Thudhamma Nikaya (Burmese: သုဓမ္မာနိကာယ, IPA: [θudəma̰ nḭkàja̰]; also spelt Sudhammā Nikāya) is the largest monastic order of monks in Burma.[1]
Thudhamma Nikaya
သုဓမ္မာနိကာယ
Abbreviation
Thudhamma
Formation
1800s
Type
Buddhist monastic order
Headquarters
Myanmar
Members
467,025 (2016)
Thudhamma Nikaya derives its name ultimately from the Thudhamma Zayat, which was the meeting place for the Thudhamma Council.
It is one of 9 legally sanctioned monastic orders (nikāya) in the country, under the 1990 Law Concerning Sangha Organizations.[2] Thudhamma is considered a more pragmatic order than the Shwegyin Nikaya, with looser rules regarding Vinaya regulations and is less hierarchical than the former.[3] Like all the major orders in Burma, Thudhamma Nikaya prohibits monks from engaging in political activity.[4]
According to 2016 statistics published by the State Sangha Maha Nayaka Committee, 467,025 monks belonged to this monastic order, representing 87% of all monks in the country.[5] With respect to geographic representation, the plurality of Thudhamma monks live in Mandalay Region (19.76%), followed by Shan State (16.09%), Yangon Region (15.39%), and Sagaing Region (9.88%).[5]
Origins
Thudhamma Nikaya was founded in the late 18th century by King Bodawpaya, after a series of Sangha reforms by prior Konbaung kings to purify and unite the Sangha. The name 'Thudhamma' comes from the Thudhamma Council (an ecclesiastical organization founded by Bodawpaya), which in turn is named after Mandalay's Thudhamma Zayats, the meeting grounds for the Council.[6]
The office of the Supreme Patriarch (သာသနာပိုင် or Thathanabaing), similar to the position of Sangharaja in Thailand and Cambodia, dates back to the 13th century, started by the monk Shin Arahan in the Pagan Kingdom.[7] The Thathanabaing was responsible for managing the monastic hierarchy and education at monasteries. In 1784, King Bodawpaya assembled the Thudhamma Council, led by the Thathanapaing and four elders (ထေရ် or thera) to resolve a longstanding issue on the proper wearing of monk's robes (whether one or both shoulders should be exposed).[7] Toward the end of the Konbaung dynasty, the council, which oversaw religious affairs in the kingdom, including the appointment of monastery abbots, Vinaya regulations, discipline of individual monks, and administration of Pali examination, was expanded to include 8 elders.[7]
References
^"Thuddama Nikaya". Department of Religion and Ethics, University of Cumbria. Retrieved 2020-05-19.
^Gutter, Peter (2001). "Law and Religion in Burma" (PDF). Legal Issues on Burma Journal. Burma Legal Council (8): 10.
^Matthews, Bruce (1993). "Buddhism under a Military Regime: The Iron Heel in Burma". Asian Survey. University of California Press. 33 (4): 411. doi:10.2307/2645106. JSTOR 2645106.
^Aung-Thwin, Michael (2009). "Of Monarchs, Monks, and Men: Religion and the State in Myanmar" (PDF). Working Paper Series No. 127. Asia Research Institute (18).
^ abc"The Account of Wazo Samgha of All Sect, M.E 1377 (2016)". The State Samgha Maha Nayaka Committee. Retrieved 2020-05-19.
^Carbine, Jason A (2011). Sons of the Buddha: Continuities and Ruptures in a Burmese Monastic Tradition. Vol. 50. Walter de Gruyter. ISBN978-3-11-025409-9.
