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Typhoon Morakot

January 30, 2023

This article is about the 2009 typhoon. For other storms of the same name, see Typhoon Morakot (disambiguation).

Typhoon Morakot, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Kiko, was the deadliest typhoon to impact Taiwan in recorded history. The eighth named storm and fourth typhoon of the 2009 Pacific typhoon season, Morakot wrought catastrophic damage in Taiwan, leaving 673 people dead and 26 missing, and causing roughly NT$110 billion (US$3.3 billion) in damages. Morakot originated as a tropical depression in the West Pacific on August 2. The system initially moved northeastward, before taking a westward track, developing into a tropical storm on August 3, with the JMA giving it the name Morakot. The storm gradually strengthened as it moved towards Taiwan, intensifying into a Category 1-equivalent typhoon on August 5. Morakot reached its peak intensity on August 7, with a minimum central pressure of 945 millibars (27.9 inHg), maximum 10-minute sustained winds of 140 km/h (85 mph), and maximum 1-minute sustained winds of 150 km/h (90 mph). Afterward, Morakot's forward motion slowed and the system gradually weakened, making landfall on central Taiwan later that day as a severe tropical storm. Over the next day, Morakot slowly meandered over Taiwan, before emerging into the Taiwan Strait and turning northward, making landfall on Mainland China on August 9. Afterward, Morakot accelerated northward while gradually weakening, before later turning northeastward. On August 11, Morakot degenerated into a remnant low in the East China Sea, before dissipating on August 13, over northern Japan.

Typhoon Morakot (Kiko)
Typhoon (JMA scale)
Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS)
Typhoon Morakot approaching Taiwan on August 7
FormedAugust 2, 2009
DissipatedAugust 13, 2009
(Extratropical after August 11)
Highest winds10-minute sustained: 140 km/h (85 mph)
1-minute sustained: 150 km/h (90 mph)
Lowest pressure945 hPa (mbar); 27.91 inHg
Fatalities789 total
Damage$6.2 billion (2009 USD)
Areas affectedPhilippines, Japan, Taiwan, China, South Korea, North Korea
Part of the 2009 Pacific typhoon season

The storm produced copious amounts of rainfall, peaking at 2,777 mm (109.3 in), far surpassing the previous record of 1,736 mm (68.35 in) set by Typhoon Herb in 1996. The extreme amount of rain triggered enormous mudflows and severe flooding throughout southern Taiwan. One landslide (and subsequent flood) destroyed the entire town of Siaolin, killing over 400 people. The slow-moving storm also caused widespread damage in China, leaving eight people dead and causing $1.4 billion (2009 USD) in damages. Nearly 2,000 homes were destroyed in the country and 136,000 more were reported to have sustained damage. In the wake of the storm, Taiwan's government faced extreme criticism for the slow response to the disaster and for initially deploying only roughly 2,100 soldiers to the affected regions. Later, the number of soldiers working to recover trapped residents increased to 46,000. Rescue crews were able to retrieve thousands of trapped residents from buried villages and isolated towns across the island. Days later, Taiwan's president Ma Ying-jeou apologized for the government's slow response publicly. On August 19, the Taiwan government announced that they would start a NT$100 billion (US$3 billion) reconstruction plan that would take place over a three-year span in the devastated regions of southern Taiwan.[1] Days after the storm, international aid began to be sent to the island.

The storm also caused severe flooding in the northern Philippines that killed 26 people due to the enhancement of the southwest monsoon.

Meteorological history

 
Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
  Extratropical cyclone / Remnant low / Tropical disturbance / Monsoon depression

Early on August 2, 2009, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported that a tropical depression had formed within a monsoon trough located about 1,000 km (620 mi) east of Luzon,[2][3] However the depression remained weak and was downgraded to an area of low pressure, before regenerating later that day.[4][5][6] Both the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) and the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) then started to monitor the depression early the next day, while it was located about 700 km (430 mi) to the southeast of Okinawa, Japan, with the PAGASA assigning the name Kiko to the depression.[3][7] The JTWC reported at this time that the storm consisted of an area of convection, with deep convection flaring on the western side of a partially exposed low-level circulation center.[3]

Later on August 3, the JMA reported that the depression had intensified into a tropical storm, and gave it the name Morakot. The JTWC further designated the system as Tropical Depression 09W, as deep convection had increased over the low-level circulation center, and the agency reported that the storm was moving around a low-level ridge of high pressure, which was located to the east of the Morakot's low-level circulation center. On the morning of August 4, the JTWC reported that the Morakot had steadily intensified into a tropical storm, as 1-minute sustained wind speeds were estimated to be near 65 km/h (40 mph), with deep convective banding building toward the low-level circulation center, under the influence of a subtropical ridge located to the east of the system. Later that day, the JMA reported that Morakot had intensified into a severe tropical storm, before it was upgraded to a typhoon by both the JMA and the JTWC early the next day.

