The Dog in the Sea
The Dog in the Sea, also known as The Dog and the Sailor is a northern European fairy tale classified as ATU 540, "The Dog in the Sea".[1][2]
| The Dog in the Sea | |
|---|---|
| Folk tale | |
| Name | The Dog in the Sea |
| Also known as | The Dog and the Sailor |
| Aarne–Thompson grouping | 540 |
| Country | Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Germany, Netherlands |
Description edit
The common plot thread in all variants collected by German scholar Hans-Jörg Uther begins with an unhappy sailor trying to commit suicide by drowning, and meeting a talking dog that offers him help instead. The sailor and his supernatural companion sail together, and after three heavy storms the dog tells the sailor to jump into the water. Underwater the sailor finds a castle and a beautiful woman with magical powers. Warned by the dog, the sailor kills the woman and accomplishes three challenging tasks through three nights in the castle. Afterwards he cuts the dog's head off, and the dog is revealed to be a handsome prince, once enchanted by his mother-in-law/father/a witch, and now returned to human form.[3]
Variants edit
Variants of the tale exist in Danish, Finnish, Frisian, German and Dutch languages and have been transcribed by Nikolaj Christian Christensen,[4] Oskar Hackman,[5] Jens Kamp,[6] Jurjen van der Kooi[7][8][9] and Pirkko-Liisa Rausmaa.[10] All of them have been collected from late 19th to 20th century. In his work, Nikolaj Petrovič Andreev claimed that type 540 existed in Russian language, but did not provide an example.[11]
Kamp's version from Denmark, David Husmandssøn, is the longest and the most detailed of the above. It introduces the character of overprotective mother who wants her son to take up a "gentle trade", and the son purposefully makes mistakes in those apprenticeships until he is allowed to work at sea. Furthermore, the supernatural dog is stated to be a black poodle, a breed historically used as a water dog. The sailor at the end is offered "half the kingdom" by the prince's father, but rejects the offer and returns home to care for his parents.
In both Christensen and Kamp versions, not only the prince is released from the curse, but also his father, who has been turned into a lion and is held prisoner in chains in the castle, whose head and tail have to be cut off and attached vice versa again, or whose animal skin is to be cut open with a knife. In the Swedish version (Hackman), which, like the Finnish version, is only slightly related to the Danish version, the enchanted dog is not a human but a troll prince. In the Finnish version of Rausmaa, the dog disenchants itself by jumping into the water, while the second Finnish variant differs even more in its content.[11]
Analysis edit
This fairy tale type has been included in Enzyklopädie des Märchens.[11]
It has been analyzed from a queer theory perspective, with a protagonist that could be considered gay, asexual or otherwise queer.[12]
In Popular Culture edit
This folktale was not added to the Motif-Index of Folk-Literature compiled by Stith Thompson, a guide that is still used worldwide today to organize and analyze folktales.[13] According to Pete Jordi Wood, Thompson held a negative view towards the LGBTQ+ community and chose to not incorporate many positive stories with LGBTQ+ themes. Thompson did incorporate tales with queer characters who were harmed or depicted as a villain. This motivated Woods to retell this story. An illustrated retelling of the story was published by Wood. An illustrated retelling of the story was published by Pete Jordi Wood.[14]
See also edit
- Ileana Simziana, another fairy tale interpreted as having a queer subtext
- Pete Jordi Wood’s anthology “Tales From Beyond the Rainbow: 10 LGBTQ+ Fairy Tales Proudly Reclaimed” (Puffin Classics, 2023) highlights ten international, historically grounded folk tales featuring positive portrayals of LGBTQ+ protagonists.
References edit
- ^ Aarne, Antti; Thompson, Stith. The types of the folktale: a classification and bibliography. Folklore Fellows Communications FFC no. 184. Helsinki: Academia Scientiarum Fennica, 1961. p. 193.
- ^ Uther, Hans-Jörg (2004). The Types of International Folktales: A Classification and Bibliography, Based on the System of Antti Aarne and Stith Thompson. Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia, Academia Scientiarum Fennica. p. 314. ISBN 978-951-41-0963-8.
- ^ Uther, Hans-Jörg (2004). The Types of International Folktales: A Classification and Bibliography, Based on the System of Antti Aarne and Stith Thompson. Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia, Academia Scientiarum Fennica. pp. 314–315. ISBN 978-951-41-0963-8.
- ^ Christensen, Nikolaj (1963). Folkeeventyr fra Kær herred (in Danish). Akademisk forlag; (D. B. K.). OCLC 880970766.
- ^ Hackman, Oskar (1917). Finlands svenska folkdiktning (in Swedish). Helsingfors: tr.: Tidnings- och Tryckeri-Aktiebolagets Tryckeri. pp. 79–80. OCLC 1164167690.
- ^ Kamp, Jens (2015). Danske Folkeminder, Æventyr, Folkesagn, Gaader, Rim og Folketro: samlede fra Folkemunde (PDF) (in Danish). OCLC 926699052.
- ^ Kooi, J. van der (1985). Volksverhalen in Friesland: lectuur en mondelinge overlevering : een typencatalogus (Thesis). Groningen: Stiftung Ffyrug : Stichtintg Sasland.
- ^ Kooi, J. van der, Schuster, Theo (1994). Der Grossherzog und die Marktfrau: Märchen und Schwänke aus dem Oldenburger Land (in German). Leer: Schuster. ISBN 978-3-7963-0314-2. OCLC 35006188.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Kooi, J. van der (2003). Van Janmaanje en Keudeldoemke (in Dutch). Groningen: Noordboek. ISBN 978-90-330-1161-0. OCLC 65789557.
- ^ Rausmaa, Pirkko-Liisa (1988). Suomalaiset kansansadut (in Finnish). Helsinki: Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura. ISBN 978-951-717-527-2. OCLC 21729801.
- ^ a b c "Hund im Meer (AaTh 540)". De Gruyter. Retrieved 2022-08-30.
- ^ Wood, Pete Jordi (2019). Queeries : essays on queer theory and fairy tales. ISBN 978-1-9162461-5-7. OCLC 1246173587.
- ^ Crawford, Ramona. "Research Guides: Library Research Guide for Folklore and Mythology: Tale-Type and Motif Indices". guides.library.harvard.edu. Retrieved 2023-10-18.
- ^ Wareham, Jamie. "Why This Charming Gay Fairytale Has Been Lost For 200 Years". Forbes. Retrieved 4 January 2023.