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Tiger Bay

April 09, 2024

For other uses, see Tiger Bay (disambiguation).

Tiger Bay (Welsh: Bae Teigr) was the local name for an area of Cardiff which covered Butetown and Cardiff Docks. Following the building of the Cardiff Barrage, which dams the tidal rivers, Ely and Taff, to create a body of water, it is referred to as Cardiff Bay. Tiger Bay is Wales’ oldest multi-ethnic community, with sailors and workers from over 50 countries settling there from the mid-19th century onwards.[1]

Tiger Bay

Background edit

Cardiff Docks played a major part in Cardiff's development as it was the means of exporting coal from the South Wales Valleys to the rest of the world, helping to power the Industrial Age. The coal mining industry helped fund the growth of Cardiff to become the capital city of Wales, and contributed towards making the docks' owner, the 3rd Marquess of Bute, the richest man in the world at the time.

In 1794, the Glamorganshire Canal was completed, linking Cardiff with Merthyr, and in 1798 a basin was built, connecting the canal to the sea. Increasing agitation for proper dock facilities led Cardiff's foremost landowner, the 2nd Marquess of Bute, to promote the construction of the West Bute Dock, which opened in October 1839. Just two years later, the Taff Vale Railway opened. From the 1850s coal supplanted iron as the industrial foundation of South Wales, as the Cynon Valley and Rhondda Valley were mined.

Growth of 'Tiger Bay' edit

 
Immigrant Statues, Cardiff Bay. A bronze of an immigrant couple symbolising the arrival of many to Tiger Bay seeking a better life in Britain.

As Cardiff's coal exports grew, so did its population. Well-appointed residential areas were created in the 1840s and early 1850s, centred around Mount Stuart Square and Loudoun Square (between West Bute Street and the Glamorganshire Canal) to house the growing numbers of merchants, brokers, builders, and seafarers from across the world settling close to the docks.[2] The area, known as Tiger Bay from the fierce currents around the local tidal stretches of the River Severn, became one of the UK's oldest multicultural communities, with migrant communities from over 50 nationalities, including Norwegian, Somali, Yemeni, Spanish, Italian, Caribbean, and Irish. All the nationalities helped to create the multicultural character of the area, where people from different backgrounds socialised together and intermarried.[3][4]

The East Bute dock opened in 1859. Coal exports from Cardiff Docks reached 2 million tons as early as 1862; by 1913, this had risen to 10,700,000 tons. Frustration at the lack of development at Cardiff led to rival docks being opened at nearby Penarth in 1865 and Barry in 1889. These developments eventually spurred Cardiff into action, with the opening of the Roath Dock in 1887 and the Queen Alexandra Dock in 1907. Coal exports from the South Wales Coalfield via Cardiff totalled nearly 9 million tons per annum, much of it exported in the holds of locally owned tramp steamers. The wealthier residents were able to move away to the new Cardiff suburbs. Butetown (particularly the area around Loudoun Square) became crowded, as families took in lodgers and split up the three-storey houses to help pay the rents.[2]

Tiger Bay had a reputation as a tough and dangerous area; but locals who lived and stayed in the area describe a far friendlier place.[5] Merchant seamen arrived in Cardiff from all over the world, only staying for as long as it took to discharge and reload their ships. Consequently, it has been said that the area became the red-light district of Cardiff, and many murders and lesser crimes went unsolved and unpunished, as the perpetrators had sailed away. In reality the primary brothels streets, and the primary red light area, were Charlotte Street and Whitmore Lane, both of which were outside Tiger Bay. They were demolished, and the site is now the Marriott Hotel car park.

By 1932, in the depths of the Great Depression which followed the 1926 United Kingdom general strike, coal exports had fallen to below 5 million tons, and dozens of locally owned ships were laid up. It was an era of depression from which Cardiff never really recovered, and despite intense activity at the port during the Second World War, coal exports continued to decline, finally ceasing in 1964.