Initially, the JTWC anticipated that Morakot would intensify into a powerful typhoon while approaching China, peaking as a Category 4-equivalent typhoon on the Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Scale (SSHWS). However, due to the size of the typhoon, while the barometric pressure steadily decreased, the maximum winds only increased slightly. Early on August 7, the storm attained its peak intensity, with a central minimum pressure of 945 millibars (27.9 inHg) and maximum 10-minute sustained winds of 140 km/h (85 mph), according to the JMA. The JTWC reported the storm to be slightly stronger, with maximum 1-minute winds peaking at 150 km/h (90 mph), the equivalent of a Category 1 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Scale. Morakot's forward motion slowed, and the storm weakened slightly before making landfall in central Taiwan later that day, as a severe tropical storm. Roughly 24 hours later, the storm emerged back over water into the Taiwan Strait and turned northward, before making landfall in Mainland China on August 9, as a severe tropical storm. The storm gradually weakened as it continued to slowly track inland, with the storm's forward motion gradually increasing, with the system eventually turning northeastward on August 11. Later that day, Morakot degenerated into a remnant low in the East China Sea, before making landfall on South Korea early on the next day, and then making another landfall on northern Japan on August 13. The remnants of the typhoon dissipated shortly afterward.

Preparations

 
Tropical Storm Morakot over eastern China on August 9

Japan

At 0000 UTC on August 3, the JMA placed the Moji and Yokohama navtex areas under a gale warning, six hours later they also placed the Naha navtex area under a gale warning.[8][9] Later that day at 1800 UTC, the JMA canceled the gale warnings for the Yokohama navtex area however at 0600 UTC the next morning the gale warning for Yokohama was reissued.[10][11] The JMA kept these warnings in force before they were upgraded to a typhoon warnings as Morakot intensified into a typhoon on August 5.[12] Early the next day, US military installations on Okinawa raised their Tropical Cyclone Condition of Readiness (TCCOR) from level 4 to level 3 which meant that winds exceeding 50 knots (93 km/h, 57 mph) were expected to affect Okinawa within 48 hours.[13] This came as the JMA canceled the warning for Yokohama.

Philippines

From their first warning, PAGASA warned that the depression was expected to “enhance the Southwest Monsoon and bring occasional heavy rain over Luzon and Western Visayas”.[7] However, early on August 6, they placed the Batanes in Northern Luzon under Public Storm Warning Signal 1 (PSWS 1), which meant that winds of up to 35 kn (65 km/h) were expected in Batanes within 36 hours. They then placed Northern Cagayan, Apayao, Ilocos, and Norte under PSWS 1 later that day, as it moved toward Taiwan. They kept these warnings in place until early on August 8, when they revised the warnings downgrading the signal for Northern Cagayan, Apayao, Ilocos and Norte, while putting Babuyan and Calayan Islands under PSWS 1 and then early the next day PAGASA released their final warning and downgrade all signals for the Philippines.[14]

Taiwan

  • August 5, 2009: 20:30, the Central Weather Bureau of Taiwan issued a Sea Typhoon Alert for Morakot.
  • August 6, 2009: Severe Tropical Storm Morakot intensified into a typhoon.
  • August 7, 2009: Morakot was closing in on Taiwan. It moved very slowly and it made landfall just before midnight.
  • August 8, 2009: After midnight, most of the districts in south Taiwan recorded heavy rainfall.

China

More than 953,000 residents and more than 35,000 boats were evacuated back to shore in the eastern and southeastern provinces of the People's Republic of China.[15] A fishing boat capsized with nine fishermen missing.[16] In all, roughly 1.5 million residents were evacuated ahead of the typhoon.[17] A total of 34,000 watercraft sought refuge ahead of the storm.[18]

Impact

Japan

On Thursday August 6, shortly after midday, Morakot lashed Okinawa-Honto with wind gusts as high as 65 mph (105 km/h),[19] stranding thousands of summer holiday air travelers. Naha Airport experienced east crosswinds of 50 mph (80 km/h) which almost completely shut down the airport. Domestic and international airlines reported 252 flights canceled, stranding 41,648 passengers at the peak of the summer Obon holidays. Some Kadena-based U.S. aircraft were evacuated ahead of Morakot.[19] The southernmost island groups of Yaeyama, including Yonaguni and Ishigaki, were affected by gale- or storm-force winds.

