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Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk

March 14, 2023

Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk (1 June 1300 – 4 August 1338), was the fifth son of King Edward I of England (1239–1307), and the eldest child by his second wife, Margaret of France, the daughter of King Philip III of France. He was, therefore, a younger half-brother of King Edward II (reigned 1307–1327) and a full brother of Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent. He occupied the office of Earl Marshal of England.

Thomas of Brotherton
1st Earl of Norfolk
Thomas depicted on a medieval roll
Tenure1312–1338
PredecessorNew creation
SuccessorMargaret, Duchess of Norfolk
Known forYounger half-brother of
King Edward II of England
Born1 June 1300
Brotherton, Yorkshire, England
Died4 August 1338 (aged 38)
Framlingham Castle, Suffolk, England
BuriedBury St Edmunds Abbey, Suffolk
52°14′38.76″N 0°43′9.12″E / 52.2441000°N 0.7192000°E / 52.2441000; 0.7192000
NationalityEnglish
ResidenceFramlingham Castle
Wars and battlesSecond War of Scottish Independence
OfficesEarl Marshal
Spouse(s)Alice de Hales
Mary de Brewes
IssueMargaret, Duchess of Norfolk
Edward of Norfolk
Alice of Norfolk
ParentsEdward I of England
Margaret of France
Arms of Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk: Royal arms of King Edward I, a label of three points argent for difference

Early life

Thomas of Brotherton was born 1 June 1300 at the manor house at Brotherton, Yorkshire, while his mother was on her way to Cawood, where her confinement was scheduled to take place.[1] According to Hilton, Margaret was staying at Pontefract Castle and was following a hunt when she went into labour.[2] The chronicler William Rishanger records that during the difficult delivery his mother prayed, as was the custom at the time, to Thomas Becket, and Thomas of Brotherton was thus named after the saint and his place of birth.[3]

King Edward I hastened to the queen and the newborn baby and had Thomas presented with two cradles. His brother Edmund of Woodstock was born in the year after that. They were overseen by wet nurses until they were six years old. Like their parents, they learned to play chess and ride horses. They were visited by nobles and their half-sister Mary of Woodstock, who was a nun. Their mother often accompanied their father on his campaigns to Scotland, but kept herself well-informed on their well-being.[2]

Thomas's father died when he was 7 years old. Thomas's half-brother Edward, became king of England (Edward II) and Thomas was heir presumptive until his nephew, the future King Edward III, was born in 1312. The Earldom of Cornwall had been intended for Thomas, but his brother the King instead bestowed it upon his favourite, Piers Gaveston, in 1306. When Thomas was ten years old, King Edward II assigned to him and his brother Edmund, the estates of Roger Bigod, 5th Earl of Norfolk, who had died without heirs in 1306.

Career

 
Ruins of the Abbey of Bury St Edmunds where Thomas of Brotherton was buried

In 1312, Thomas was titled Earl of Norfolk by Edward II, and on 10 February 1316, he was created Earl Marshal. While his brother was away fighting in Scotland, he was left Keeper of England. He was known for his hot and violent temper. He was one of the many victims of the unchecked greed of the king's new favourite, Hugh Despenser the Younger and his father Hugh Despenser the Elder, who stole some of the young earl's lands.

He allied himself with Queen Isabella and Roger Mortimer when they invaded England in 1326, and stood as one of the judges in the trials against both Despensers. When his nephew Edward III reached his majority and took the government into his own hands Thomas, who had helped with the deposition,[4] became one of his principal advisors. It was in the capacity of Lord Marshal that he commanded the right wing of the English army at the Battle of Halidon Hill on 19 July 1333.

