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Thylacoleonidae

January 01, 1970

Thylacoleonidae is a family of extinct carnivorous diprotodontian marsupials from Australia, referred to as marsupial lions.[2] The best known is Thylacoleo carnifex, also called the marsupial lion.[3] The clade ranged from the Late Oligocene to the Late Pleistocene, with some species the size of a possum, while members of Thylacoleo reached sizes comparable to living big cats.

Thylacoleonidae
Temporal range: Late Oligocene–Late Pleistocene
Thylacoleo
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Infraclass: Marsupialia
Order: Diprotodontia
Suborder: Vombatiformes
Family: †Thylacoleonidae
Gill, 1872[1]
Genera

Description edit

 
Illustration of lower dentition of Thylacoleo reconstructed by Owen, 1877

A notable distinctive feature of thylacoleonids is their unusual blade-like third premolars,[4] which functioned as the carnassial teeth.[5] Thylacoleonids varied widely in body size. One of the smallest thylacoleonids, the Early Miocene Microleo attenboroughi, is estimated to have had a body mass of 590 grams (1.30 lb), while the last species of the family, the Pleistocene Thylacoleo carnifex is suggested to have had a body mass of around 160 kilograms (350 lb), comparable to a big cat.[6] Later members of the group saw progressive reduction in the number of teeth in the jaws.[7]

Ecology edit

Early members of Thylacinidae like Microleo, Lekaneleo and early species of Wakaleo were likely arboreal tree climbing mammals, though later members of Wakaleo and Thylacoleo were likely primarily terrestrial with some climbing capabilities.[8][9] Earlier species of Thylacoleonidae like Lekaneleo roskellyae are suggested to have been omnivorous, while at least later species of Wakaleo and Thylacoleo are thought to have been hypercarnivores.[10]

Taxonomy edit

Thylacoleontidae is considered a member of Diprotodontia, though its precise position within that group is uncertain. They have often been considered a basal group (often the most basal group) within Vombatiformes, making their closest living relatives wombats and koalas,[11] though other authors have placed them at the base of Diprotodontia, outside of either Vombatiformes, Phalangeriformes or Macropodiformes.[12] Thylacoleonids are thought to have evolved from herbivorous ancestors.[5]

The family was described by Theodore Gill in a systematic revision of mammalian taxa published by the Smithsonian Institution in 1872.[1] The name is derived from the genus named by Richard Owen, Thylacoleo, which he recognised as a potent carnivore and described as marsupial version of the modern lions (Leo).

A revision of the family was published in 2017, enabled by the discovery of a skull of an early species, named as Wakaleo schouteni, which allowed closer comparison with previously described species and the more complete fossil record of the lineages. The study by Anna Gillespie, Mike Archer and Suzanne Hand, revised the description of Wakaleo to include a new species and circumscribe taxa previously assigned to Priscileo.[7]

Classification edit

Five genera are currently accepted as belonging to this family:[13]

Cladogram after Gillespie (2023):[10]

