Tian Han (Chinese: 田汉; 12 March 1898 – 10 December 1968), formerly romanized as T'ien Han, was a Chinese drama activist, playwright, a leader of revolutionary music and films, as well as a translator and poet. He emerged at the time of the New Culture Movement of the early 20th century and continued to be active until the Cultural Revolution, when he was denounced and jailed for two years until his death, before being "posthumously rehabilitated" by the Chinese authorities in 1979. He is considered by drama historians as one of the three founders of Chinese spoken drama, together with Ouyang Yuqian and Hong Shen.[1] His most famous legacy may be the lyrics he wrote for "March of the Volunteers" in 1934, which were later adopted as the national anthem of the People's Republic of China.[2]
During the May Fourth Movement in 1919, Tian became famous for the vigorous anti-imperialist and anti-feudalist activities in the circle of artists and intellectuals he gathered.
Tian was educated at Tokyo Higher Normal School (present-day University of Tsukuba) in Japan. Returning from Japan in 1921, Tian established the Creation Society together with Guo Moruo and Yu Dafu, and other Chinese intellectuals. The Southern China Society, also headed by Tian, played a leading role in promoting dramatic performances in southern China. In 1927, Tian taught at the Department of Literature of Shanghai Art University. Later, he joined The League of Chinese Left-Wing Dramatists. In 1934, he collaborated with the activist Liu Liangmo on the patriotic anthem, March of the Volunteers.
Tian used various aliases and pen names including his courtesy name Tián Shòuchāng (田壽昌), Bóhóng (伯鴻), Chén Yú (陳瑜), Shùrén (漱人), and Hànxiān (漢仙).
Tian, then Chairman of the Union of Chinese Drama Workers and Vice-Chairman of the All China's Federation of Literary and Art Circles, was targeted by the Gang of Four and attacked during the Cultural Revolution in 1966 for his historical play Xie Yaohuan (1961), which was regarded as an attack on Chairman Mao's policies and the CCP leadership. Criticism of this play, along with two other historical plays (Hai Rui Dismissed from Office by Wu Han and Li Huiniang by Meng Chao), were the opening salvos of the Cultural Revolution.[3] Tian was denounced in a 1 February 1966 People's Daily article entitled "Xie Yaohuan is a Big Poisonous Weed" (田汉的《谢瑶环》是一棵大毒草 Tián Hàn de Xiè Yáohuán Shì yī kē Dà Dúcǎo).[4] The Jiefang Daily called Xie Yaohuan a "political manifesto". The play was condemned for, among other things, of "being a wholesale inheritance of China's theatrical legacy and promoting traditional plays", "disparaging revolutionary modern plays" and "promoting bourgeois class liberalism and obfuscating the direction for the workers, peasants and soldiers". Tian was subsequently persecuted by the Gang of Four and incarcerated as a "counterrevolutionary" in a prison which was run personally by Kang Sheng, and died there in 1968.[2][5] After the end of the Cultural Revolution, he and Xie Yaohuan were “rehabilitated posthumously” (considered to be rehabilitated after death) in 1979.[5]
Worksedit
Although a proponent of western style theater (話劇 huàjù) in China, Tian also produced a number of works with historical themes.[6]
Major playsedit
Kafeidian Yi Ye (A Night in the Coffee Shop) 1922
Wufan Zhiqian (Before Lunch) 1922
Huo Hu Zhi Ye (A Night of Capturing the Tiger) 1924
Tian Han was the prototype for the figure of "Kuang Wentao" (played by Bo Gao) in the 1959 biopicNie Er,[10] which retold the story of the composition of the Chinese National Anthem on the 10th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic. For the 50th anniversary in 1999, he was represented directly in the film The National Anthem, played by He Zhengjun. His story was also told in The National Anthem, a 27-episode television series, and in the play Torrent (狂流, Kuángliú), produced in Beijing in the year 2000.
^"Go to the People (1927): Tian Han and the Southern Film Society," . Archived from the original on 2015-02-17. Retrieved 2015-02-17. The Chinese Mirror (accessed February 16, 2015).
^Wang Zhuoyi. Revolutionary Cycles in Chinese Cinema, 1951–1979, pp. 140 f. St Martin's Press (New York), 2014.
References and further readingedit
Chen, Xiaomei (2014). The Columbia Anthology of Modern Chinese Drama. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN9780231165020. Includes translations of plays, background on Tian and modern drama.