Philippines

 
Flooding in the Philippines

In the Philippines, eleven villages (Pagudpod, San Juan, Baton-lapoc, Carael, Tampo, Paco, San Miguel, Bining, Bangan, and Capayawan) were submerged in 4-to-5-foot-deep (1.2 to 1.5 m) floods after the Pinatubo Dike overflowed around 4:00 p.m. on August 6, 2009.[20] Joint military and police rescue teams rescued 3 Koreans and 9 Canadian nationals. About 29,000 people were affected by Morakot; nine people were confirmed dead.[21][22] Three French tourists and two Filipino guides were killed in a flash flood caused by a landslide. Thousands were trapped on rooftops or in trees awaiting helicopter rescue attempts and thousands lost their homes. At least two people died due to flooding. Landslides claimed the lives of no less than twelve miners after a mine caved in. Schools suspended their classes in the hardest hit area, and highways closed due to landslides.[23]

Taiwan

The coast of Keelung, Taiwan, where schools were closed ahead of the typhoon, Morakot caused landslides, severe floods, blew down trees and billboards, and stripped roofs from buildings.[24]

After Morakot landed at midnight on August 8, almost the entire southern region of Taiwan (Chiayi County/Chiayi City, Tainan County/Tainan City (now merged as Tainan), Kaohsiung County/Kaohsiung City (now merged as Kaohsiung), and Pingtung County) and parts of Taitung County and Nantou County were flooded by record-breaking heavy rain. The rainfall in Pingtung County exceeded 2,600 millimetres (100 in), breaking all rainfall records of any single place in Taiwan induced by a single typhoon.[25] Airlines in Taiwan did hold some flights in and out of airports, but seaports were closed. Electricity supplies were cut to approximately 25,000 homes.[26]

Siaolin Village, a mountain village with 1,300 residents in Jiasian Township, was buried by a massive landslide (and subsequent flood) that destroyed the town, and resulted in 465 deaths.[27] It was reported that all roads toward Namasia Township were either blocked or washed away by severe mudflows. Hundreds of residents were trapped for four days, and were running out of food and water. In addition, water and electricity had been cut.[28] Other affected areas included the Taimali River mouth, the Zhiben River catchment, the Gaoping River bridge linking Linyuan and Xinyuan townships at the boundary between Kaohsiung and Pingtung counties, and several catchments in Pingtung County where the rivers flow into the Taiwan Strait.[29] A rescue helicopter, working to retrieve survivors of the mudflow crashed into a mountain side early on August 11, killing the three occupants. Crews were unable to reach the wreckage due to the steep terrain.[30]

A swollen river in Taitung County undermined 51 homes and swept them away into the Pacific, leaving numerous residents homeless. No people were in the homes when they collapsed into the river.[31] In the famous Zhiben Hot Springs area, the six-story Jinshuai Hotel was destroyed when it collapsed into the Zhiben River after being undermined by flood waters. Several stores in front of the hotel were washed away days earlier as the river continued to overflow its banks and inundate nearby towns and cities. Running water in Tainan County to 280,000 was shut down as flood waters contaminated the local reservoir.[32] Twenty bridges were destroyed due to the typhoon, with eight being on a Provincial Highway. Seven of those on a highway were in Kaohsiung or Pingtung.[33][34][35] Additionally, at least 16 landslide dams were formed during the typhoon.[36][37][38] Most of the damage done to railways are located in the south on the Pingtung, Taitung, and South Link lines. Also, the Alishan Forest Railway saw some serious damage.[39] According to the Ministry of Education, 1,273 schools were affected by the typhoon, accumulating a loss of $1.87 billion NTD. The National Museum of Prehistory, National Science and Technology Museum, and Fonghuanggu Bird and Ecology Park were all damaged by the typhoon.[40][41]

According to statistics of the Morakot Post‐Disaster Reconstruction Council up to February 4, 2010, the disaster resulted in 677 deaths, 4 severely injured, and 22 missing persons, as well as an additional 25 bodies that were not identified: a total of 728 persons (cases).[42] The record-breaking rains also caused catastrophic agricultural losses, with estimates reaching NT$9 billion (US$274 million). At its peak, roughly 1.58 million were without power across the island and over 710,000 were without water pressure.[43] Tourism losses due to the typhoon were estimated to be at least NT$800 million (US$24.4 million).[44] The Council of Agriculture estimates that a total of NT$19.217 billion (US$605 million) was lost due to the typhoon, making it the second-costliest typhoon behind Typhoon Herb in 1996. Out of this, farms lost NT$12.9 billion, fisheries lost NT$4.7 billion, and livestock lost NT$1.6 billion.[45]

 
Provincial Highway 16 collapsed, causing seven cars to be washed into the Zhuoshui River.

However, Morakot also ended a month-long drought and replenished reservoirs enough to warrant an end to water rationing.[46] Typhoon Morakot caused Zengwen Reservoir, which was originally short on water, to suddenly exceed capacity.[47][48] In response to the excess water, the reservoir released over 100,000,000 liters of water, which is about 80% of the dam's total capacity.[49][50] The release of water caused severe flooding along the Zengwen River; in Xiaobei Village in Madou Township, the water level reached a story high.[51]

The "Little Three Links" between Kinmen of the Republic of China and Xiamen of the People's Republic of China was suspended. Almost all reservoirs in Kinmen County were full. Winds at Force 13 on the Beaufort scale were recorded in the Matsu Islands.