Redevelopment edit

Further information: Cardiff Bay

Coal exports were key to the local economy, which began to decline in the 1960s, when exports from the docks stopped. Housing clearances in the 1960s relocated many of the residents of Butetown, previously the residential core of the docklands, into unpopular tower blocks.[6] The economic decline in the 1960s and 1970s led to a 25% vacancy rate of buildings and 60% unemployment in Butetown. The infrastructure and buildings in the area declined: by the 1970s and 1980s the area required development and investment.[7]

The price of land in the area decreased as there was a decline in traditional industry. This led to a rise in commercial developments, which were largely celebrated as a regeneration, although they displaced the local multicultural community as homes were demolished.[6]

Around 1999, the area was redeveloped by the Cardiff Bay Development Corporation. This redevelopment was focused around the building of the Cardiff Bay Barrage, one of the most controversial building projects of the day,[8] which impounded the rivers Taff and the Ely to create a massive freshwater lake. This resulted in the equally controversial renaming of the area as "Cardiff Bay".

The opposition to the development was led on the grounds of removal of communities, and ecological preservation of the mud-flats and salt marshes which were home to wintering birds.[9]

Butetown councillor Saeed Ebrahim has commented on the present day repercussions of these developments on the local community:

“The way developments were created was not very healthy, put it that way. The developers created us and them. They never wanted to include their developments in the older people and the older Butetown communities.”

“The development of Cardiff Bay has never included the people of Butetown frankly, and still to this day they are not included into the agenda of businesses. And still, there's a huge divide in the Bay and Butetown.”

The funding available for the existing community was small and the Tiger Bay name was pushed out in favour of Cardiff Bay.

Community and cultural spaces edit

Industrial and Maritime Museum edit

Main article: Welsh Industrial and Maritime Museum

In the redevelopment of the area, some long-standing cultural institutions were closed or demolished to make space for new buildings. In the 1970s, the Industrial and Maritime Museum was built on Bute Street to commemorate the heritage and history of the area. The museum, along with other historical buildings on Bute Street, were demolished in the 1990s to make space for the Mermaid Quay shopping and leisure development.[7]

Butetown History and Arts Centre edit

Main article: Butetown History and Arts Centre

In 1988, coinciding with the creation of the Cardiff Bay Development Corporation, the Butetown History and Arts Centre was created by the Butetown community to preserve the cultural-political heritage of the area. The centre was the site of historical oral recordings, educational events and activities for children and adults, and it also published books.[10] The founder, an American historian named Glenn Jordan, was certain that the centre would remain an integral part of the regeneration project, since the area was deemed to be an example of a harmonious multi-racial community.[11] However, the corporation provided no funding to the centre, and the space had to rely on external charitable funding to keep running.[12] In late 2016, the long-standing institution could not obtain funding and was shut down. Its rich collection of the history of the Tiger Bay needed re-housing, and the last important link for communities that had been cleared out from the area, to make space for the re-generation, was now closed.[12][11]

The BHAC collection has passed to The Heritage & Cultural Exchange, a local community-based organisation.[13]

Popular culture edit

The name "Tiger Bay" was applied in popular literature and slang (especially that of sailors) to any dock or seaside neighbourhood which shared a similar notoriety for danger.[14]

Film edit

Music edit

Television edit

  • The television drama Tiger Bay (1997) is based in the area.[16]

Theatre edit

  • A musical about the history of Tiger Bay named Tiger Bay: The Musical premiered at the Wales Millennium Centre (in Cardiff Bay) from 13 to 25 November 2017.[citation needed]
  • A play by Diana Nneka Atuona, Trouble in Butetown, about a family that encounters an American GI in 1943 set in Tiger Bay, premiered in the Donmar Warehouse in February 2023.[17]

Notable residents edit

Sport edit

HMS Tiger Bay edit

Main article: HMS Tiger Bay

During the Falklands War in 1982, the Argentine Z-28 patrol boat ARA Islas Malvinas GC82 was captured by the Type 42 destroyer HMS Cardiff. Brought into service with the Royal Navy, the crew subsequently renamed her HMS Tiger Bay. Stationed in Portsmouth Harbour for a period, she was sold for scrap in 1986.