References edit

  1. ^ a b Gill, Theodore (1872). "Arrangement of the families of mammals. With analytical tables. Prepared for the Smithsonian institution". Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections. 11. Smithsonian Institution: 1–98.
  2. ^ Werdelin, L (1988). "Circumventing a Constraint - the Case of Thylacoleo (Marsupialia, Thylacoleonidae)". Australian Journal of Zoology. 36 (5): 565. doi:10.1071/ZO9880565.
  3. ^ Wroe, Stephen. . Australian Museum. Archived from the original on 2003-03-10. Retrieved 2008-06-03.
  4. ^ Gillespie, Anna K.; Archer, Michael; Hand, Suzanne J. (2016). "A tiny new marsupial lion (Marsupialia, Thylacoleonidae) from the early Miocene of Australia" (PDF). Palaeontologia Electronica. 19 (2.26A). Palaeontological Association: 1–26. doi:10.26879/632. Retrieved 29 August 2016.
  5. ^ a b Werdelin, L (1988). "Circumventing a Constraint - the Case of Thylacoleo (Marsupialia, Thylacoleonidae)". Australian Journal of Zoology. 36 (5): 565. doi:10.1071/ZO9880565. ISSN 0004-959X.
  6. ^ Gillespie, Anna K.; Archer, Michael; Hand, Suzanne J. (2019-09-03). "Lekaneleo , a new genus of marsupial lion (Marsupialia, Thylacoleonidae) from the Oligocene–Miocene of Australia, and the craniodental morphology of L. roskellyae , comb. nov". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 39 (5): e1703722. doi:10.1080/02724634.2019.1703722. ISSN 0272-4634.
  7. ^ a b Gillespie, A.K.; Archer, M.; Hand, S.J. (6 December 2017). "A new Oligo–Miocene marsupial lion from Australia and revision of the family Thylacoleonidae". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 17 (1): 59–89. doi:10.1080/14772019.2017.1391885. S2CID 90758394.
  8. ^ Figueirido, Borja; Martín-Serra, Alberto; Janis, Christine M. (August 2016). "Ecomorphological determinations in the absence of living analogues: the predatory behavior of the marsupial lion ( Thylacoleo carnifex ) as revealed by elbow joint morphology". Paleobiology. 42 (3): 508–531. Bibcode:2016Pbio...42..508F. doi:10.1017/pab.2015.55. hdl:1983/1f3ac566-0b08-48fb-b27c-63fe4256c138. ISSN 0094-8373. S2CID 87168573.
  9. ^ Warburton, Natalie M.; Yates, Adam. M. (2020-12-10). "Functional morphology of Wakaleo postcrania from the middle to late Miocene of central Australia reveals new insights in the evolution of marsupial hypercarnivores". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 40 (6): e1878203. doi:10.1080/02724634.2021.1878203. ISSN 0272-4634.
  10. ^ a b c d Gillespie, A. K. (2023). "Two new marsupial lion taxa (Marsupialia, Thylacoleonidae) from the early and Middle Miocene of Australia". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology: 1–16. doi:10.1080/03115518.2022.2152096. S2CID 256157821.
  11. ^ Beck, Robin M. D. (2023), Cáceres, Nilton C.; Dickman, Christopher R. (eds.), "Diversity and Phylogeny of Marsupials and Their Stem Relatives (Metatheria)", American and Australasian Marsupials, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 1–66, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-88800-8_35-1, ISBN 978-3-030-88800-8, retrieved 2023-09-06
  12. ^ Beck, Robin M.D.; Voss, Robert S.; Jansa, Sharon A. (2022-06-28). "Craniodental Morphology and Phylogeny of Marsupials". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 457 (1). doi:10.1206/0003-0090.457.1.1. ISSN 0003-0090.
  13. ^ Haaramo, Mikko. "Diprotodontia - diprotodonts". Mikko's Phylogeny Archive. Retrieved 2007-12-29.[needs update?]
  14. ^ Gough, Myles (25 August 2016). "Kitten-sized extinct 'lion' named after David Attenborough". BBC News. Retrieved 29 August 2016.

