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The Nameless City

"The Nameless City" is a short horror story written by American writer H. P. Lovecraft in January 1921 and first published in the November 1921 issue of the amateur press journal The Wolverine. It is often considered the first story set in the Cthulhu Mythos world.[1] In the story, the protagonist travels to the middle of the Arabian Desert to explore an ancient underground city.

"The Nameless City"
Short story by H. P. Lovecraft
The Wolverine, November 1921
Text available at Wikisource
CountryUnited States
LanguageEnglish
Genre(s)Horror
Publication
Published inThe Wolverine
Publication dateNovember 1921

Though Lovecraft himself was quite fond of the story, it was roundly rejected by a variety of magazines.

Plot Edit

The unnamed narrator of the story goes into the middle of the Arabian Peninsula to seek out and enter a lost city. After hearing a clanging seemingly coming from deep inside the earth, the narrator inspects mysterious carvings and ruins until nightfall. The next day, the narrator discovers a cliff riddled with low-ceilinged buildings, unfit for human use. While he attends to his suddenly nervous camel, the narrator discovers a somewhat larger temple, with altars, painted murals, and a small staircase going down. After he descends, his torch dies, and he crawls on his hands and knees until he enters a hallway with small wooden coffins containing bizarre reptiles inside of them lining the walls.

The narrator notices a large amount of light coming from an unknown source. After crawling to it on his hands and knees, he sees a large brass door with a descent into a misty portal. He then hears moaning coming from the coffin passage, and feels a strong wind coming from the passage, trying to pull him down. Against all odds, he resists, and sees what appear to be reptiles with a body shaped like a cross between a crocodile and a seal with a strange head common to neither of them, involving a protruding forehead, horns, lack of a nose, and an alligator-like jaw crawling behind the lit portal. The wind dies down after the last of it flows down into the light, when suddenly the door closes behind the narrator, leaving him in the dark.[2]

Inspiration Edit

 
Author H. P. Lovecraft in June 1934

Lovecraft said that the story was based on a dream, which was in turn inspired by the last line of Lord Dunsany's story "The Probable Adventure of the Three Literary Men", quoted in the story itself: "the unreverberate blackness of the abyss".[3]

Another identified source is the 9th Edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica, whose description of "Irem, the City of Pillars" he copied into his commonplace book: "which yet, after the annihilation of its tenants, remains entire, so Arabs say, invisible to ordinary eyes, but occasionally, and at rare intervals, revealed to some heaven-favoured traveller."[4]

Critic William Fulwiler argues that Edgar Rice Burroughs' At the Earth's Core was one of Lovecraft's primary inspirations for "The Nameless City", citing "the reptile race, the tunnel to the interior of the earth, and the 'hidden world of eternal day'" as elements common to both tales.[5] More generally, Fulwiler suggests, the theme of "alien races more powerful and more intelligent than man", which recurs frequently in Lovecraft's writings, may derive from Burroughs' Pellucidar stories.[6] However, both writers drew on an already existing and vast literature of "lost city" stories and novels.

Connections Edit

The story contains the first mention of Abdul Alhazred, a fictional authority on the occult who would later be mentioned in most of Lovecraft's major Cthulhu Mythos stories, including "The Hound" (1922), "The Festival" (1923), "The Call of Cthulhu" (1926), The Case of Charles Dexter Ward (1927), "The Dunwich Horror" (1928), "The Whisperer in Darkness" (1930) At the Mountains of Madness (1931), "The Dreams in the Witch House" (1932), "The Thing on the Doorstep" (1933), and "The Shadow out of Time" (1934).

In "The Nameless City", Alhazred is not yet identified as the author of the famous Necronomicon, but the "unexplained couplet" that Lovecraft attributes to him is later established as coming from that work.[7]

"The Nameless City" is an early example of Lovecraft's technique of mixing references from history, literature and his own fiction to create a persuasive background for his horrors.[8] At one point, the narrator recalls:

To myself I pictured all the splendours of an age so distant that Chaldaea could not recall it, and thought of Sarnath the Doomed, that stood in the land of Mnar when mankind was young, and of Ib, that was carven of grey stone before mankind existed.

In this passage, Chaldaea is a historic region in Mesopotamia, whereas Sarnath, Mnar, and Ib are places in Lovecraft's story "The Doom that Came to Sarnath".

Later in the story, a single paragraph mentions Lovecraft's fictional Arab poet, an actual 5th century philosopher, a writer from the Middle Ages, a legendary Persian king, and one of Lovecraft's favorite fantasy authors:

In the darkness there flashed before my mind fragments of my cherished treasury of daemonic lore; sentences from Alhazred the mad Arab, paragraphs from the apocryphal nightmares of Damascius, and infamous lines from the delirious Image du Monde of Gautier de Metz. I repeated queer extracts, and muttered of Afrasiab and the daemons that floated with him down the Oxus; later chanting over and over again a phrase from one of Lord Dunsany's tales--"The unreverberate blackness of the abyss."