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ "Cardiff's Tiger Bay". BBC. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
  2. ^ a b Evans, Catherine; Dodsworth, Steve; Barnett, Julie (1984), Below the Bridge: A photo-historical survey of Cardiff's docklands to 1983, Cardiff: National Museum of Wales Cardiff, pp. 23, 43–44, ISBN 0-7200-0288-5
  3. ^ "New Tiger Bay material to showcase Cardiff docks' history". BBC News. 13 December 2018. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
  4. ^ "BBC Wales - History - Themes - Tiger Bay". www.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
  5. ^ . BBC. Archived from the original on 13 April 2011. Retrieved 25 January 2014.
  6. ^ a b Deacon, Thomas (19 July 2020). "The inconvenient truth about Cardiff Bay: The history of Cardiff's waterfront and how Wales' first BAME community was driven out to build it". Wales Online. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
  7. ^ a b Jones, Adrian (27 March 2011). "Cardiff Bay Blues". Jones the Planner.
  8. ^ "Report on Cardiff Bay". Newswales.co.uk. Archived from the original on 4 September 2012. Retrieved 25 January 2014.
  9. ^ Best, Sian (5 January 2005). "Dam Nuisance". The Guardian.
  10. ^ Littler, Jo; Naidoo, Roshi (2005), The Politics of Heritage: The Legacies of 'race', Routledge, p. 146, ISBN 0-415-32210-3
  11. ^ a b Benjamin, Alison (14 March 2001). "Mixed Metaphor". The Guardian.
  12. ^ a b Mosalski, Ruth. "Butetown History and Arts Centre to close its doors - but needs help to keep archive". Wales Online.
  13. ^ "Home". www.tigerbay.org.uk. Retrieved 19 March 2022.
  14. ^ "Districts - Streets - Bluegate Fields [article by reader of www.victorianlondon.org]". Victorian London. Retrieved 25 January 2014.
  15. ^ "Tiger Bay (1959)". www.imdb.com. 27 June 1959. Retrieved 26 December 2009.
  16. ^ ""Tiger Bay" (1997)". www.imdb.com. Retrieved 26 December 2009.
  17. ^ "Trouble in Butetown review – humanity and heroism in wartime Cardiff". The Guardian. 21 February 2023. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
  18. ^ Mohammed, Aamir (16 June 2019). "The notorious race riots in Cardiff that shamed Wales". WalesOnline. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
  19. ^ "Gaynor Legall". www.100welshwomen.wales. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
  20. ^ "The Legendary - Vic Parker". Preservation Jazz Society. Retrieved 13 September 2021.
  21. ^ Roberts, Andy (2 April 2009). "Butetown celebrates jazz heritage". BBC News.
  22. ^ "Tiger Bay Youth - Christmas Decorations & Ornaments".

Sources edit

  • Published: 3 May 2005
  • "The Tiger Bay Story" by Neil M.C.Sinclair, published by Dragon & Tiger Enterprises, ISBN 0-9530859-0-2

External links edit

  • Tamed and Shabby Tiger BBC programme page with 1968 archive footage of Tiger Bay
  • The Heritage & Cultural Exchange Archive - Tiger Bay and the World

