Paul Eugène Magloire ne Paul Vincent Magloire, 30th president of Haiti and 33rd head of state (ephemeral military governments were excluded from the count), was born on July 19, 1907, in Quartier-Morin, commune of Cap-Haitien, in the North Departement. Paul was the son of a high-ranking General Eugene Francois Magloire, and Marie-Philomene Mathieu. He attended Lycee Philippe Guerrier. On April 18, 1936, he wed Yolette Leconte, a direct descendant of Jean-Jacques Dessalines; the marriage lasted till her death in 1981.
Military career
On September 1, 1930, Paul joined the army. In 1935, he found himself in Cap-Haitien as sub-commander of this military district, a position he maintained until 1938 when he was promoted to the rank of captain and to the post of commander of the same district. In 1941, he was transferred to Port-au-Prince as commander of the National Penitentiary (also called Grand Prison) The following year he graduated from the Port-au-Prince Law School. He became Police Chief of Port-au-Prince in 1944. In January 1946, the population rose up against President Elie Lescot who found himself in great difficulty in Port-au-Prince. Lescot would later be accused by parliamentary committees of having used public funds to participate in World War II alongside the United States of America without taking into account the daily realities of the Haitian masses or the interests of Haiti. Magloire therefore proposes to President Élie Lescot to hand over power to a military junta of 3 members including Magloire himself who will occupy the post of Minister of the Interior and National Defense, from January 12 to August 16, 1946, Colonel Franck Lavaud and Antoine Levelt.
In August 1946, Dumarsais Estimé was elected President of Haiti against Dantès Louis Bellegarde. Magloire then found himself in the opposition and created MOP (Mouvement Ouvrier Paysan). In 1947, during a parliamentary session in Port-au-Prince, two ministers of the government of Dumarsais Estimé informed the parliamentary commission of inquiry that Haiti's participation in the Second World War cost 20 million US dollars to the government. Haitian State and generates only 1.5 million US dollars following the liquidation of German property sequestered in the country. Magloire ousted him with the help of a local elite and took power. In 1950, he was proclaimed Colonel in the Haitian Army.
Presidency
In May 1950, Colonel Franck Lavaud returned to power provisionally with the mission of organizing presidential elections to hand power over to a civilian, and Magloire joined him. In December of the same year, Magloire ran for the presidency. The election was the first in the nation's history where all adult males had the right to vote. Magloire won against a fragile coalition of socialists, communists, and conservatives.
During Magloire's rule, Haiti became a tourist spot for American and European tourists. His anti-communist position also gained favorable reception from the US government. In addition, he emphasized public works; revenues from the sale of coffee were used to repair towns, construct roads, public buildings, and a dam. He also oversaw the institution of women's suffrage.
Magloire was very fond of a vivid social life, staging numerous parties, social events, and ceremonies. Shortly after he came to power in December 1950, he amended the constitution to set up, by referendum, a republican presidential regime and broke with parliamentarism. His consistently anti-Communist policy was appreciated and supported by the United States. During his reign the streets of Cap-Haitien were asphalted, and the monuments of Vertières as well as the gatehouses of Barrière-Bouteille were built at the southern entrance to the capital. The result of such measures was that Haiti became one of the most popular tourist destinations in the Caribbean.
From 1954, Magloire's popularity fell. In that year Hurricane Hazel ravaged the country, and funds intend to provide relief for the populace were often stolen before they could reach those in need.
Magloire could not be a candidate for re-election, because the new Haitian political system did not permit more than a single term for a president. Accordingly, on December 12, 1956, Magloire's reign came to an end.
Exile and death
Having resigned, Magloire fled the country amid strikes and demonstrations. Political instability continued in Haiti for most of the next eight months, with no one individual (military or civilian) able to dominate. The instability finished only when François Duvalier, whom most outsiders mistook for an unworldly intellectual, achieved power. On October 15, 1957, about a month after Duvalier became president, Magloire was officially condemned to exile and stripped of his Haitian citizenship. Thereafter the new regime confiscated all the properties owned by Magloire and his brothers, Arsène and Fernand; Magloire himself settled in New York City.
