fbpx
Wikipedia

I quattro libri dell'architettura

I quattro libri dell'architettura (The Four Books of Architecture) is a treatise on architecture by the architect Andrea Palladio (1508–1580), written in Italian. It was first published in four volumes in 1570 in Venice, illustrated with woodcuts after the author's own drawings. It has been reprinted and translated many times, often in single-volume format.

The Four Books of Architecture
Front page of I quattro libri dell'architettura
AuthorAndrea Palladio
Original titleI quattro libri dell'architettura
TranslatorGiacomo Leoni
IllustratorAndrea Palladio
CountryItaly
LanguageItalian
SubjectArchitecture
GenreNon-fiction
Published1570
PublisherDominico de' Francheschi[1]
Published in English
John Watts, London, 1716-1720
Media typePrint

Book I was first published in English in 1663 in a London edition by Godfrey Richards. The first complete English language edition was published in London by the Italian-born architect Giacomo Leoni in 1715–1720.[2]

Organization

The treatise is divided into four books:

The first book discusses building materials and techniques. It documents five classical orders (Doric, Ionic, Corinthian, Tuscan, Composite) in all their parts (bases, columns, architraves, arches, capitals, trabeations), as well as discussing other building elements (vaulted ceilings, floors, doors and windows, fireplaces, roofs and stairs).[3]

The second book covers the designs of private urban townhouses and country villas[3] of the 1500s, in and around Venice, almost all designed by Palladio himself.[3] This includes nine palazzi, 22 villas (13 of them completed, another five partly completed), and a series of unrealized projects. The plates of completed projects sometimes differ from the buildings as actually constructed.

The third book addresses matters of city planning: streets, stone street paving, bridges of both stone and wood, and piazzas, with examples drawn from Roman origins alongside contemporary examples; also basilicas, including the basilica designed by Vitruvius in Fano and the important Basilica Palladiana in Vicenza.[4]

The fourth book contains five chapters of general introduction, then 26 chapters, each of which describe the designs of specific Roman temples dating from antiquity, along with one contemporary church design. (The exception is the San Pietro in Montorio, designed by Donato Bramante,[5] consecrated in the year 1500.) Palladio's selections range geographically from Rome, Naples, Spoleto, Assisi, Pola and Nîmes. Illustrations of the temples include careful measurements of existing building elements, together with Palladio's own conjectural interpretations of the temple's facades where only fragments remained, as at the Temple of Trajan.

The 26 temples discussed in include:

Author

Palladio founded an architectural movement which takes its name from him, Palladian architecture. I quattro libri dell'architettura contains Palladio's own designs celebrating the purity and simplicity of classical architecture. Some of these ideas had got no further than the drawing board while others, for example villa plans, had been successfully built. The book's clarity inspired numerous patrons and other architects. Palladian architecture grew in popularity across Europe and, by the end of the 18th century, had extended as far as North America. Thomas Jefferson, President of the United States, was a keen admirer of Palladio and once referred to the book as "the Bible". The Four Books was used to inform his own work as the architect of Monticello and the University of Virginia and also architect William Buckland's at the 1774 Hammond-Harwood House in Annapolis, Maryland.

Palladio drew inspiration from surviving Roman buildings, Roman authors (especially the architect Vitruvius) and Italian Renaissance architects. However, The Four Books of Architecture provided systematic rules and plans for buildings which were creative and unique. Palladio's villa style is based on details applied to a structural system built of bricks. He offers two types of general rules in the corpus: design rules (those based on appearance) and construction rules (those based on the logic of villa construction). Here rules of the two types are identified in sets from which subsets of identifiers and rules can be written.

Each of the nine rule-sets contains many sub-identities of components and procedures for physical construction. A rule-set such as “Walls”, that identifies five sub-rules based on wall thickness, only needs construction rules; there is no need for rules based on style. In contrast, rules for “Frames” are based on a geometric style of curves and shape proportions. The results will yield clear identities for a shape grammar composition that can be based on physical construction and visual style.