National Disaster Prevention and Protection Commission is the task-force-grouped committee authorized by the law of Disaster Prevention and Protection.[52]

Nantou County

 
A broken bridge on the TRA South-link line in Taimali Township.

The most damage done to Nantou County was in Xinyi, which had the greatest rainfall in the county.[53] The currents of the Chenyoulan River caused the foundations of roads and buildings to be wiped away.[54] A building in Longhua Elementary School tilted 30 degrees as a result of the foundations being washed away and was on the verge of falling into the river.[55]

Provincial Highway 16 collapsed between Jiji and Shuili, causing seven cars to be washed into the Zhuoshui River. So far, only four out of fifteen bodies have been recovered.[56]

Kaohsiung County

Kaohsiung County saw over 2,500 millimeters of rainfall within three days (Kaohsiung typically receives the same amount of rain in a year). The rain brought severe floods on the plains and landslides in the mountains. On August 14, Xiaolin Village was completely covered due to a landslide, causing the deaths of 398 people.

Due to the rain, many bridges were washed away, including those on Provincial Highways 20, 21, and 27 and the bridge to the Maolin National Scenic Area. 14 people went missing after a weir under construction was washed away.[57]

Pingtung County

Pingtung County is one of the areas hardest hit by the typhoon. Due to the collapse of embankment along the Linbian River, there was severe flooding in Linbian and Jiadong, with Jiadong reporting flood depths of two stories. Embankments along the Laonong River also collapsed, causing flooding in Gaoshu. A bridge on Provincial Highway 24 collapsed, effectively cutting off Wutai Township from the rest of the country.

According to the Water Resources Agency, the area with the highest rainfall was in Wanluan Township with 135 millimeters per hour. The total highest rainfall was recorded in Sandimen Township with over 2500 millimeters.[58]

The railways in Pingtung also took a huge hit, with the Pingtung Line taking 6 months to repair.[59] Linbian Train Station's train tracks were entirely covered in mud after severe flooding there.[60]

Taitung County

Most of the flooding in Taitung County occurred in the south part of the county, with Daren, Taimali, and Dawu Townships being especially hard hit.

Flooding was especially serious in Zhiben Hot Springs, with 200 meters of its main road washed away. On August 9, the Jinshuai Hotel's (金帥溫泉大飯店) foundations were washed away, and the eight-story hotel toppled over into the Zhiben River. Soon afterward, the top three floors of the hotel were washed away.[61][62]

The TRA South Link Line was also hard hit, with two of its bridges being washed away in Taimali Township.[63] The Taimali River also flooded, destroying a large portion of Taihe Village in Taimali.[64][65]

Other counties

In Chiayi County, embankments along the Bazhang and Puzi rivers collapsed, causing flooding in Puzi Township.[66] Since the coastal areas are lower in elevation, there was also widespread flooding in Dongshi, Budai, and Yizhu.[67] Many villages in Alishan, Meishan, Zhuqi townships saw flooding and destruction done to their infrastructure. The Alishan Forest Railway saw some serious damage, and repairs took about a year.[68][69]

Central and North Taiwan saw some less severe flooding, with the most serious in Dacheng and Erlin in Changhua County.

China

During a four-day span, Morakot produced up to 1,240 mm (49 in) of rain in Zhejiang province, the highest total in nearly 60 years in the province. A landslide in Pengxi, at the foot of a mountain, destroyed a three-story apartment building, with six people inside. All six were recovered from the rubble of the structure. However, two later died of their injuries.[17] In Wenzhou, a large landslide destroyed six apartment buildings, burying an unknown number of people, some of whom were feared dead.[70] One person was killed after torrential rains caused the house he was in to collapse, as well as four other nearby homes.[71]

In Xiapu county, the location of Morakot's landfall in China, 136,000 people reported damage to their homes from flooding or landslides. The fishing sector of the local industry sustained roughly 200 million yuan (US$29 million) in losses. Fourteen townships in the county were flooded. An estimated 3.4 million people reported property damage throughout Zhejiang province, with at least 1,600 homes being destroyed.[71] At least 10,000 homes were damaged or destroyed by the storm and over 1 million acres (4,000 km2) of farmland was inundated by flooding. In China, damages from the storm amounted to $1.4 billion.[17] Over 11 million people were affected by Typhoon Morakot throughout eastern China.[72]

Oil deliveries

The typhoon has resulted in some identifiable but limited impact on oil deliveries to East Asian destinations. At least two fuel oil cargoes in East China were delayed due to Typhoon Morakot. This included 90,000-mt Venezuelan fuel oil cargo with Zhoushan in Zhejiang Province. There was a report that an 18,000-mt cargo of Singapore-origin with fuel oil on board for an August 10 delivery into Zhangjiagang in Jiangsu Province was postponed to August 15.

