fbpx
Wikipedia

Thousand-mark ban

The thousand-mark ban was an economic sanction imposed on Austria by the German Reich government on May 29, 1933, which came into effect on July 1, 1933. Henceforth, German citizens had to pay a fee of 1,000 ℛ︁ℳ︁ (equivalent to €4635 in 2017) to the German Reich before any travel to or through Austria, except for small border traffic. The payment of the fee was noted in the passport and was therefore easy to check. Likewise, because of the widespread visa requirement in Europe upon re-entry, a clandestine entry into Austria via detours could be recognized immediately.

The aim was to weaken the Austrian economy, which was already heavily dependent on tourism at that time. The ban was lifted after the Juliabkommen.[1][2]

History edit

Causes & consequences edit

The ban was intended to bring about the overthrow of Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss, who by then was already acting in a dictatorial manner. The pretended trigger was the expulsion of the Bavarian Minister of Justice Hans Frank from Austria. Frank was one of the leading National Socialists in the German Reich and belonged to Hitler's Old Guard. His expulsion took place after he had threatened, in a speech in Graz on May 15, 1933, that the German government would actively interfere in Austrian domestic politics since Austria was a “part of Germany”.[3]

The financial hurdle proved effective. The percentage of German tourists in Austria for tourism in 1932 was around 40%.[4] The total number of overnight stays fell from 19.9 million in 1932 to 16.5 million the following year. The lowest was reached in 1934 with 15.9 million overnight stays. In Tyrol alone, overnight stays fell from 4.4 million (in 1929/1933) to 500,000 (in 1933/38). The lockdown also had a massive impact on the university level and various Austrian establishments like the first cable car in Tyrol (de:Tiroler Zugspitzbahn) which was developed by Dr. Hermann Stern.

In more recent historiography, the effect of the ban is put into perspective. On one hand, the effects of the global economic crisis that began at the end of the 1920s reached their peak at the same time. On the other hand, the ban offered "a crystallization point at which the abstract problem of a fundamental economic crisis, which the average citizen cannot concretely understand, could be discussed."

References edit

  1. ^ Schneiderman, Harry (1937). "Austria". The American Jewish Year Book. 39: 354–357. ISSN 0065-8987. JSTOR 23602272.
  2. ^ "Austria and Germany sign treaty". UPI. Retrieved 2022-05-10.
  3. ^ Portisch, Hugo. Österreich I: Die unterschätzte Republik.
  4. ^ "Tausend-Mark-Sperre". Austria-Forum (in German). Retrieved 2022-05-10.

thousand, mark, thousand, mark, economic, sanction, imposed, austria, german, reich, government, 1933, which, came, into, effect, july, 1933, henceforth, german, citizens, equivalent, 4635, 2017, german, reich, before, travel, through, austria, except, small, . The thousand mark ban was an economic sanction imposed on Austria by the German Reich government on May 29 1933 which came into effect on July 1 1933 Henceforth German citizens had to pay a fee of 1 000 ℛ ℳ equivalent to 4635 in 2017 to the German Reich before any travel to or through Austria except for small border traffic The payment of the fee was noted in the passport and was therefore easy to check Likewise because of the widespread visa requirement in Europe upon re entry a clandestine entry into Austria via detours could be recognized immediately The aim was to weaken the Austrian economy which was already heavily dependent on tourism at that time The ban was lifted after the Juliabkommen 1 2 History editCauses amp consequences edit The ban was intended to bring about the overthrow of Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss who by then was already acting in a dictatorial manner The pretended trigger was the expulsion of the Bavarian Minister of Justice Hans Frank from Austria Frank was one of the leading National Socialists in the German Reich and belonged to Hitler s Old Guard His expulsion took place after he had threatened in a speech in Graz on May 15 1933 that the German government would actively interfere in Austrian domestic politics since Austria was a part of Germany 3 The financial hurdle proved effective The percentage of German tourists in Austria for tourism in 1932 was around 40 4 The total number of overnight stays fell from 19 9 million in 1932 to 16 5 million the following year The lowest was reached in 1934 with 15 9 million overnight stays In Tyrol alone overnight stays fell from 4 4 million in 1929 1933 to 500 000 in 1933 38 The lockdown also had a massive impact on the university level and various Austrian establishments like the first cable car in Tyrol de Tiroler Zugspitzbahn which was developed by Dr Hermann Stern In more recent historiography the effect of the ban is put into perspective On one hand the effects of the global economic crisis that began at the end of the 1920s reached their peak at the same time On the other hand the ban offered a crystallization point at which the abstract problem of a fundamental economic crisis which the average citizen cannot concretely understand could be discussed References edit Schneiderman Harry 1937 Austria The American Jewish Year Book 39 354 357 ISSN 0065 8987 JSTOR 23602272 Austria and Germany sign treaty UPI Retrieved 2022 05 10 Portisch Hugo Osterreich I Die unterschatzte Republik Tausend Mark Sperre Austria Forum in German Retrieved 2022 05 10 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Thousand mark ban amp oldid 1221327353, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.