Rule-sets

These identities are taken from the first book of architecture and a survey of built villas. These are the nine rule-sets that define identity:

 
Villa Pisani (Bagnolo) in I Quattro Libri dell'Architettura
  1. Walls — parametric formula
  2. Ceilings — parametric formula
  3. Stairs — parametric formula
  4. Columns — parametric object
  5. Doors — parametric formula
  6. Windows — parametric formula
  7. Frames — parametric object
  8. Roof — parametric formula
  9. Details — parametric object and formula

See also

References

  1. ^ . Center for Palladian Studies in America. palladiancenter.org. Archived from the original on 5 July 2018. Retrieved 6 September 2016.
  2. ^ The Center for Palladian Studies in America, Inc., "Palladio and his Books." http://www.palladiancenter.org/palladiobooks.html 2018-07-05 at the Wayback Machine
  3. ^ a b c Palladio 1965, p. vi.
  4. ^ Palladio 1965, pp. vi–vii.
  5. ^ Palladio 1965, p. vii.

Sources

External links

  • I quattro libri dell'architettura, ne' quali, dopo un breue trattato de' cinque ordini, & di quelli auertimenti, che sono piu necessarii nel fabricare; si tratta delle case private, delle vie, de i ponti, delle piazze, de i xisti, et de' tempij. — downloadable pdf first edition from the Library of Congress
  • I Quattro Libri dell'Architettura — facsimile of the book at rarebookroom.org
  • "Complete bibliography for the 16th and 17th centuries