Huang, Xuelei (2014). Shanghai Filmmaking: Crossing Borders, Connecting to the Globe, 1922-1938. Leiden: Brill. ISBN9789004279339., esp. pp. 91-92, 115-127.
Luo, Liang (2014). The Avant-Garde and the Popular in Modern China: Tian Han and the Intersection of Performance and Politics. ISBN9780472072170.
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For historical eras see Tianhan disambiguation In this Chinese name the family name is Tian Tian Han Chinese 田汉 12 March 1898 10 December 1968 formerly romanized as T ien Han was a Chinese drama activist playwright a leader of revolutionary music and films as well as a translator and poet He emerged at the time of the New Culture Movement of the early 20th century and continued to be active until the Cultural Revolution when he was denounced and jailed for two years until his death before being posthumously rehabilitated by the Chinese authorities in 1979 He is considered by drama historians as one of the three founders of Chinese spoken drama together with Ouyang Yuqian and Hong Shen 1 His most famous legacy may be the lyrics he wrote for March of the Volunteers in 1934 which were later adopted as the national anthem of the People s Republic of China 2 Tian HanTian in 1930Born 1898 03 12 12 March 1898Guoyuan Hunan Qing ChinaDied10 December 1968 1968 12 10 aged 70 Beijing ChinaPen nameTian Shouchang Bohong Chen Yu Shuren Hanxian etc OccupationPlaywright novelist poetLanguageChineseAlma materTokyo Higher Normal SchoolPeriod1920 1968GenreNovel poem dramaNotable worksMarch of the VolunteersSpouseYi Shuyu m 1920 1925 wbr Huang Dalin m 1927 1929 wbr Lin Weizhong m 1930 1946 wbr An E m 1930 1968 wbr ChildrenTian DaweiTian HanTraditional Chinese田漢Simplified Chinese田汉TranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu PinyinTian HanGwoyeu RomatzyhTyan HannWade GilesT ien2 Han4Courtesy nameTraditional Chinese壽昌Simplified Chinese寿昌TranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu PinyinShouchangGwoyeu RomatzyhShowchangWade GilesShou4 ch ang1 Contents 1 Biography 2 Works 2 1 Major plays 2 2 Librettos 2 3 Film scripts 2 4 Song lyrics 2 5 Translations 3 In popular culture 4 References 5 References and further reading 6 External linksBiography edit nbsp Tian Han right and Nie Er left respectively the lyricist and the composer of March of the Volunteers photographed in Shanghai in 1933During the May Fourth Movement in 1919 Tian became famous for the vigorous anti imperialist and anti feudalist activities in the circle of artists and intellectuals he gathered Tian was educated at Tokyo Higher Normal School present day University of Tsukuba in Japan Returning from Japan in 1921 Tian established the Creation Society together with Guo Moruo and Yu Dafu and other Chinese intellectuals The Southern China Society also headed by Tian played a leading role in promoting dramatic performances in southern China In 1927 Tian taught at the Department of Literature of Shanghai Art University Later he joined The League of Chinese Left Wing Dramatists In 1934 he collaborated with the activist Liu Liangmo on the patriotic anthem March of the Volunteers Tian used various aliases and pen names including his courtesy name Tian Shouchang 田壽昌 Bohong 伯鴻 Chen Yu 陳瑜 Shuren 漱人 and Hanxian 漢仙 Tian then Chairman of the Union of Chinese Drama Workers and Vice Chairman of the All China s Federation of Literary and Art Circles was targeted by the Gang of Four and attacked during the Cultural Revolution in 1966 for his historical play Xie Yaohuan 1961 which was regarded as an attack on Chairman Mao s policies and the CCP leadership Criticism of this play along with two other historical plays Hai Rui Dismissed from Office by Wu Han and Li Huiniang by Meng Chao were the opening salvos of the Cultural Revolution 3 Tian was denounced in a 1 February 1966 People s Daily article entitled Xie Yaohuan is a Big Poisonous Weed 田汉的 谢瑶环 是一棵大毒草 Tian Han de Xie Yaohuan Shi yi ke Da Ducǎo 4 The Jiefang Daily called Xie Yaohuan a political manifesto The play was condemned for among other things of being a