Ronquillo es and Jahiren Noriega 165 166 took office as principal Assembly members after the resignation of Alexandra Arce and Pabel Munoz es 167 14 October The LGBT Chamber of Commerce of Ecuador es held the first job fair for the LGBT community in the country 168 2023 edit 5 February Jose Arroyo Cabrera es is elected mayor of Pujili Canton making him the first openly LGBT person to be elected mayor in Ecuador s history 169 2024 edit 25 January The National Assembly of Ecuador approved in a final vote a reform to the law on identity and vital records management through which it legalized the change of sex or gender in identity documents for trans people without the need to present medical certificates or witnesses as the law previously required 170 171 The bill was approved in the first vote on 12 December 2023 172 See also edit nbsp Ecuador portal nbsp LGBT portal LGBT rights in Ecuador Decriminalization of homosexuality in Ecuador Same sex marriage in Ecuador LGBT rights in the Americas Case No 111 97 TCNotes edit English The Man Who Was Kicked to Death English Angelote my love English Distant City English mobile squads English Among Friends English Gay Society English Ecuadorian Foundation of Help Education and Prevention of AIDS English Live Gay Lesbian Bulletin English Child of Terror English Friends for Life Foundation English Coccinelle Association English My adorable stepchildren with money English Voices of DiversityReferences edit a b Moreta Modesto 26 November 2014 La homosexualidad es un tabu en pueblos indigenas El Comercio Archived from the original on 1 December 2014 Retrieved 26 February 2024 Ugalde 2017 p 111 a b Aguiar 2018 p 51 sfn error no target CITEREFAguiar2018 help Benavides 2006 p 148 Benavides 2006 p 152 a b c d Aguiar 2018 p 53 sfn error no target CITEREFAguiar2018 help Buendia 2019 p 123 Buendia 2019 p 119 Ramos Ballesteros 2019 p 18 a b c Cervantes Pesantes Jeanneth 18 August 2020 Nadie muere para siempre La Periodica in Spanish Retrieved 27 February 2024 Galarraga Alicia 16 August 2020 Descansa en paz Pachis El Telegrafo in Spanish Retrieved 27 February 2024 Quintana amp Pimentel 2014 p 39 sfn error no target CITEREFQuintanaPimentel2014 help Buendia 2019 p 127 Quintana amp Pimentel 2014 p 55 sfn error no target CITEREFQuintanaPimentel2014 help a b Troya Pamela 12 July 2020 A un ano del matrimonio igualitario en Ecuador El Telegrafo in Spanish Retrieved 27 February 2024 Ugalde 2017 p 2 the chronicles from the early centuries of the colonial period make it very clear that among some peoples of pre Columbian America the manifestation of sexual preferences between persons of the same sex was very common that it was practiced openly without any social sanction whatsoever for the specific case of the Ecuadorian coast several chroniclers attested to the existence of a group of boys and young men who were dressed and adorned with feminine attributes and who played the role of sexual servants for the men of the elite classes a select group called enchaquirados es lit wearers of chaquiras or beads Benavides 2006 p 157 Mori Bolo 2020 p 15 Palacio Pablo 2008 Obras completas in Spanish 2nd ed Quito Libresa ISBN 9789978491027 a b c Artieda Pedro 30 June 2014 Con tinta roja se escribe la diversidad en la narrativa ecuatoriana El Telegrafo in Spanish Archived from the original on 29 January 2018 Retrieved 27 February 2024 10 momentos claves de la lucha LGBTI en Ecuador Radio Cocoa in Spanish 23 June 2020 Archived from the original on 29 September 2020 Retrieved 27 February 2024 Camacho Zambrano 2011 p 28 Cambio de sexo lleva 37 anos en el pais El Universo in Spanish 22 November 2009 Archived from the original on 25 November 2009 Retrieved 27 February 2024 Buendia 2019 p 118 Vasconez Javier 1982 Ciudad lejana in Spanish 2nd ed Bogota La Oveja Negra ISBN 9580615357 Villafuerte Carlos 31 July 2013 Angelote amor mio un demonio en una ciudad conventual Matavilela in Spanish Archived from the original on 1 August 2015 Retrieved 27 February 2024 a b Cardona Montoya 2015 pp 19 20 von