The paragraph goes on to quote the Irish poet Thomas Moore. The Colossi of Memnon are also mentioned.[2]

Reception Edit

Though Lovecraft counted "The Nameless City" among his favorite stories, it was rejected (following its original amateur appearance) by a variety of professional outlets, including Weird Tales (twice), Fantasy Magazine and possibly The Galleon.[9] It was accepted by The Fantasy Fan, which folded before publishing it. It eventually appeared in the fall 1936 issue of Fanciful Tales, published by Donald A. Wollheim and Wilson Shepherd, and was reprinted in the November 1938 issue of Weird Tales after Lovecraft's death.[10]

Lin Carter described "The Nameless City" as "a trivial exercise in Poe-esque gothica", calling it "overwritten [and] over-dramatic". "[T]he mood of mounting horror is applied in a very artificial manner", Carter writes. "Rather than creating in the reader a mood of terror, Lovecraft describes a mood of terror: the emotion is applied in the adjectives." He does, however, allow that the tale has some "evocative power". Lovecraft himself was powerfully moved by an emotion of awe and fascination when contemplating the mysterious ruins of unthinkable antiquity. This emotion he manages to convey in a sort of dreamlike manner, despite his coldly clinical use of adjectives.[11]

The story is often reprinted in various short story collections.[12]

References Edit

  1. ^ Lin Carter cites four different lists of Lovecraft's Cthulhu Mythos stories — including his own and August Derleth's — and though each differs slightly from the others, each begins with "The Nameless City". Carter, pp. 25–26.
  2. ^ a b Lovecraft, H.P. (November 1921). The Nameless City. The Wolverine. ISBN 978-1517226862.
  3. ^ H. P. Lovecraft, Selected Letters Vol. 1, p. 122; cited in Joshi and Schultz, pp. 181-182.
  4. ^ Joshi, S.T.; Schultz, David E. (2004). An H.P. Lovecraft Encyclopedia. Hippocampus Press. p. 182. ISBN 978-0974878911.
  5. ^ William Fulwiler, "E.R.B. and H.P.L.", Black Forbidden Things, Robert M. Price, ed., p. 62.
  6. ^ Fulwiler, p. 61.
  7. ^ H. P. Lovecraft, "The Call of Cthulhu", The Dunwich Horror and Others.
  8. ^ Carter, pp. 21-22.
  9. ^ Carter, pp. 20-23.
  10. ^ Carter, pp. 20-25.
  11. ^ Carter, pp. 21-23.
  12. ^ Lovecraft, Howard P. (31 March 2016). The Best of H. P. Lovecraft - A Collection of Short Stories (Fantasy and Horror Classics). Read Books Ltd. ISBN 9781473369290.

Sources Edit

  • Lin Carter, Lovecraft: A Look Behind the Cthulhu Mythos.
  • William Fulwiler, "E.R.B. and H.P.L.", Black Forbidden Things, Robert M. Price (ed.)