wholesale inheritance of China s theatrical legacy and promoting traditional plays disparaging revolutionary modern plays and promoting bourgeois class liberalism and obfuscating the direction for the workers peasants and soldiers Tian was subsequently persecuted by the Gang of Four and incarcerated as a counterrevolutionary in a prison which was run personally by Kang Sheng and died there in 1968 2 5 After the end of the Cultural Revolution he and Xie Yaohuan were rehabilitated posthumously considered to be rehabilitated after death in 1979 5 Works editAlthough a proponent of western style theater 話劇 huaju in China Tian also produced a number of works with historical themes 6 Major plays edit Kafeidian Yi Ye A Night in the Coffee Shop 1922 Wufan Zhiqian Before Lunch 1922 Huo Hu Zhi Ye A Night of Capturing the Tiger 1924 Suzhou Ye Hua Night Talk of Suzhou 1928 Hu Shang de Beiju A Tragedy of the Lake 1928 Ming You Zhi Si Death of a Noted Actor 1929 Nan Gui 1929 Mei Yu Plum Rains 1932 Yueguang Qu Moonlight Melody 1932 Luan Zhong 1932 Yangzi Jiang de Bao Feng Yu Storm on the Yangtze 1935 Hui Chun Zhi Qu Spring Melody 1935 Hong Shui Flood 1935 Lugou Qiao Lugou Bridge 1937 Han Jiang Yu Ge Fisherman s Song of the Han River 1939 Qiu Sheng Fu 1942 Liren Xing Women Side by Side Guan Hanqing 1958 7 Xie Yaohuan 謝瑤環 1961 3 Librettos edit Baishe Zhuan The White Snake 1958 Film scripts edit Go to the People 到民间去 Dao minjian qu 1927 unfinished 8 Three Modern Women 1932 Sons and Daughters in a Time of Storm 1935 Women Side by Side 1949 A Test of Love 1958 Song lyrics edit March of the Volunteers 1935 The Wandering Songstress 1937 Translations edit Salome Oscar Wilde 1921 9 In popular culture editTian Han was the prototype for the figure of Kuang Wentao played by Bo Gao in the 1959 biopic Nie Er 10 which retold the story of the composition of the Chinese National Anthem on the 10th anniversary of the founding of the People s Republic For the 50th anniversary in 1999 he was represented directly in the film The National Anthem played by He Zhengjun His story was also told in The National Anthem a 27 episode television series and in the play Torrent 狂流 Kuangliu produced in Beijing in the year 2000 In the 2009 film The Founding of a Republic he was portrayed by Donnie Yen References edit Chen 2014 p 5 a b Tian Han Retrieved 16 February 2015 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a work ignored help a b Wagner 1990 p 80 T ien Han and his Play Hsieh Yao huan Current Background Hong Kong American Consulate General 784 1 30 March 1966 a b Wagner 1990 p 137 Wagner 1990 pp 82 83 Wagner 1990 p 82 Go to the People 1927 Tian Han and the Southern Film Society Go to the People 1927 Tian Han and the Southern Film Society the Chinese Mirror Archived from the original on 2015 02 17 Retrieved 2015 02 17 The Chinese Mirror accessed February 16 2015 Wagner 1990 p 87 Wang Zhuoyi Revolutionary Cycles in Chinese Cinema 1951 1979 pp 140 f St Martin s Press New York 2014 References and further reading editChen Xiaomei 2014 The Columbia Anthology of Modern Chinese Drama New York Columbia University Press ISBN 9780231165020 Includes translations of plays background on Tian and modern drama Huang Xuelei 2014 Shanghai Filmmaking Crossing Borders Connecting to the Globe 1922 1938 Leiden Brill ISBN 9789004279339 esp pp 91 92 115 127 Luo Liang 2014 The Avant Garde and the Popular in Modern China Tian Han and the Intersection of Performance and Politics ISBN 9780472072170 Wagner Rudolf G 1990 The Contemporary Chinese Historical Drama Four Studies University of California Press p 137 ISBN 978 0 520 05954 2 nbsp China portal nbsp biography portalExternal links edit nbsp Media related to Tian Han at Wikimedia Commons Liang Luo From Lovers to Volunteers Tian Han and the National Anthem China Beat July 16 2008 Cultural officesPrevious New office Chairman of China Theatre AssociationJuly 1949 December 1968 Next Cao Yu Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Tian Han amp oldid 1182456254, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