Buchwald Juana 5 June 2011 A 30 anos del primer caso de VIH crece el numero de afectados El Universo in Spanish Archived from the original on 30 August 2011 Retrieved 27 February 2024 Maquilon Estefanie 9 July 2009 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in Spanish 14 June 2014 Archived from the original on 15 June 2014 Retrieved 1 March 2024 Union de hecho estara en cedula pero hay reparos El Universo in Spanish 15 September 2014 Archived from the original on 17 September 2014 Retrieved 1 March 2024 Paucar Elena Jaramillo Andres 14 September 2014 La union de hecho constara en la cedula como un estado civil El Comercio in Spanish Archived from the original on 17 September 2014 Retrieved 1 March 2024 Coronel Garces Cesar 23 April 2015 La reforma laboral Plan V in Spanish Archived from the original on 2 May 2015 Retrieved 1 March 2024 Aprobada la Ley de Justicia Laboral que reforma la seguridad social El Universo in Spanish 14 April 2015 Archived from the original on 15 April 2015 Retrieved 1 March 2024 La union de hecho garantiza el derecho a heredar bienes montepio utilidades El Comercio in Spanish 22 April 2015 Archived from the original on 25 April 2015 Retrieved 1 March 2024 Comunidad GLBTI celebra el reconocimiento de la union de hecho como estado civil El Comercio in Spanish 22 April 2015 Archived from the original on 23 April 2015 Retrieved 1 March 2024 La union de hecho es el mayor avance de los GLBTI en Ecuador El Comercio in Spanish 9 April 2016 Archived from the original on 11 April 2016 Retrieved 1 March 2024 Ordenanza para la inclusion el reconocimiento y respeto a la diversidad sexual y sexo generica en el canton Cuenca Municipality of Cuenca es in Spanish 24 February 2016 Retrieved 1 March 2024 La Camara Provincial de Azuay aprobo una ordenanza para el matrimonio simbolico de la poblacion LGBTI El Comercio in Spanish 4 March 2016 Archived from the original on 5 March 2016 Retrieved 1 March 2024 Prefectura de Azuay aprueba matrimonio simbolico GLBTI El Universo in Spanish 4 March 2016 Archived from the original on 6 March 2016 Retrieved 1 March 2024 Castillo Lineida 29 June 2016 En Cuenca se celebro el primer matrimonio simbolico de pareja GLBTI El Comercio in Spanish Archived from the original on 2 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Archived from the original PDF on 2 June 2017 Retrieved 1 March 2024 Paco Moncayo Los heterosexuales no podemos imponer normas a homosexuales La Republica es in Spanish 30 November 2016 Archived from the original on 1 December 2016 Retrieved 1 March 2024 Ecuador aun en la cola de la participacion electoral de la comunidad LGBTI Diario Expreso es in Spanish 29 October 2017 Archived from the original on 3 August 2021 Retrieved 1 March 2024 Sentencia N 133 17 SEP CC Caso N 0288 12 EP PDF Constitutional Court of Ecuador in Spanish 10 May 2017 Retrieved 1 March 2024 Rosero Mariela 19 June 2018 Registro Civil debera inscribir a hijos de familias diversas tras fallo sobre Satya El Comercio in Spanish Archived from the original on 20 June 2018 Rosero Mariela 5 July 2018 Dos parejas del mismo sexo esperan resultado de apelacion a sentencia a favor de sus matrimonios en Cuenca El Comercio in Spanish Archived from the original on 6 July 2018 Retrieved 1 March 2024 GLBTI alistan pregon El Diario in Spanish 22 June 2018 Archived from the original on 3 July 2022 Retrieved 1 March 2024 Desfile por conmemorar Dia Internacional del Orgullo LGBTI La Hora in Spanish 2 July 2018 Archived from the original on 3 July 2022 Retrieved 1 March 2024 Corte de Justicia rechaza matrimonio igualitario El Telegrafo in Spanish 10 September 2018 Archived from the original on 12 September 2018 Retrieved 1 March 2024 Tribunal de Cuenca rechazo union civil de pareja gay El Universo in Spanish 10 September 2018 Archived from the original on 11 September 2018 Retrieved 1 March 2024 Vaca Fermin 17 September 2018 Las cuestionadas sentencias que frenan el matrimonio igualitario Plan V Archived from the original on 21 September 2018 Retrieved 1 March 2024 Molina V