External links Edit

nameless, city, short, horror, story, written, american, writer, lovecraft, january, 1921, first, published, november, 1921, issue, amateur, press, journal, wolverine, often, considered, first, story, cthulhu, mythos, world, story, protagonist, travels, middle. The Nameless City is a short horror story written by American writer H P Lovecraft in January 1921 and first published in the November 1921 issue of the amateur press journal The Wolverine It is often considered the first story set in the Cthulhu Mythos world 1 In the story the protagonist travels to the middle of the Arabian Desert to explore an ancient underground city The Nameless City Short story by H P LovecraftThe Wolverine November 1921Text available at WikisourceCountryUnited StatesLanguageEnglishGenre s HorrorPublicationPublished inThe WolverinePublication dateNovember 1921Though Lovecraft himself was quite fond of the story it was roundly rejected by a variety of magazines Contents 1 Plot 2 Inspiration 3 Connections 4 Reception 5 References 6 Sources 7 External linksPlot EditThe unnamed narrator of the story goes into the middle of the Arabian Peninsula to seek out and enter a lost city After hearing a clanging seemingly coming from deep inside the earth the narrator inspects mysterious carvings and ruins until nightfall The next day the narrator discovers a cliff riddled with low ceilinged buildings unfit for human use While he attends to his suddenly nervous camel the narrator discovers a somewhat larger temple with altars painted murals and a small staircase going down After he descends his torch dies and he crawls on his hands and knees until he enters a hallway with small wooden coffins containing bizarre reptiles inside of them lining the walls The narrator notices a large amount of light coming from an unknown source After crawling to it on his hands and knees he sees a large brass door with a descent into a misty portal He then hears moaning coming from the coffin passage and feels a strong wind coming from the passage trying to pull him down Against all odds he resists and sees what appear to be reptiles with a body shaped like a cross between a crocodile and a seal with a strange head common to neither of them involving a protruding forehead horns lack of a nose and an alligator like jaw crawling behind the lit portal The wind dies down after the last of it flows down into the light when suddenly the door closes behind the narrator leaving him in the dark 2 Inspiration Edit nbsp Author H P Lovecraft in June 1934Lovecraft said that the story was based on a dream which was in turn inspired by the last line of Lord Dunsany s story The Probable Adventure of the Three Literary Men quoted in the story itself the unreverberate blackness of the abyss 3 Another identified source is the 9th Edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica whose description of Irem the City of Pillars he copied into his commonplace book which yet after the annihilation of its tenants remains entire so Arabs say invisible to ordinary eyes but occasionally and at rare intervals revealed to some heaven favoured traveller 4 Critic William Fulwiler argues that Edgar Rice Burroughs At the Earth s Core was one of Lovecraft s primary inspirations for The Nameless City citing the reptile race the tunnel to the interior of the earth and the hidden world of eternal day as elements common to both tales 5 More generally Fulwiler suggests the theme of alien races more powerful and more intelligent than man which recurs frequently in Lovecraft s writings may derive from Burroughs Pellucidar stories 6 However both writers drew on an already existing and vast literature of lost city stories and novels Connections EditThe story contains the first mention of Abdul Alhazred a fictional authority on the occult who would later be mentioned in most of Lovecraft s major Cthulhu Mythos stories including The Hound 1922 The Festival 1923 The Call of Cthulhu 1926 The Case of Charles Dexter Ward 1927 The Dunwich Horror 1928 The Whisperer in Darkness 1930 At the Mountains of Madness 1931 The Dreams in the Witch House 1932 The Thing on the Doorstep 1933 and The Shadow out of Time 1934 In The Nameless City Alhazred is not yet identified as the author of the famous Necronomicon but the unexplained couplet that Lovecraft attributes to him is later established as coming from that work 7 The Nameless City is an early example of Lovecraft s technique of mixing references from history literature and his own fiction to create a persuasive background for his horrors 8 At one point the narrator recalls To myself I pictured all the splendours of an age so distant that Chaldaea could not recall it and thought of Sarnath the Doomed that stood in the land of Mnar when mankind was young and of Ib that was carven of grey stone before mankind existed In this passage Chaldaea is a historic region in Mesopotamia whereas Sarnath Mnar and Ib are places in Lovecraft s story The Doom that Came to Sarnath Later in the story a single paragraph mentions Lovecraft s fictional Arab poet an actual 5th century philosopher a writer from the Middle Ages a legendary Persian king and one of Lovecraft s favorite fantasy authors In the darkness there flashed before my mind fragments of my cherished treasury of daemonic lore sentences from Alhazred the mad Arab paragraphs from the apocryphal nightmares of Damascius and infamous lines from the delirious Image du Monde of Gautier de Metz I repeated queer extracts and muttered of Afrasiab and the daemons that floated with him down the Oxus later chanting over and over again a phrase from one of Lord Dunsany s tales The unreverberate blackness of the abyss The paragraph goes on to quote the Irish poet Thomas Moore The Colossi of Memnon are also mentioned 2 Reception EditThough Lovecraft counted The Nameless City among his favorite stories it was rejected following its original amateur appearance by a variety of professional outlets including Weird Tales twice Fantasy Magazine and possibly The Galleon 9 It was accepted by The Fantasy Fan which folded before publishing it It eventually appeared in the fall 1936 issue of Fanciful Tales published by Donald A Wollheim and Wilson Shepherd and was reprinted in the November 1938 issue of Weird Tales after Lovecraft s death 10 Lin Carter described The Nameless City as a trivial exercise in Poe esque gothica calling it overwritten and over dramatic T he mood of mounting horror is applied in a very artificial manner Carter writes Rather than creating in the reader a mood of terror Lovecraft describes a mood of terror the emotion is applied in the adjectives He does however allow that the tale has some evocative power Lovecraft himself was powerfully moved by an emotion of awe and fascination when contemplating the mysterious ruins of unthinkable antiquity This emotion he manages to convey in a sort of dreamlike manner despite his coldly clinical use of adjectives 11 The story is often reprinted in various short story collections 12 References Edit Lin Carter cites four different lists of Lovecraft s Cthulhu Mythos stories including his own and August Derleth s and though each differs slightly from the others each begins with The Nameless City Carter pp 25 26 a b Lovecraft H P November 1921 The Nameless City The Wolverine ISBN 978 1517226862 H P Lovecraft Selected Letters Vol 1 p 122 cited in Joshi and Schultz pp 181 182 Joshi S T Schultz David E 2004 An H P Lovecraft Encyclopedia Hippocampus Press p 182 ISBN 978 0974878911 William Fulwiler E R B and H P L Black Forbidden Things Robert M Price ed p 62 Fulwiler p 61 H P Lovecraft The Call of Cthulhu The Dunwich Horror and Others Carter pp 21 22 Carter pp 20 23 Carter pp 20 25 Carter pp 21 23 Lovecraft Howard P 31 March 2016 The Best of H P Lovecraft A Collection of Short Stories Fantasy and Horror Classics Read Books Ltd ISBN 9781473369290 Sources EditLin Carter Lovecraft A Look Behind the Cthulhu Mythos William Fulwiler E R B and H P L Black Forbidden Things Robert M Price ed External links Edit nbsp Wikisource has original text related to this article The Nameless City The Nameless City at Faded Page Canada The Nameless City title listing at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database Publication history for The Nameless City The H P Lovecraft Archive nbsp The Nameless City public domain audiobook at LibriVox Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title The Nameless City amp oldid 1172538669, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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