Thomas died on 4 August 1338, and was buried in the choir of the Abbey of Bury St Edmunds.[3][5][6] As he had no surviving sons, Thomas was succeeded by his daughter, Margaret, as Countess of Norfolk.[3] She was later created Duchess of Norfolk for life in 1397.[6]

As a son of Edward I of England, Thomas was entitled to bear the coat of arms of the Kingdom of England, differenced by a label argent of three points.[7]

Marriages and issue

Thomas married, firstly, before 8 January 1326, Alice de Hales (d. bef. 12 October 1330), daughter of Sir Roger de Hales of Hales Hall in Loddon in Roughton, Norfolk, a coroner, by his wife, Alice Skogan, by whom he had a son and two daughters:[8][3]

Thomas's wife Alice died by October 1330, when a chantry was founded for her soul in Bosham, Sussex.[11]

Thomas married, secondly, before 4 April 1336, Mary de Brewes (died 11 June 1362), widow of Sir Ralph de Cobham (died 5 February 1326), and daughter of Sir Peter de Brewes[3] (died before 7 February 1312) of Tetbury, Gloucestershire, by Agnes de Clifford (died before 1332), by whom he had no surviving issue.[12][13]

Family

Ancestry

Family tree

Notes

  1. ^ He was born in the main house, later demolished in the 1930s due to disrepair, although the new 17th-century wing still exists. Waugh, 2004.
  2. ^ a b Hilton 2008, p. 240.
  3. ^ a b c d e Waugh 2004.
  4. ^ "Norfolk, Earls and Dukes of" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 742.
  5. ^ Richardson IV 2011, p. 182.
  6. ^ a b Thomas F. Tout, (1886) "Thomas of Brotherton" in Dictionary of National Biography
  7. ^ Marks of Cadency in the British Royal Family
  8. ^ Richardson II 2011, p. 631.
  9. ^ Richardson II 2011, p. 634.
  10. ^ Richardson II 2011, pp. 634–5.
  11. ^ Cokayne 1936, pp. 596–9.
  12. ^ Richardson II 2011, p. 632.
  13. ^ Richardson IV 2011, p. 180.
  14. ^ Allström, Carl. M. Dictionary of Royal Lineage. Almberg. Chicago. 1902. pp. 135-138, 178-180, 221, 280-281, .

References

  • Archer, Rowena E. (2004). "'Brotherton, Margaret, suo jure duchess of Norfolk (c. 1320–1399)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/53070. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  • Cokayne, George Edward (1936). The Complete Peerage, edited by H.A. Doubleday and Lord Howard de Walden. Vol. IX. London: St. Catherine Press. pp. 596–9.
  • Hilton, Lisa (2008). Queens Consort, England's Medieval Queens. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. p. 240. ISBN 978-0-7538-2611-9.
  • Richardson, Douglas (2011). Everingham, Kimball G. (ed.). Plantagenet Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families. Vol. II (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City. ISBN 978-1449966348.
  • Richardson, Douglas (2011). Everingham, Kimball G. (ed.). Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families. Vol. IV (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City. ISBN 978-1460992708.
  • Waugh, Scott L. (2004). "Thomas, first earl of Norfolk (1300–1338)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/27196. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

Further reading

  • Mortimer, Ian. The Greatest Traitor, 2003.
Political offices
Preceded by Lord Marshal
1316–1338 		Succeeded by
Peerage of England
New creation Earl of Norfolk
3rd creation
1312–1338 		Succeeded by