January 01, 1970
thylacoleonidae, family, extinct, carnivorous, diprotodontian, marsupials, from, australia, referred, marsupial, lions, best, known, thylacoleo, carnifex, also, called, marsupial, lion, clade, ranged, from, late, oligocene, late, pleistocene, with, some, speci. Thylacoleonidae is a family of extinct carnivorous diprotodontian marsupials from Australia referred to as marsupial lions 2 The best known is Thylacoleo carnifex also called the marsupial lion 3 The clade ranged from the Late Oligocene to the Late Pleistocene with some species the size of a possum while members of Thylacoleo reached sizes comparable to living big cats ThylacoleonidaeTemporal range Late Oligocene Late Pleistocene PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Thylacoleo Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Mammalia Infraclass Marsupialia Order Diprotodontia Suborder Vombatiformes Family ThylacoleonidaeGill 1872 1 Genera Enigmaleo Lekaneleo Microleo Thylacoleo Wakaleo Contents 1 Description 2 Ecology 3 Taxonomy 3 1 Classification 4 ReferencesDescription edit nbsp Illustration of lower dentition of Thylacoleo reconstructed by Owen 1877A notable distinctive feature of thylacoleonids is their unusual blade like third premolars 4 which functioned as the carnassial teeth 5 Thylacoleonids varied widely in body size One of the smallest thylacoleonids the Early Miocene Microleo attenboroughi is estimated to have had a body mass of 590 grams 1 30 lb while the last species of the family the Pleistocene Thylacoleo carnifex is suggested to have had a body mass of around 160 kilograms 350 lb comparable to a big cat 6 Later members of the group saw progressive reduction in the number of teeth in the jaws 7 Ecology editEarly members of Thylacinidae like Microleo Lekaneleo and early species of Wakaleo were likely arboreal tree climbing mammals though later members of Wakaleo and Thylacoleo were likely primarily terrestrial with some climbing capabilities 8 9 Earlier species of Thylacoleonidae like Lekaneleo roskellyae are suggested to have been omnivorous while at least later species of Wakaleo and Thylacoleo are thought to have been hypercarnivores 10 Taxonomy editThylacoleontidae is considered a member of Diprotodontia though its precise position within that group is uncertain They have often been considered a basal group often the most basal group within Vombatiformes making their closest living relatives wombats and koalas 11 though other authors have placed them at the base of Diprotodontia outside of either Vombatiformes Phalangeriformes or Macropodiformes 12 Thylacoleonids are thought to have evolved from herbivorous ancestors 5 The family was described by Theodore Gill in a systematic revision of mammalian taxa published by the Smithsonian Institution in 1872 1 The name is derived from the genus named by Richard Owen Thylacoleo which he recognised as a potent carnivore and described as marsupial version of the modern lions Leo A revision of the family was published in 2017 enabled by the discovery of a skull of an early species named as Wakaleo schouteni which allowed closer comparison with previously described species and the more complete fossil record of the lineages The study by Anna Gillespie Mike Archer and Suzanne Hand revised the description of Wakaleo to include a new species and circumscribe taxa previously assigned to Priscileo 7 Classification edit Five genera are currently accepted as belonging to this family 13 Genus Enigmaleo Enigmaleo archeri Early Miocene 10 Genus Lekaneleo Lekaneleo myersi Middle Miocene 10 Lekaneleo roskellyae Early Miocene Genus Microleo Microleo attenboroughi Early Miocene 14 Subfamily Thylacoleoninae Genus Thylacoleo Thylacoleo crassidentatus Pliocene Thylacoleo hilli Pliocene Thylacoleo carnifex Pleistocene Subfamily Wakaleoninae Genus Wakaleo Wakaleo pitikantensis Late Oligocene Wakaleo schouteni Late Oligocene Early Miocene Wakaleo oldfieldi Early Miocene Late Miocene Wakaleo vanderleuri Middle Miocene Late Miocene Wakaleo alcootaensis Late Miocene Cladogram after Gillespie 2023 10 Thylacoleonidae Microleo attenboroughi Enigmaleo archeri Lekaneleo roskellyae Lekaneleo myersi Wakaleo pitikantensis Wakaleo schouteni Wakaleo oldfieldi Wakaleo vanderfeueri Wakaleo alcootaensis Thylacoleo Thylacoleo hilli Thylacoleo crassidentatus Thylacoleo carnifexReferences edit a b Gill Theodore 1872 Arrangement of the families of mammals With analytical tables Prepared for the Smithsonian institution Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 11 Smithsonian Institution 1 98 Werdelin L 1988 Circumventing a Constraint the Case of Thylacoleo Marsupialia Thylacoleonidae Australian Journal of Zoology 36 5 565 doi 10 1071 ZO9880565 Wroe Stephen Move Over Sabre Tooth Tiger Australian Museum Archived from the original on 2003 03 10 Retrieved 2008 06 03 Gillespie Anna K Archer Michael Hand Suzanne J 2016 A tiny new marsupial lion Marsupialia Thylacoleonidae from the early Miocene of Australia PDF Palaeontologia Electronica 19 2 26A Palaeontological Association 1 26 doi 10 26879 632 Retrieved 29 August 2016 a b Werdelin L 1988 Circumventing a Constraint the Case of Thylacoleo Marsupialia Thylacoleonidae Australian Journal of Zoology 36 5 565 doi 10 1071 ZO9880565 ISSN 0004 959X Gillespie Anna K Archer Michael Hand Suzanne J 2019 09 03 Lekaneleo a new genus of marsupial lion Marsupialia Thylacoleonidae from the Oligocene Miocene of Australia and the craniodental morphology of L roskellyae comb nov Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 39 5 e1703722 doi 10 1080 02724634 2019 1703722 ISSN 0272 4634 a b Gillespie A K Archer M Hand S J 6 December 2017 A new Oligo Miocene marsupial lion from Australia and revision of the family Thylacoleonidae Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 17 1 59 89 doi 10 1080 14772019 2017 1391885 S2CID 90758394 Figueirido Borja Martin Serra Alberto Janis Christine M August 2016 Ecomorphological determinations in the absence of living analogues the predatory behavior of the marsupial lion Thylacoleo carnifex as revealed by elbow joint morphology Paleobiology 42 3 508 531 Bibcode 2016Pbio 42 508F doi 10 1017 pab 2015 55 hdl 1983 1f3ac566 0b08 48fb b27c 63fe4256c138 ISSN 0094 8373 S2CID 87168573 Warburton Natalie M Yates Adam M 2020 12 10 Functional morphology of Wakaleo postcrania from the middle to late Miocene of central Australia reveals new insights in the evolution of marsupial hypercarnivores Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 40 6 e1878203 doi 10 1080 02724634 2021 1878203 ISSN 0272 4634 a b c d Gillespie A K 2023 Two new marsupial lion taxa Marsupialia Thylacoleonidae from the early and Middle Miocene of Australia Alcheringa An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 1 16 doi 10 1080 03115518 2022 2152096 S2CID 256157821 Beck Robin M D 2023 Caceres Nilton C Dickman Christopher R eds Diversity and Phylogeny of Marsupials and Their Stem Relatives Metatheria American and Australasian Marsupials Cham Springer International Publishing pp 1 66 doi 10 1007 978 3 030 88800 8 35 1 ISBN 978 3 030 88800 8 retrieved 2023 09 06 Beck Robin M D Voss Robert S Jansa Sharon A 2022 06 28 Craniodental Morphology and Phylogeny of Marsupials Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 457 1 doi 10 1206 0003 0090 457 1 1 ISSN 0003 0090 Haaramo Mikko Diprotodontia diprotodonts Mikko s Phylogeny Archive Retrieved 2007 12 29 needs update Gough Myles 25 August 2016 Kitten sized extinct lion named after David Attenborough BBC News Retrieved 29 August 2016 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Thylacoleonidae amp oldid 1191695543, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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