oscar 24 September 2018 Amada GK in Spanish Archived from the original on 30 September 2018 Retrieved 1 March 2024 Cevallos Daniela 16 October 2018 Juez acepto accion de proteccion a favor de Nina trans El Comercio in Spanish Archived from the original on 17 August 2021 Retrieved 1 March 2024 Rosero Mariela 20 January 2018 Los padres de una nina trans pidieron cambio de nombre y sexo en su documento de identidad en Quito El Comercio in Spanish Archived from the original on 20 January 2018 Rosero Mariela 27 November 2018 Amada nina trans ecuatoriana ya tiene un documento de identidad acorde a su genero El Comercio in Spanish Archived from the original on 12 May 2021 Retrieved 1 March 2024 Caso No 11 18 CN matrimonio igualitario Corte Constitucional del Ecuador PDF Constitutional Court of Ecuador in Spanish 12 June 2019 Retrieved 1 March 2024 Matrimonio igualitario en Ecuador la Corte Constitucional reconoce la union civil entre personas del mismo sexo BBC News in Spanish 13 June 2019 Archived from the original on 13 August 2019 Retrieved 1 March 2024 Rosero Mariela 12 June 2020 Ecuador le dijo si al matrimonio civil igualitario hace un ano El Comercio in Spanish Archived from the original on 24 June 2020 Retrieved 1 March 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2006 La representacion del pasado sexual de Guayaquil historizando los enchaquirados Iconos Revista de Ciencias Sociales in Spanish 10 24 Dossier Lo global y lo local en el medio rural Quito Ecuador Latin American Faculty of Social Sciences FLACSO 145 160 doi 10 17141 iconos 24 2006 154 hdl 10469 715 ISSN 1390 8065 Retrieved 26 February 2024 Buendia Silvia 2019 Desde la verguenza hacia el orgullo El trayecto que nos permitio dejar de ser delincuentes y empezar a ser ciudadanos In Viteri Maria Amelia ed Violencia generos y derechos en el territorio in Spanish Ecuador Abya Yala pp 113 138 ISBN 9789942096333 Retrieved 26 February 2024 Ramos Ballesteros Paulino 2019 Memorias Mecas Archivo imagenes y cuerpo en el vigesimo aniversario de la despenalizacion de la homosexualidad en Ecuador MA in Visual Anthropology thesis in Spanish Quito Ecuador Latin American Faculty of Social Sciences hdl 10469 16003 Quintana Zurita Yina Pimentel Bolanos Jose Luis 2014 Balance y perspectivas de los derechos 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Spanish Quito Ecuador Central University of Ecuador Retrieved 27 February 2024 Garita Sanchez Ana Karen 2021 Hacerse voz hacia una comprension del sujeto la subjetividad y la identidad politica lesbica de Quito y Guayaquil a traves del espacio biografico Master s degree in social sciences research thesis in Spanish Quito Ecuador Latin American Faculty of Social Sciences hdl 10469 17377 Retrieved 27 February 2024 Del silencio a la visibilidad activismos politizacion y derechos humanos de las mujeres lesbianas en Ecuador Report in Spanish Quito Ecuador National Council for Gender Equality 2020 Retrieved 27 February 2024 Sancho Ordonez Fernando I Platero R Lucas 2018 Memorias posibles para el Movimiento Trans en Ecuador PDF Ex AEquo in Spanish No 38 Associacao Portuguesa de Estudos sobre as Mulheres doi 10 22355 exaequo 2018 38 04 Retrieved 28 February 2024 Vejar Jaramillo Maria Emilia 2013 TRANSgrediendo cuerpos Campana comunicacional a favor del reconocimiento de la diversidad sexo genetica especificamente de las mujeres trans Bachelor s degree in communications and public relations thesis in Spanish Quito Ecuador Universidad San Francisco de Quito Retrieved 28 February 2024 Gonzalez Saguay Daniela Alexandra Roman Armijos Aquiles Mauricio 2021 Reconstruccion de la historia del movimiento LGBTI en Cuenca en el periodo 1997 2017 a traves de historias de vida Bachelor s degree in social communication sciences thesis in Spanish Cuenca Ecuador University of Cuenca Retrieved 1 March 2024 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Timeline of LGBT history in Ecuador amp oldid 1221638079, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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