quattro, libri, dell, architettura, four, books, architecture, treatise, architecture, architect, andrea, palladio, 1508, 1580, written, italian, first, published, four, volumes, 1570, venice, illustrated, with, woodcuts, after, author, drawings, been, reprint. I quattro libri dell architettura The Four Books of Architecture is a treatise on architecture by the architect Andrea Palladio 1508 1580 written in Italian It was first published in four volumes in 1570 in Venice illustrated with woodcuts after the author s own drawings It has been reprinted and translated many times often in single volume format The Four Books of ArchitectureFront page of I quattro libri dell architetturaAuthorAndrea PalladioOriginal titleI quattro libri dell architetturaTranslatorGiacomo LeoniIllustratorAndrea PalladioCountryItalyLanguageItalianSubjectArchitectureGenreNon fictionPublished1570PublisherDominico de Francheschi 1 Published in EnglishJohn Watts London 1716 1720Media typePrintBook I was first published in English in 1663 in a London edition by Godfrey Richards The first complete English language edition was published in London by the Italian born architect Giacomo Leoni in 1715 1720 2 Contents 1 Organization 2 Author 3 Rule sets 4 See also 5 References 5 1 Sources 6 External linksOrganization EditThe treatise is divided into four books The first book discusses building materials and techniques It documents five classical orders Doric Ionic Corinthian Tuscan Composite in all their parts bases columns architraves arches capitals trabeations as well as discussing other building elements vaulted ceilings floors doors and windows fireplaces roofs and stairs 3 The second book covers the designs of private urban townhouses and country villas 3 of the 1500s in and around Venice almost all designed by Palladio himself 3 This includes nine palazzi 22 villas 13 of them completed another five partly completed and a series of unrealized projects The plates of completed projects sometimes differ from the buildings as actually constructed The third book addresses matters of city planning streets stone street paving bridges of both stone and wood and piazzas with examples drawn from Roman origins alongside contemporary examples also basilicas including the basilica designed by Vitruvius in Fano and the important Basilica Palladiana in Vicenza 4 The fourth book contains five chapters of general introduction then 26 chapters each of which describe the designs of specific Roman temples dating from antiquity along with one contemporary church design The exception is the San Pietro in Montorio designed by Donato Bramante 5 consecrated in the year 1500 Palladio s selections range geographically from Rome Naples Spoleto Assisi Pola and Nimes Illustrations of the temples include careful measurements of existing building elements together with Palladio s own conjectural interpretations of the temple s facades where only fragments remained as at the Temple of Trajan The 26 temples discussed in include Chap VI Of the Draughts of some ancient Temples that are in Rome and first of the Temple of Peace Temple of Peace Rome Chap VII Of the Temple of Mars the Avenger at the Forum of Augustus Chap VIII Of the Temple of Nerva Trajan Temple of Trajan Chap IX Of the Temple of Antoninius and Faustina Temple of Antoninus and Faustina Chap X Of the Temples of the Sun and Moon Temple of Venus and Roma Chap XI Of the Temple vulgarly call d the Galluce Temple of Minerva Medica nymphaeum Chap XII Of the Temple of Jupiter Temple of Seraphis Chap XIII Of the Temple of Fortuna virilis or Manly Fortune Temple of Portunus Chap XIV Of the Temple of Vesta Temple of Vesta Chap XV Of the Temple of Mars Temple of Hadrian Chap XVI Of the Baptism of Constantine Lateran Baptistery Chap XVII Of the Temple of Bramante San Pietro in Montorio Chap XVIII Of the Temple of Jupiter Stator Temple of Jupiter Stator 2nd century BC Chap XIX Of the Temple of Jupiter the Thunderer Temple of Jupiter Feretrius Chap XX Of the Pantheon now call d the Rotonda Pantheon Rome Chap XXI Of the Draughts of some Temples that are out of Rome or in other parts of Italy and the first of the Temples of Bacchus Santa Costanza Chap XXII Of the Temple whose Vestiges are seen near St Sebastian s Church on the Appian Way Santi Cosma e Damiano Chap XXIII Of the Temple of Vesta Temple of Vesta Tivoli Chap XXIV Of the Temple of Castor and Pollux San Paolo Maggiore Chap XXV Of the Temple which is below Trevi Temple of Clitumnus Chap XXVI Of the Temple of Scisi Temple of Minerva Assisi Chap XXVII Of the Draughts of some Temples which are out of Italy and first of the two temples of Pola Temple of Augustus Pula Chap XXVIII Of the two Temples at Nimes of first of that which is call dla Maison quarree or the square House Maison Carree Chap XXIX Of the other Temple of Nimes Temple of Diana Nimes Chap XXX Of two other Temples at Rome and first of the Temple of Concord Temple of Saturn Chap XXXI Of the Temple of Neptune Temple of Neptune Rome Author EditPalladio founded an architectural movement which takes its name from him Palladian architecture I quattro libri dell architettura contains Palladio s own designs celebrating the purity and simplicity of classical architecture Some of these ideas had got no further than the drawing board while others for example villa plans had been successfully built The book s clarity inspired numerous patrons and other architects Palladian architecture grew in popularity across Europe and by the end of the 18th century had extended as far as North America Thomas Jefferson President of the United States was a keen admirer of Palladio and once referred to the book as the Bible The Four Books was used to inform his own work as the architect of Monticello and the University of Virginia and also architect William Buckland s at the 1774 Hammond Harwood House in Annapolis Maryland Palladio drew inspiration from surviving Roman buildings Roman authors especially the architect Vitruvius and Italian Renaissance architects However The Four Books of Architecture provided systematic rules and plans for buildings which were creative and unique Palladio s villa style is based on details applied to a structural system built of bricks He offers two types of general rules in the corpus design rules those based on appearance and construction rules those based on the logic of villa construction Here rules of the two types are identified in sets from which subsets of identifiers and rules can be written Each of the nine rule sets contains many sub identities of components and procedures for physical construction A rule set such as Walls that identifies five sub rules based on wall thickness only needs construction rules there is no need for rules based on style In contrast rules for Frames are based on a geometric style of curves and shape proportions The results will yield clear identities for a shape grammar composition that can be based on physical construction and visual style Rule sets EditThese identities are taken from the first book of architecture and a survey of built villas These are the nine rule sets that define identity Villa Pisani Bagnolo in I Quattro Libri dell Architettura Walls parametric formula Ceilings parametric formula Stairs parametric formula Columns parametric object Doors parametric formula Windows parametric formula Frames parametric object Roof parametric formula Details parametric object and formulaSee also EditPalladian villas of the Veneto De architectura 10 books on architecture References Edit Palladio and his Books Center for Palladian Studies in America palladiancenter org Archived from the original on 5 July 2018 Retrieved 6 September 2016 The Center for Palladian Studies in America Inc Palladio and his Books http www palladiancenter org palladiobooks html Archived 2018 07 05 at the Wayback Machine a b c Palladio 1965 p vi Palladio 1965 pp vi vii Palladio 1965 p vii Sources Edit Palladio Andrea 1965 1570 The Four Books of Architecture intro by Adolf K Placzek New York Dover Publications ISBN 0 486 21308 0 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to I quattro libri dell architettura I quattro libri dell architettura ne quali dopo un breue trattato de cinque ordini amp di quelli auertimenti che sono piu necessarii nel fabricare si tratta delle case private delle vie de i ponti delle piazze de i xisti et de tempij downloadable pdf first edition from the Library of Congress I Quattro Libri dell Architettura facsimile of the book at rarebookroom org Complete bibliography for the 16th and 17th centuries Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title I quattro libri dell 27architettura amp oldid 1118350770, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.