March 14, 2023
thomas, brotherton, earl, norfolk, june, 1300, august, 1338, fifth, king, edward, england, 1239, 1307, eldest, child, second, wife, margaret, france, daughter, king, philip, france, therefore, younger, half, brother, king, edward, reigned, 1307, 1327, full, br. Thomas of Brotherton 1st Earl of Norfolk 1 June 1300 4 August 1338 was the fifth son of King Edward I of England 1239 1307 and the eldest child by his second wife Margaret of France the daughter of King Philip III of France He was therefore a younger half brother of King Edward II reigned 1307 1327 and a full brother of Edmund of Woodstock 1st Earl of Kent He occupied the office of Earl Marshal of England Thomas of Brotherton1st Earl of NorfolkThomas depicted on a medieval rollTenure1312 1338PredecessorNew creationSuccessorMargaret Duchess of NorfolkKnown forYounger half brother ofKing Edward II of EnglandBorn1 June 1300Brotherton Yorkshire EnglandDied4 August 1338 aged 38 Framlingham Castle Suffolk EnglandBuriedBury St Edmunds Abbey Suffolk 52 14 38 76 N 0 43 9 12 E 52 2441000 N 0 7192000 E 52 2441000 0 7192000NationalityEnglishResidenceFramlingham CastleWars and battlesSecond War of Scottish IndependenceBattle of Halidon HillOfficesEarl MarshalSpouse s Alice de Hales Mary de BrewesIssueMargaret Duchess of NorfolkEdward of NorfolkAlice of NorfolkParentsEdward I of EnglandMargaret of FranceArms of Thomas of Brotherton 1st Earl of Norfolk Royal arms of King Edward I a label of three points argent for difference Contents 1 Early life 2 Career 3 Marriages and issue 4 Family 4 1 Ancestry 4 2 Family tree 5 Notes 6 References 7 Further readingEarly life EditThomas of Brotherton was born 1 June 1300 at the manor house at Brotherton Yorkshire while his mother was on her way to Cawood where her confinement was scheduled to take place 1 According to Hilton Margaret was staying at Pontefract Castle and was following a hunt when she went into labour 2 The chronicler William Rishanger records that during the difficult delivery his mother prayed as was the custom at the time to Thomas Becket and Thomas of Brotherton was thus named after the saint and his place of birth 3 King Edward I hastened to the queen and the newborn baby and had Thomas presented with two cradles His brother Edmund of Woodstock was born in the year after that They were overseen by wet nurses until they were six years old Like their parents they learned to play chess and ride horses They were visited by nobles and their half sister Mary of Woodstock who was a nun Their mother often accompanied their father on his campaigns to Scotland but kept herself well informed on their well being 2 Thomas s father died when he was 7 years old Thomas s half brother Edward became king of England Edward II and Thomas was heir presumptive until his nephew the future King Edward III was born in 1312 The Earldom of Cornwall had been intended for Thomas but his brother the King instead bestowed it upon his favourite Piers Gaveston in 1306 When Thomas was ten years old King Edward II assigned to him and his brother Edmund the estates of Roger Bigod 5th Earl of Norfolk who had died without heirs in 1306 Career Edit Ruins of the Abbey of Bury St Edmunds where Thomas of Brotherton was buried In 1312 Thomas was titled Earl of Norfolk by Edward II and on 10 February 1316 he was created Earl Marshal While his brother was away fighting in Scotland he was left Keeper of England He was known for his hot and violent temper He was one of the many victims of the unchecked greed of the king s new favourite Hugh Despenser the Younger and his father Hugh Despenser the Elder who stole some of the young earl s lands He allied himself with Queen Isabella and Roger Mortimer when they invaded England in 1326 and stood as one of the judges in the trials against both Despensers When his nephew Edward III reached his majority and took the government into his own hands Thomas who had helped with the deposition 4 became one of his principal advisors It was in the