51°27′47″N 3°10′01″W / 51.463°N 3.167°W / 51.463; -3.167

April 09, 2024
tiger, other, uses, disambiguation, welsh, teigr, local, name, area, cardiff, which, covered, butetown, cardiff, docks, following, building, cardiff, barrage, which, dams, tidal, rivers, taff, create, body, water, referred, cardiff, wales, oldest, multi, ethni. For other uses see Tiger Bay disambiguation Tiger Bay Welsh Bae Teigr was the local name for an area of Cardiff which covered Butetown and Cardiff Docks Following the building of the Cardiff Barrage which dams the tidal rivers Ely and Taff to create a body of water it is referred to as Cardiff Bay Tiger Bay is Wales oldest multi ethnic community with sailors and workers from over 50 countries settling there from the mid 19th century onwards 1 Tiger Bay Contents 1 Background 2 Growth of Tiger Bay 2 1 Redevelopment 3 Community and cultural spaces 3 1 Industrial and Maritime Museum 3 2 Butetown History and Arts Centre 4 Popular culture 4 1 Film 4 2 Music 4 3 Television 4 4 Theatre 5 Notable residents 6 Sport 7 HMS Tiger Bay 8 See also 9 References 9 1 Sources 10 External linksBackground editCardiff Docks played a major part in Cardiff s development as it was the means of exporting coal from the South Wales Valleys to the rest of the world helping to power the Industrial Age The coal mining industry helped fund the growth of Cardiff to become the capital city of Wales and contributed towards making the docks owner the 3rd Marquess of Bute the richest man in the world at the time In 1794 the Glamorganshire Canal was completed linking Cardiff with Merthyr and in 1798 a basin was built connecting the canal to the sea Increasing agitation for proper dock facilities led Cardiff s foremost landowner the 2nd Marquess of Bute to promote the construction of the West Bute Dock which opened in October 1839 Just two years later the Taff Vale Railway opened From the 1850s coal supplanted iron as the industrial foundation of South Wales as the Cynon Valley and Rhondda Valley were mined Growth of Tiger Bay edit nbsp Immigrant Statues Cardiff Bay A bronze of an immigrant couple symbolising the arrival of many to Tiger Bay seeking a better life in Britain As Cardiff s coal exports grew so did its population Well appointed residential areas were created in the 1840s and early 1850s centred around Mount Stuart Square and Loudoun Square between West Bute Street and the Glamorganshire Canal to house the growing numbers of merchants brokers builders and seafarers from across the world settling close to the docks 2 The area known as Tiger Bay from the fierce currents around the local tidal stretches of the River Severn became one of the UK s oldest multicultural communities with migrant communities from over 50 nationalities including Norwegian Somali Yemeni Spanish Italian Caribbean and Irish All the nationalities helped to create the multicultural character of the area where people from different backgrounds socialised together and intermarried 3 4 The East Bute dock opened in 1859 Coal exports from Cardiff Docks reached 2 million tons as early as 1862 by 1913 this had risen to 10 700 000 tons Frustration at the lack of development at Cardiff led to rival docks being opened at nearby Penarth in 1865 and Barry in 1889 These developments eventually spurred Cardiff into action with the opening of the Roath Dock in 1887 and the Queen Alexandra Dock in 1907 Coal exports from the South Wales Coalfield via Cardiff totalled nearly 9 million tons per annum much of it exported in the holds of locally owned tramp steamers The wealthier residents were able to move away to the new Cardiff suburbs Butetown particularly the area around Loudoun Square became crowded as families took in lodgers and split up the three storey houses to help pay the rents 2 Tiger Bay had a reputation as a tough and dangerous area but locals who lived and stayed in the area describe a far friendlier place 5 Merchant seamen arrived in Cardiff from all over the world only staying for as long as it took to discharge and reload their ships Consequently it has been said that the area became the red light district of Cardiff and many murders and lesser crimes went unsolved and unpunished as the perpetrators had sailed away In reality the primary brothels streets and the primary red light area were Charlotte Street and Whitmore Lane both of which were outside Tiger Bay They were demolished and the site is now the Marriott Hotel car park By 1932 in the depths of the Great Depression which followed the 1926 United Kingdom general strike coal exports had