Many ports in East China were closed from August 8, including Waigaoqiao, Jinshan and Yangshan ports in Shanghai, Zhoushan and Ningbo ports in Zhejiang, Zhangjiagang, Nantong and Jiangyin ports in Jiangsu.

Aftermath

Taiwan

Wettest tropical cyclones and their remnants in Taiwan
Highest-known totals
Precipitation Storm Location Ref.
Rank mm in
1 3,060 120.47 Morakot 2009 Alishan, Chiayi [73]
2 2,319 91.30 Nari 2001 Wulai, New Taipei [74]
3 2,162 85.12 Flossie 1969 Beitou, Taipei [73]
4 1,987 78.23 Herb 1996 Alishan, Chiayi [75]
5 1,774 69.84 Saola 2012 Yilan City [76]
6 1,700 66.93 Lynn 1987 Taipei [77]
7 1,672 65.83 Clara 1967 Dongshan, Yilan [78]
8 1,611 63.43 Sinlaku 2008 Heping, Taichung [79]
9 1,561 61.46 Haitang 2005 Sandimen, Pingtung [80]
10 1,546 60.87 Aere 2004 Miaoli County [81]

After the typhoon, search-and-rescue teams were eventually deployed throughout Taiwan in response to numerous landslides and flash flooding. Helicopters were rushed to Siaolin to retrieve as many residents as possible and transport them to shelters. By August 11, nearly 300 residents were confirmed to have been moved to safety. During the afternoon, one helicopter crashed into a mountainside while carrying three crew members. All three crew members died. Continuing standards set up after the 1999 Jiji earthquake, the Government of Taiwan provided NT$1 million for each family member killed or missing and NT$250,000 for the critically injured.[82]

The military was dispatched with responding to the disasters all around the country with transporting food and aid around.[83] After the typhoon, soldiers were also used in cleanup and rebuilding.[84] An estimated 15,815 soldiers were used in total. With the assistance of firefighters and policemen, an estimated 41,752 people were rescued.[85] Due to the severity of the damage in Siaolin access to the area was restricted to military personnel only.[86] Major-General Richard Hu said it is still too early to state how many villagers had been buried, military rescuers just know that 90% of the homes of the three villages were buried by the landslide.[87][88]

On August 15, the Executive Yuan formed the "Typhoon Morakot Rebuilding Committee". The 37 person committee was given a budget of $116.5 million NTD to rebuild infrastructure and economic losses. The committee has built 3,481 permanent housing units in 40 locations and repaired most damaged roads.[89] However, there was controversy surrounding the relocation of people to these new housing units.[90] The Executive Yuan announced that all flags be placed at half-mast in mourning between August 22 and 24.[91]

After the flooding, many organizations began raising money for rebuilding in areas affected by the typhoon. Special programs were aired on national TV to fundraise. Additionally, a fundraising festival named "Spread the Love" was held, featuring prominent TV personalities Matilda Tao, Chang Hsiao-yen, and Shen Chun-hua. The event lasted for 7 hours and was aired on national TV and raised $500 million NTD. Many large corporations also donated money to the cause, including Chi Mei, Evergreen, Delta Electronics, Foxconn, Formosa Plastics, TSMC, Cathay United Bank, and Asus. The Chunghua Post released a special edition stamp, with all proceeds going to helping rebuild.

President Ma Ying-jeou and his administration have been criticised because of the slow response to Typhoon Morakot. The government was initially found to have rejected foreign aid, then to have quickly reversed that decision in response to criticism, citing that the rejection was only temporary. Vice Foreign Minister Andrew Hsia has tendered his resignation for authorizing Taiwan's diplomats to turn down foreign aid, a decision done without the consent of more senior officials.[92][93][94]

Immediately after the typhoon, large civilian and military search-and-rescue operations were deployed. Helicopters were sent to numerous mountain villages, including Siaolin, in an attempt to rescue locals who were unable to escape by foot.[citation needed] It was discovered that almost 400 people had vanished, and are presumed to have been buried alive when a massive mudflow wiped out 90 per cent of the village's homes.[citation needed] Similar stories have been reported from other small villages in the vicinity of this region.[citation needed]

 
A portion of the damaged Alishan Forest Railway pictured in April 2010

Rescue operations continue,[when?] with foreign aid coming in from the United States, Australia, Israel and several other European and Asian countries.[citation needed]

The record-breaking rains also caused catastrophic agricultural losses, with estimates reaching NT$14.59 billion (US$443 million).[95]

Fund raising shows such as Artistes 88 Fund Raising Campaign were held in Taiwan and Hong Kong.[96]

Taiwanese aborigines protested against the 14th Dalai Lama during his visit to Taiwan after Typhoon Morakot and denounced it as politically motivated.[97][98][99][100]

The Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits donated a total of $450 million Renminbi ($2 billion RMB) to rebuild. They specified that $150 million TWD be used on building 500 units of recovery housing and $1.7 billion TWD be used on rebuilding infrastructure.[101] The Mainland Affairs Council estimated that around $4 billion NTD was donated by China. Also, around $130 million NTD was donated by Taiwanese companies in China.[102][103][104]

The Xiaolin Village Memorial Park was opened in January 2012 to commemorate the village victims from the typhoon.