^ abcJames, Helen (2005). Governance and civil society in Myanmar: education, health, and environment. Psychology Press. p. 81. ISBN978-0-415-35558-2.
thudhamma, nikaya, burmese, ဓမ, θudəma, nḭkàja, also, spelt, sudhammā, nikāya, largest, monastic, order, monks, burma, ဓမ, ယabbreviationthudhammaformation1800stypebuddhist, monastic, orderheadquartersmyanmarmembers467, 2016, derives, name, ultimately, from, th. Thudhamma Nikaya Burmese သ ဓမ မ န က ယ IPA 8udema nḭkaja also spelt Sudhamma Nikaya is the largest monastic order of monks in Burma 1 Thudhamma Nikayaသ ဓမ မ န က ယAbbreviationThudhammaFormation1800sTypeBuddhist monastic orderHeadquartersMyanmarMembers467 025 2016 Thudhamma Nikaya derives its name ultimately from the Thudhamma Zayat which was the meeting place for the Thudhamma Council It is one of 9 legally sanctioned monastic orders nikaya in the country under the 1990 Law Concerning Sangha Organizations 2 Thudhamma is considered a more pragmatic order than the Shwegyin Nikaya with looser rules regarding Vinaya regulations and is less hierarchical than the former 3 Like all the major orders in Burma Thudhamma Nikaya prohibits monks from engaging in political activity 4 Contents 1 Statistics 2 Origins 3 References 4 See alsoStatistics EditOrdained Buddhist monks by monastic order in Myanmar 2016 5 Thudhamma Nikaya 87 24 Shwegyin Nikaya 9 47 Mahadvara Nikaya 1 15 Muladvara Nikaya 0 72 Veḷuvan Nikaya 0 70 Other 0 72 According to 2016 statistics published by the State Sangha Maha Nayaka Committee 467 025 monks belonged to this monastic order representing 87 of all monks in the country 5 With respect to geographic representation the plurality of Thudhamma monks live in Mandalay Region 19 76 followed by Shan State 16 09 Yangon Region 15 39 and Sagaing Region 9 88 5 Origins EditThudhamma Nikaya was founded in the late 18th century by King Bodawpaya after a series of Sangha reforms by prior Konbaung kings to purify and unite the Sangha The name Thudhamma comes from the Thudhamma Council an ecclesiastical organization founded by Bodawpaya which in turn is named after Mandalay s Thudhamma Zayats the meeting grounds for the Council 6 The office of the Supreme Patriarch သ သန ပ င or Thathanabaing similar to the position of Sangharaja in Thailand and Cambodia dates back to the 13th century started by the monk Shin Arahan in the Pagan Kingdom 7 The Thathanabaing was responsible for managing the monastic hierarchy and education at monasteries In 1784 King Bodawpaya assembled the Thudhamma Council led by the Thathanapaing and four elders ထ ရ or thera to resolve a longstanding issue on the proper wearing of monk s robes whether one or both shoulders should be exposed 7 Toward the end of the Konbaung dynasty the council which oversaw religious affairs in the kingdom including the appointment of monastery abbots Vinaya regulations discipline of individual monks and administration of Pali examination was expanded to include 8 elders 7 References Edit Thuddama Nikaya Department of Religion and Ethics University of Cumbria Retrieved 2020 05 19 Gutter Peter 2001 Law and Religion in Burma PDF Legal Issues on Burma Journal Burma Legal Council 8 10 Matthews Bruce 1993 Buddhism under a Military Regime The Iron Heel in Burma Asian Survey University of California Press 33 4 411 doi 10 2307 2645106 JSTOR 2645106 Aung Thwin Michael 2009 Of Monarchs Monks and Men Religion and the State in Myanmar PDF Working Paper Series No 127 Asia Research Institute 18 a b c The Account of Wazo Samgha of All Sect M E 1377 2016 The State Samgha Maha Nayaka Committee Retrieved 2020 05 19 Carbine Jason A 2011 Sons of the Buddha Continuities and Ruptures in a Burmese Monastic Tradition Vol 50 Walter de Gruyter ISBN 978 3 11 025409 9 a b c James Helen 2005 Governance and civil society in Myanmar education health and environment Psychology Press p 81 ISBN 978 0 415 35558 2 See also EditShwegyin Nikaya Hngettwin Nikaya Dwara Nikaya Nikaya Buddhism in Burma Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Thudhamma Nikaya amp oldid 1101043444, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