In 1986, when Duvalier's son and successor Jean-Claude lost office, Magloire left New York and returned to Haiti. Two years later he became an unofficial army advisor, although his hopes of regaining the presidency were never fulfilled. On July 19, 1997, he obtained the rare distinction of being made "Marshal of Haiti". He died, aged 93, on July 12, 2001. The Haitian government accorded him a state funeral.[2][3][4]
References
^"Haiti: Au Revoir, Magloire". Time. December 24, 1956. Retrieved October 12, 2015.
^"Paul Magloire, Former Haitian Ruler, 94". New York Times. July 16, 2001. Retrieved October 12, 2015.
^Chamberlain, Greg (July 19, 2001). "Paul Magloire". The Guardian. Retrieved October 12, 2015.
^"Yolette Leconte Magloire, 62, Wife of Ex-President of Haiti". New York Times. June 22, 1981. Retrieved October 12, 2015.
Further reading
Nicholls, David (1979). From Dessalines to Duvalier: Race, Colour, and National Independence in Haiti. ISBN978-0-8135-2240-1.
Trouillot, Michel-Rolph (1989). Haiti: State Against Nation. Monthly Review Press. ISBN978-0-85345-755-8.
paul, magloire, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, june, 2008,. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Paul Magloire news newspapers books scholar JSTOR June 2008 Learn how and when to remove this template message Paul Eugene Magloire July 19 1907 July 12 2001 nicknamed Kanson Fe 1 was the Haitian president from 1950 to 1956 Paul Magloire32nd President of HaitiIn office December 6 1950 December 12 1956Preceded byFranck LavaudSucceeded byJoseph Nemours Pierre LouisMinister of Interior and DefenceIn office May 12 1950 August 3 1950PresidentFranck LavaudPreceded byLouis RaymondSucceeded byLuc E FoucheMember of the Government Junta of HaitiIn office May 10 1950 December 6 1950PresidentFranck LavaudMinister of Interior and DefenceIn office January 12 1946 August 16 1946PresidentFranck LavaudPreceded byVely ThebaudSucceeded byGeorges HonoratMember of the Executive Military CommitteeIn office January 11 1946 August 16 1946PresidentFranck LavaudPersonal detailsBornPaul Eugene Magloire 1907 07 19 July 19 1907Quartier Morin HaitiDiedJuly 12 2001 2001 07 12 aged 93 Port au Prince HaitiOther politicalaffiliationsMOP Mouvement Ouvrier Paysan SpouseYolette LeconteRelationsEugene Francois Magloire Philomene MathieuOccupationMilitary Division general Military serviceAllegiance HaitiBranch serviceHaitian ArmyYears of service1930 1950RankGeneral Contents 1 Early life 2 Military career 3 Presidency 4 Exile and death 5 References 6 Further readingEarly life EditPaul Eugene Magloire ne Paul Vincent Magloire 30th president of Haiti and 33rd head of state ephemeral military governments were excluded from the count was born on July 19 1907 in Quartier Morin commune of Cap Haitien in the North Departement Paul was the son of a high ranking General Eugene Francois Magloire and Marie Philomene Mathieu He attended Lycee Philippe Guerrier On April 18 1936 he wed Yolette Leconte a direct descendant of Jean Jacques Dessalines the marriage lasted till her death in 1981 Military career EditOn September 1 1930 Paul joined the army In 1935 he found himself in Cap Haitien as sub commander of this military district a position he maintained until 1938 when he was promoted to the rank of captain and to the post of commander of the same district In 1941 he was transferred to Port au Prince as commander of the National Penitentiary also called Grand Prison The following year he graduated from the Port au Prince Law School He became Police Chief of Port au Prince in 1944 In January 1946 the population rose up against President Elie Lescot who found himself in great difficulty in Port au Prince Lescot would later be accused by parliamentary committees of having used public funds to participate in World War II alongside the United States of America without taking into account the daily realities of the Haitian masses or the interests of Haiti Magloire therefore proposes to President Elie Lescot to hand over power to a military junta of 3 members including Magloire himself who will occupy the post of Minister of the Interior and National Defense from January 12 to August 16 1946 Colonel Franck Lavaud and Antoine Levelt In August 1946 Dumarsais Estime was elected President of Haiti against Dantes Louis Bellegarde Magloire