Philippines

The World Vision organization reported that they distributed roughly 40 gallons of water to 800 people. The National Disaster Coordinating Council declared a state of calamity for the Zambales region, as over 13,000 people were left homeless.[105]

Retirement

Due to the extensive damage and deaths caused by the storm, the name Morakot was later retired. The committee selected the name Atsani to replace "Morakot" on the Western Pacific basin name lists beginning in 2011, and was first used in the 2015 season.

See also

References

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External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Typhoon Morakot (2009).
  • JMA General Information of Typhoon Morakot (0908) from Digital Typhoon
  • RSMC Tokyo - Typhoon Center
    • Best Track Data of Typhoon Morakot (0908) (in Japanese)
    • Best Track Data (Graphics) of Typhoon Morakot (0908)
    • Best Track Data (Text)
  • JTWC Best Track Data of Typhoon 09W (Morakot)
  • 09W.MORAKOT from the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory
  •   Philippines hit by Typhoon "Kiko" (Morakot), dozens killed at Wikinews

January 30, 2023
typhoon, morakot, this, article, about, 2009, typhoon, other, storms, same, name, disambiguation, known, philippines, typhoon, kiko, deadliest, typhoon, impact, taiwan, recorded, history, eighth, named, storm, fourth, typhoon, 2009, pacific, typhoon, season, m. This article is about the 2009 typhoon For other storms of the same name see Typhoon Morakot disambiguation Typhoon Morakot known in the Philippines as Typhoon Kiko was the deadliest typhoon to impact Taiwan in recorded history The eighth named storm and fourth typhoon of the 2009 Pacific typhoon season Morakot wrought catastrophic damage in Taiwan leaving 673 people dead and 26 missing and causing roughly NT 110 billion US 3 3 billion in damages Morakot originated as a tropical depression in the West Pacific on August 2 The system initially moved northeastward before taking a westward track developing into a tropical storm on August 3 with the JMA giving it the name Morakot The storm gradually strengthened as it moved towards Taiwan intensifying into a Category 1 equivalent typhoon on August 5 Morakot reached its peak intensity on August 7 with a minimum central pressure of 945 millibars 27 9 inHg maximum 10 minute sustained winds of 140 km h 85 mph and maximum 1 minute sustained winds of 150 km h 90 mph Afterward Morakot s forward motion slowed and the system gradually weakened making landfall on central Taiwan later that day as a severe tropical storm Over the next day Morakot slowly meandered over Taiwan before emerging into the Taiwan Strait and turning northward making landfall on Mainland China on August 9 Afterward Morakot accelerated northward while gradually weakening before later turning northeastward On August 11 Morakot degenerated into a remnant low in the East China Sea before dissipating on August 13 over northern Japan Typhoon Morakot Kiko Typhoon JMA scale Category 1 typhoon SSHWS Typhoon Morakot approaching Taiwan on August 7FormedAugust 2 2009DissipatedAugust 13 2009 Extratropical after August 11 Highest winds10 minute sustained 140 km h 85 mph 1 minute sustained 150 km h 90 mph Lowest pressure945 hPa mbar 27 91 inHgFatalities789 totalDamage 6 2 billion 2009 USD Areas affectedPhilippines Japan Taiwan China South Korea North KoreaPart of the 2009 Pacific typhoon seasonThe storm produced copious amounts of rainfall peaking at 2 777 mm 109 3 in far surpassing the previous record of 1 736 mm 68 35 in set by Typhoon Herb in 1996 The extreme amount of rain triggered enormous mudflows and severe flooding throughout southern Taiwan One landslide and subsequent flood destroyed the entire town of Siaolin killing over 400 people The slow moving storm also caused widespread damage in China leaving eight people dead and causing 1 4 billion 2009 USD in damages Nearly 2 000 homes were destroyed in the country and 136 000 more were reported to have sustained damage In the wake of the storm Taiwan s government faced extreme criticism for the slow response to the disaster and for initially deploying only roughly 2 100 soldiers to the affected regions Later the number of soldiers working to recover trapped residents increased to 46 000 Rescue crews were able to retrieve thousands of trapped residents from buried villages and isolated towns across the island Days later Taiwan s president Ma Ying jeou apologized for the government s slow response publicly On August 19 the Taiwan government announced that they would start a NT 100 billion US 3 billion reconstruction plan that would take place over a three year span in the devastated regions of southern Taiwan 1 Days after the storm international aid began to be sent to the island The storm also caused severe flooding in the northern Philippines that killed 26 people due to the enhancement of the southwest monsoon Contents 1 Meteorological history 2 Preparations 2 1 Japan 2 2 Philippines 2 3 Taiwan 2 4 China 3 Impact 3 1 Japan 3 2 Philippines 3 3 Taiwan 3 3 1 Nantou County 3 3 2 Kaohsiung County 3 3 3 Pingtung County 3 3 4 Taitung County 3 3 5 Other counties 3 4 China 3 5 Oil deliveries 4 Aftermath 4 1 Taiwan 4 2 Philippines 5 Retirement 