capacity of Lord Marshal that he commanded the right wing of the English army at the Battle of Halidon Hill on 19 July 1333 Thomas died on 4 August 1338 and was buried in the choir of the Abbey of Bury St Edmunds 3 5 6 As he had no surviving sons Thomas was succeeded by his daughter Margaret as Countess of Norfolk 3 She was later created Duchess of Norfolk for life in 1397 6 As a son of Edward I of England Thomas was entitled to bear the coat of arms of the Kingdom of England differenced by a label argent of three points 7 Marriages and issue EditThomas married firstly before 8 January 1326 Alice de Hales d bef 12 October 1330 daughter of Sir Roger de Hales of Hales Hall in Loddon in Roughton Norfolk a coroner by his wife Alice Skogan by whom he had a son and two daughters 8 3 Margaret Duchess of Norfolk who married firstly John Segrave 4th Baron Segrave and secondly Wauthier de Masny Edward of Norfolk who married Beatrice Mortimer daughter of Roger Mortimer 1st Earl of March but died without issue before 9 August 1334 9 Alice of Norfolk who married Edward Montagu 1st Baron Montagu 10 Thomas s wife Alice died by October 1330 when a chantry was founded for her soul in Bosham Sussex 11 Thomas married secondly before 4 April 1336 Mary de Brewes died 11 June 1362 widow of Sir Ralph de Cobham died 5 February 1326 and daughter of Sir Peter de Brewes 3 died before 7 February 1312 of Tetbury Gloucestershire by Agnes de Clifford died before 1332 by whom he had no surviving issue 12 13 Family EditAncestry Edit Ancestors of Thomas of Brotherton 1st Earl of Norfolk 14 8 John King of England4 Henry III King of England9 Isabella Countess of Angouleme2 Edward I King of England10 Ramon Berenguer IV Count of Provence5 Eleanor of Provence11 Beatrice of Savoy1 Thomas Earl of Norfolk12 Louis IX King of France6 Philip III King of France13 Margaret of Provence Sister of 5 3 Margaret of France14 Henry III Duke of Brabant7 Maria of Brabant15 Adelaide of Burgundy Family tree Edit vteEarls of Norfolk and Dukes of NorfolkEARL OF EAST ANGLIA Earls of Norfolk and Suffolk 1st creation before 1069Ralph the Staller1st Earl of Norfolk and Suffolk or of the East Angles c 1011 1068 Ralph de Gael2nd Earl of Norfolk and Suffolk or of the East Angles c 1040 c 1096 Earldom forfeit 1074EARL OF NORFOLK 2nd creation 1141Hugh Bigod1st Earl of Norfolk 1095 1177 Roger Bigod2nd Earl of Norfolk c 1144 1150 1221 Hugh Bigod3rd Earl of Norfolk 1186 1225 Roger Bigod4th Earl of Norfolk c 1209 1270 Hugh Bigod c 1211 1266 King Edward I1239 1307Roger Bigod5th Earl of Norfolk c 1245 1306 Earldom extict 1270EARL OF NORFOLK 3rd creation 1312Thomas of Brotherton1st Earl of Norfolk 1300 1338 Margaret of Brotherton2nd Countess of NorfolkDuchess of Norfolk for life 1320 1399 John Segrave4th Baron Segrave 1315 1353 Elizabeth de Segrave5th Baroness Segrave 1338 1368 John de Mowbray4th Baron Mowbray 1340 1368 Earl of Nottingham 1st creation 1377DUKE OF NORFOLK 1st creation 1397John de Mowbray1st Earl of Nottingham 1365 1383 Thomas de Mowbray3rd Earl of Norfolk1st Duke of Norfolk c 1368 1399 Dukedom forfeit 1399DUKE OF NORFOLK 1st creation restored 1425Sir Robert Howard 1385 1436 Lady Margaret de Mowbray c 1388 1459 Thomas de Mowbray4th Earl of Norfolk 1385 1405 John de Mowbray5th Earl of Norfolk2nd Duke of Norfolk 1392 1432 DUKE OF NORFOLK 4th creation 1483John Howard1st Duke of Norfolk 1425 1485 John de Mowbray6th Earl of Norfolk3rd Duke of Norfolk 1415 1461 Titles forfeit 1485DUKE OF NORFOLK 4th creation restored 1514Thomas Howard2nd Duke of Norfolk 1443 1524 King Edward IV1442 1483John de Mowbray7th Earl of Norfolk4th Duke of Norfolk 1444 1476 Dukedom extinct 1476DUKE OF NORFOLK 3rd creation 1477Thomas Howard3rd Duke of Norfolk 1473 1554 Anne of York 1475 1511 Richard of ShrewsburyDuke of YorkDuke of Norfolk 1473 1483 Anne de Mowbray8th Countess of Norfolk 1472 1481 Attainted 1547Restored 1553Dukedom extinct 1483Henry HowardEarl of Surrey 1517 1547 Thomas Howard1st Viscount Howard of Bindon c 1520 1582 Mary