fallen to below 5 million tons and dozens of locally owned ships were laid up It was an era of depression from which Cardiff never really recovered and despite intense activity at the port during the Second World War coal exports continued to decline finally ceasing in 1964 Redevelopment edit Further information Cardiff Bay Coal exports were key to the local economy which began to decline in the 1960s when exports from the docks stopped Housing clearances in the 1960s relocated many of the residents of Butetown previously the residential core of the docklands into unpopular tower blocks 6 The economic decline in the 1960s and 1970s led to a 25 vacancy rate of buildings and 60 unemployment in Butetown The infrastructure and buildings in the area declined by the 1970s and 1980s the area required development and investment 7 The price of land in the area decreased as there was a decline in traditional industry This led to a rise in commercial developments which were largely celebrated as a regeneration although they displaced the local multicultural community as homes were demolished 6 Around 1999 the area was redeveloped by the Cardiff Bay Development Corporation This redevelopment was focused around the building of the Cardiff Bay Barrage one of the most controversial building projects of the day 8 which impounded the rivers Taff and the Ely to create a massive freshwater lake This resulted in the equally controversial renaming of the area as Cardiff Bay The opposition to the development was led on the grounds of removal of communities and ecological preservation of the mud flats and salt marshes which were home to wintering birds 9 Butetown councillor Saeed Ebrahim has commented on the present day repercussions of these developments on the local community The way developments were created was not very healthy put it that way The developers created us and them They never wanted to include their developments in the older people and the older Butetown communities The development of Cardiff Bay has never included the people of Butetown frankly and still to this day they are not included into the agenda of businesses And still there s a huge divide in the Bay and Butetown The funding available for the existing community was small and the Tiger Bay name was pushed out in favour of Cardiff Bay Community and cultural spaces editIndustrial and Maritime Museum edit Main article Welsh Industrial and Maritime Museum In the redevelopment of the area some long standing cultural institutions were closed or demolished to make space for new buildings In the 1970s the Industrial and Maritime Museum was built on Bute Street to commemorate the heritage and history of the area The museum along with other historical buildings on Bute Street were demolished in the 1990s to make space for the Mermaid Quay shopping and leisure development 7 Butetown History and Arts Centre edit Main article Butetown History and Arts Centre In 1988 coinciding with the creation of the Cardiff Bay Development Corporation the Butetown History and Arts Centre was created by the Butetown community to preserve the cultural political heritage of the area The centre was the site of historical oral recordings educational events and activities for children and adults and it also published books 10 The founder an American historian named Glenn Jordan was certain that the centre would remain an integral part of the regeneration project since the area was deemed to be an example of a harmonious multi racial community 11 However the corporation provided no funding to the centre and the space had to rely on external charitable funding to keep running 12 In late 2016 the long standing institution could not obtain funding and was shut down Its rich collection of the history of the Tiger Bay needed re housing and the last important link for communities that had been cleared out from the area to make space for the re generation was now closed 12 11 The BHAC collection has passed to The Heritage amp Cultural Exchange a local community based organisation 13 Popular culture editThe name Tiger Bay was applied in popular literature and slang especially that of sailors to any dock or seaside neighbourhood which shared a similar notoriety for danger 14 Film edit Tiger Bay 1934 is a British film starring Anna May Wong Tiger Bay 1959 is a British film starring John and Hayley Mills includes many scenes shot in the docks area and at Newport Transporter Bridge 15 Music edit On her album The Performance 2009 Shirley Bassey sings the semi autobiographical The Girl From Tiger Bay