6 See also 7 References 8 External linksMeteorological history Edit Map plotting the storm s track and intensity according to the Saffir Simpson scaleMap keySaffir Simpson scale Tropical depression 38 mph 62 km h Tropical storm 39 73 mph 63 118 km h Category 1 74 95 mph 119 153 km h Category 2 96 110 mph 154 177 km h Category 3 111 129 mph 178 208 km h Category 4 130 156 mph 209 251 km h Category 5 157 mph 252 km h Unknown Storm type Tropical cyclone Subtropical cyclone Extratropical cyclone Remnant low Tropical disturbance Monsoon depression Early on August 2 2009 the Japan Meteorological Agency JMA reported that a tropical depression had formed within a monsoon trough located about 1 000 km 620 mi east of Luzon 2 3 However the depression remained weak and was downgraded to an area of low pressure before regenerating later that day 4 5 6 Both the Joint Typhoon Warning Center JTWC and the Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration PAGASA then started to monitor the depression early the next day while it was located about 700 km 430 mi to the southeast of Okinawa Japan with the PAGASA assigning the name Kiko to the depression 3 7 The JTWC reported at this time that the storm consisted of an area of convection with deep convection flaring on the western side of a partially exposed low level circulation center 3 Later on August 3 the JMA reported that the depression had intensified into a tropical storm and gave it the name Morakot The JTWC further designated the system as Tropical Depression 09W as deep convection had increased over the low level circulation center and the agency reported that the storm was moving around a low level ridge of high pressure which was located to the east of the Morakot s low level circulation center On the morning of August 4 the JTWC reported that the Morakot had steadily intensified into a tropical storm as 1 minute sustained wind speeds were estimated to be near 65 km h 40 mph with deep convective banding building toward the low level circulation center under the influence of a subtropical ridge located to the east of the system Later that day the JMA reported that Morakot had intensified into a severe tropical storm before it was upgraded to a typhoon by both the JMA and the JTWC early the next day Initially the JTWC anticipated that Morakot would intensify into a powerful typhoon while approaching China peaking as a Category 4 equivalent typhoon on the Saffir Simpson Hurricane Scale SSHWS However due to the size of the typhoon while the barometric pressure steadily decreased the maximum winds only increased slightly Early on August 7 the storm attained its peak intensity with a central minimum pressure of 945 millibars 27 9 inHg and maximum 10 minute sustained winds of 140 km h 85 mph according to the JMA The JTWC reported the storm to be slightly stronger with maximum 1 minute winds peaking at 150 km h 90 mph the equivalent of a Category 1 hurricane on the Saffir Simpson Hurricane Scale Morakot s forward motion slowed and the storm weakened slightly before making landfall in central Taiwan later that day as a severe tropical storm Roughly 24 hours later the storm emerged back over water into the Taiwan Strait and turned northward before making landfall in Mainland China on August 9 as a severe tropical storm The storm gradually weakened as it continued to slowly track inland with the storm s forward motion gradually increasing with the system eventually turning northeastward on August 11 Later that day Morakot degenerated into a remnant low in the East China Sea before making landfall on South Korea early on the next day and then making another landfall on northern Japan on August 13 The remnants of the typhoon dissipated shortly afterward Preparations Edit Tropical Storm Morakot over eastern China on August 9 Japan Edit At 0000 UTC on August 3 the JMA placed the Moji and Yokohama navtex areas under a gale warning six hours later they also placed the Naha navtex area under a gale warning 8 9 Later that day at 1800 UTC the JMA canceled the gale warnings for the Yokohama navtex area however at 0600 UTC the next morning the gale warning for Yokohama was reissued 10 11 The JMA kept these warnings in force before they were upgraded to a typhoon warnings as Morakot intensified into a typhoon on August 5 12 Early the next day US military installations on Okinawa raised their Tropical Cyclone Condition of Readiness TCCOR from level 4 to level 3 which meant that winds exceeding 50 knots 93 km h 57 mph were expected to affect Okinawa within 48 hours 13 This came as the JMA canceled the warning for Yokohama Philippines Edit From their first warning PAGASA warned that the depression was expected to enhance the Southwest Monsoon and bring occasional heavy rain over Luzon and Western Visayas 7 However early on August 6 they placed the Batanes in Northern Luzon under Public Storm Warning Signal 1 PSWS 1 which meant that winds of up to 35 kn 65 km h were expected in Batanes within 36 hours They then placed Northern Cagayan Apayao Ilocos and Norte under PSWS 1 later that day as it moved toward Taiwan They kept these warnings in place until early on August 8 when they revised the warnings downgrading the signal for Northern Cagayan Apayao Ilocos and Norte