FitzRoyDuchess of Richmond and Somerset 1519 1557 Henry FitzRoyDuke of Richmond and Somerset 1519 1536 Thomas Howard4th Duke of Norfolk 1536 1572 Henry Howard1st Earl of Northampton 1540 1614 Titles forfeit 1572Earl of SuffolkSt Philip HowardEarl of Arundel 1557 1595 Attainted 1589Thomas Howard1st Earl of Suffolk 1561 1626 Lord William Howard 1563 1640 EARL OF NORFOLK 5th creation 1644Thomas HowardEarl of Arundel1st Earl of Norfolk 1585 1646 Henry Frederick HowardEarl of Arundel2nd Earl of Norfolk 1608 1652 DUKE OF NORFOLK 4th creation restored 1660Thomas Howard5th Duke of Norfolk 1627 1677 Henry HowardEarl of Norwich6th Duke of Norfolk 1628 1684 Hon Charles Howard 1630 1713 Col Bernard Howard 1641 1717 Henry HowardEarl of Norwich7th Duke of Norfolk 1655 1701 Lord Thomas Howard 1662 1689 Henry Charles Howard d 1720 Bernard Howard 1674 1735 Thomas HowardEarl of Norwich8th Duke of Norfolk 1683 1732 Edward HowardEarl of Norwich9th Duke of Norfolk 1685 1777 Charles Howard10th Duke of Norfolk 1720 1786 Henry Howard 1713 1787 Earldom of Norwich extinct 1777Charles Howard11th Duke of Norfolk 1746 1815 Bernard Howard12th Duke of Norfolk 1765 1842 Henry Howard13th Duke of Norfolk 1791 1856 Baron Howard of GlossopHenry Fitzalan Howard14th Duke of Norfolk 1815 1860 Edward Fitzalan Howard1st Baron Howard of Glossop 1818 1883 Henry Fitzalan Howard15th Duke of Norfolk 1847 1917 Francis Fitzalan Howard2nd Baron Howard of Glossop 1859 1924 Bernard Fitzalan Howard16th Duke of Norfolk 1908 1975 Bernard Fitzalan Howard3rd Baron Howard of Glossop 1885 1972 Miles Fitzalan Howard17th Duke of Norfolk 1915 2002 Edward Fitzalan Howard18th Duke of Norfolk b 1956 Henry Fitzalan HowardEarl of ArundelEarl of Surrey b 1987 Notes Edit He was born in the main house later demolished in the 1930s due to disrepair although the new 17th century wing still exists Waugh 2004 a b Hilton 2008 p 240 a b c d e Waugh 2004 Norfolk Earls and Dukes of Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 19 11th ed 1911 p 742 Richardson IV 2011 p 182 a b Thomas F Tout 1886 Thomas of Brotherton in Dictionary of National Biography Marks of Cadency in the British Royal Family Richardson II 2011 p 631 Richardson II 2011 p 634 Richardson II 2011 pp 634 5 Cokayne 1936 pp 596 9 Richardson II 2011 p 632 Richardson IV 2011 p 180 Allstrom Carl M Dictionary of Royal Lineage Almberg Chicago 1902 pp 135 138 178 180 221 280 281 References EditArcher Rowena E 2004 Brotherton Margaret suo jure duchess of Norfolk c 1320 1399 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online ed Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 ref odnb 53070 Subscription or UK public library membership required Cokayne George Edward 1936 The Complete Peerage edited by H A Doubleday and Lord Howard de Walden Vol IX London St Catherine Press pp 596 9 Hilton Lisa 2008 Queens Consort England s Medieval Queens London Weidenfeld amp Nicolson p 240 ISBN 978 0 7538 2611 9 Richardson Douglas 2011 Everingham Kimball G ed Plantagenet Ancestry A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families Vol II 2nd ed Salt Lake City ISBN 978 1449966348 Richardson Douglas 2011 Everingham Kimball G ed Magna Carta Ancestry A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families Vol IV 2nd ed Salt Lake City ISBN 978 1460992708 Waugh Scott L 2004 Thomas first earl of Norfolk 1300 1338 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online ed Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 ref odnb 27196 Subscription or UK public library membership required Further reading EditMortimer Ian The Greatest Traitor 2003 Political officesPreceded byNicholas Seagrave Lord Marshal1316 1338 Succeeded byThe Countess of NorfolkPeerage of EnglandNew creation Earl of Norfolk3rd creation1312 1338 Succeeded byMargaret Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Thomas of Brotherton 1st Earl of Norfolk amp oldid 1133375208, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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