written by the Manic Street Preachers and David Arnold The album Tiger Bay 1994 by indie pop band Saint Etienne is named after the 1959 film of the same name which was filmed at the Cardiff docks Tiger Bay is a song by The Hennessys Tyger Bay is a song by NWOBHM band Tygers of Pan Tang Tiger Bay is mentioned as one of the locations in Ian Dury amp the Blockheads song Hit Me With Your Rhythm Stick Tiger Bay is mentioned in the Welsh alternative rock band Feeder s song Lost in the Wilderness from their 2024 double album Black Red Television edit The television drama Tiger Bay 1997 is based in the area 16 Theatre edit A musical about the history of Tiger Bay named Tiger Bay The Musical premiered at the Wales Millennium Centre in Cardiff Bay from 13 to 25 November 2017 citation needed A play by Diana Nneka Atuona Trouble in Butetown about a family that encounters an American GI in 1943 set in Tiger Bay premiered in the Donmar Warehouse in February 2023 17 Notable residents editSinger and performer Dame Shirley Bassey Singer and performer Patti Flynn Light heavyweight boxer Redvers Sangoe Rugby league players Billy Boston Colin Dixon and Roy Francis First BME woman councillor in Wales Gaynor Legall 18 19 Jazz Guitarist Vic Parker 20 21 Headteacher and community activist Betty CampbellSport editThe Tiger Bay Brawlers are a roller derby league founded in April 2010 Tiger Bay Youth run football teams for all age groups in the South of Cardiff 22 HMS Tiger Bay editMain article HMS Tiger Bay During the Falklands War in 1982 the Argentine Z 28 patrol boat ARA Islas Malvinas GC82 was captured by the Type 42 destroyer HMS Cardiff Brought into service with the Royal Navy the crew subsequently renamed her HMS Tiger Bay Stationed in Portsmouth Harbour for a period she was sold for scrap in 1986 See also editBlack Welsh people Butetown History and Art Centre Sailortown dockland References edit Cardiff s Tiger Bay BBC Retrieved 4 April 2021 a b Evans Catherine Dodsworth Steve Barnett Julie 1984 Below the Bridge A photo historical survey of Cardiff s docklands to 1983 Cardiff National Museum of Wales Cardiff pp 23 43 44 ISBN 0 7200 0288 5 New Tiger Bay material to showcase Cardiff docks history BBC News 13 December 2018 Retrieved 4 April 2021 BBC Wales History Themes Tiger Bay www bbc co uk Retrieved 4 April 2021 Wales History Themes Family history BBC Archived from the original on 13 April 2011 Retrieved 25 January 2014 a b Deacon Thomas 19 July 2020 The inconvenient truth about Cardiff Bay The history of Cardiff s waterfront and how Wales first BAME community was driven out to build it Wales Online Retrieved 4 April 2021 a b Jones Adrian 27 March 2011 Cardiff Bay Blues Jones the Planner Report on Cardiff Bay Newswales co uk Archived from the original on 4 September 2012 Retrieved 25 January 2014 Best Sian 5 January 2005 Dam Nuisance The Guardian Littler Jo Naidoo Roshi 2005 The Politics of Heritage The Legacies of race Routledge p 146 ISBN 0 415 32210 3 a b Benjamin Alison 14 March 2001 Mixed Metaphor The Guardian a b Mosalski Ruth Butetown History and Arts Centre to close its doors but needs help to keep archive Wales Online Home www tigerbay org uk Retrieved 19 March 2022 Districts Streets Bluegate Fields article by reader of www victorianlondon org Victorian London Retrieved 25 January 2014 Tiger Bay 1959 www imdb com 27 June 1959 Retrieved 26 December 2009 Tiger Bay 1997 www imdb com Retrieved 26 December 2009 Trouble in Butetown review humanity and heroism in wartime Cardiff The Guardian 21 February 2023 Retrieved 5 March 2023 Mohammed Aamir 16 June 2019 The notorious race riots in Cardiff that shamed Wales WalesOnline Retrieved 4 April 2021 Gaynor Legall www 100welshwomen wales Retrieved 4 April 2021 The Legendary Vic Parker Preservation Jazz Society Retrieved 13 September 2021 Roberts Andy 2 April 2009 Butetown celebrates jazz heritage BBC News Tiger Bay Youth Christmas Decorations amp Ornaments Sources edit Cardiff Coal and Shipping Metropolis By Dr David Jenkins National Museums amp Galleries of Wales Published 3 May 2005 The Tiger Bay Story by Neil M C Sinclair published by Dragon amp Tiger Enterprises ISBN 0 9530859 0 2External links editTamed and Shabby Tiger BBC programme page with 1968 archive footage of Tiger Bay The Heritage amp Cultural Exchange Archive Tiger Bay and the World 51 27 47 N 3 10 01 W 51 463 N 3 167 W 51 463 3 167 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Tiger Bay amp oldid 1217794673, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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