then found himself in the opposition and created MOP Mouvement Ouvrier Paysan In 1947 during a parliamentary session in Port au Prince two ministers of the government of Dumarsais Estime informed the parliamentary commission of inquiry that Haiti s participation in the Second World War cost 20 million US dollars to the government Haitian State and generates only 1 5 million US dollars following the liquidation of German property sequestered in the country Magloire ousted him with the help of a local elite and took power In 1950 he was proclaimed Colonel in the Haitian Army Presidency EditIn May 1950 Colonel Franck Lavaud returned to power provisionally with the mission of organizing presidential elections to hand power over to a civilian and Magloire joined him In December of the same year Magloire ran for the presidency The election was the first in the nation s history where all adult males had the right to vote Magloire won against a fragile coalition of socialists communists and conservatives During Magloire s rule Haiti became a tourist spot for American and European tourists His anti communist position also gained favorable reception from the US government In addition he emphasized public works revenues from the sale of coffee were used to repair towns construct roads public buildings and a dam He also oversaw the institution of women s suffrage Magloire was very fond of a vivid social life staging numerous parties social events and ceremonies Shortly after he came to power in December 1950 he amended the constitution to set up by referendum a republican presidential regime and broke with parliamentarism His consistently anti Communist policy was appreciated and supported by the United States During his reign the streets of Cap Haitien were asphalted and the monuments of Vertieres as well as the gatehouses of Barriere Bouteille were built at the southern entrance to the capital The result of such measures was that Haiti became one of the most popular tourist destinations in the Caribbean From 1954 Magloire s popularity fell In that year Hurricane Hazel ravaged the country and funds intend to provide relief for the populace were often stolen before they could reach those in need Magloire could not be a candidate for re election because the new Haitian political system did not permit more than a single term for a president Accordingly on December 12 1956 Magloire s reign came to an end Exile and death EditHaving resigned Magloire fled the country amid strikes and demonstrations Political instability continued in Haiti for most of the next eight months with no one individual military or civilian able to dominate The instability finished only when Francois Duvalier whom most outsiders mistook for an unworldly intellectual achieved power On October 15 1957 about a month after Duvalier became president Magloire was officially condemned to exile and stripped of his Haitian citizenship Thereafter the new regime confiscated all the properties owned by Magloire and his brothers Arsene and Fernand Magloire himself settled in New York City In 1986 when Duvalier s son and successor Jean Claude lost office Magloire left New York and returned to Haiti Two years later he became an unofficial army advisor although his hopes of regaining the presidency were never fulfilled On July 19 1997 he obtained the rare distinction of being made Marshal of Haiti He died aged 93 on July 12 2001 The Haitian government accorded him a state funeral 2 3 4 References Edit Haiti Au Revoir Magloire Time December 24 1956 Retrieved October 12 2015 Paul Magloire Former Haitian Ruler 94 New York Times July 16 2001 Retrieved October 12 2015 Chamberlain Greg July 19 2001 Paul Magloire The Guardian Retrieved October 12 2015 Yolette Leconte Magloire 62 Wife of Ex President of Haiti New York Times June 22 1981 Retrieved October 12 2015 Further reading EditNicholls David 1979 From Dessalines to Duvalier Race Colour and National Independence in Haiti ISBN 978 0 8135 2240 1 Trouillot Michel Rolph 1989 Haiti State Against Nation Monthly Review Press ISBN 978 0 85345 755 8 Political officesPreceded byFranck Lavaud President of Haiti1950 1956 Succeeded byJoseph Nemours Pierre Louis Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Paul Magloire amp oldid 1131991003, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