while putting Babuyan and Calayan Islands under PSWS 1 and then early the next day PAGASA released their final warning and downgrade all signals for the Philippines 14 Taiwan Edit August 5 2009 20 30 the Central Weather Bureau of Taiwan issued a Sea Typhoon Alert for Morakot August 6 2009 Severe Tropical Storm Morakot intensified into a typhoon August 7 2009 Morakot was closing in on Taiwan It moved very slowly and it made landfall just before midnight August 8 2009 After midnight most of the districts in south Taiwan recorded heavy rainfall China Edit More than 953 000 residents and more than 35 000 boats were evacuated back to shore in the eastern and southeastern provinces of the People s Republic of China 15 A fishing boat capsized with nine fishermen missing 16 In all roughly 1 5 million residents were evacuated ahead of the typhoon 17 A total of 34 000 watercraft sought refuge ahead of the storm 18 Impact EditJapan Edit On Thursday August 6 shortly after midday Morakot lashed Okinawa Honto with wind gusts as high as 65 mph 105 km h 19 stranding thousands of summer holiday air travelers Naha Airport experienced east crosswinds of 50 mph 80 km h which almost completely shut down the airport Domestic and international airlines reported 252 flights canceled stranding 41 648 passengers at the peak of the summer Obon holidays Some Kadena based U S aircraft were evacuated ahead of Morakot 19 The southernmost island groups of Yaeyama including Yonaguni and Ishigaki were affected by gale or storm force winds Philippines Edit Flooding in the Philippines In the Philippines eleven villages Pagudpod San Juan Baton lapoc Carael Tampo Paco San Miguel Bining Bangan and Capayawan were submerged in 4 to 5 foot deep 1 2 to 1 5 m floods after the Pinatubo Dike overflowed around 4 00 p m on August 6 2009 20 Joint military and police rescue teams rescued 3 Koreans and 9 Canadian nationals About 29 000 people were affected by Morakot nine people were confirmed dead 21 22 Three French tourists and two Filipino guides were killed in a flash flood caused by a landslide Thousands were trapped on rooftops or in trees awaiting helicopter rescue attempts and thousands lost their homes At least two people died due to flooding Landslides claimed the lives of no less than twelve miners after a mine caved in Schools suspended their classes in the hardest hit area and highways closed due to landslides 23 Taiwan Edit source source source source source source source source source source The coast of Keelung Taiwan where schools were closed ahead of the typhoon Morakot caused landslides severe floods blew down trees and billboards and stripped roofs from buildings 24 After Morakot landed at midnight on August 8 almost the entire southern region of Taiwan Chiayi County Chiayi City Tainan County Tainan City now merged as Tainan Kaohsiung County Kaohsiung City now merged as Kaohsiung and Pingtung County and parts of Taitung County and Nantou County were flooded by record breaking heavy rain The rainfall in Pingtung County exceeded 2 600 millimetres 100 in breaking all rainfall records of any single place in Taiwan induced by a single typhoon 25 Airlines in Taiwan did hold some flights in and out of airports but seaports were closed Electricity supplies were cut to approximately 25 000 homes 26 Siaolin Village a mountain village with 1 300 residents in Jiasian Township was buried by a massive landslide and subsequent flood that destroyed the town and resulted in 465 deaths 27 It was reported that all roads toward Namasia Township were either blocked or washed away by severe mudflows Hundreds of residents were trapped for four days and were running out of food and water In addition water and electricity had been cut 28 Other affected areas included the Taimali River mouth the Zhiben River catchment the Gaoping River bridge linking Linyuan and Xinyuan townships at the boundary between Kaohsiung and Pingtung counties and several catchments in Pingtung County where the rivers flow into the Taiwan Strait 29 A rescue helicopter working to retrieve survivors of the mudflow crashed into a mountain side early on August 11 killing the three occupants Crews were unable to reach the wreckage due to the steep terrain 30 A swollen river in Taitung County undermined 51 homes and swept them away into the Pacific leaving numerous residents homeless No people were in the homes when they collapsed into the river 31 In the famous Zhiben Hot Springs area the six story Jinshuai Hotel was destroyed when it collapsed into the Zhiben River after being undermined by flood waters Several stores in front of the hotel were washed away days earlier as the river continued to overflow its banks and inundate nearby towns and cities Running water in Tainan County to 280 000 was shut down as flood waters contaminated the local reservoir 32 Twenty bridges were destroyed due to the typhoon with eight being on a Provincial Highway Seven of those on a highway were in Kaohsiung or Pingtung 33 34 35 Additionally at least 16 landslide dams were formed during the typhoon 36 37 38 Most of the damage done to railways are located in the south on the Pingtung Taitung and South Link lines Also the Alishan Forest Railway saw some serious damage 39 According to the Ministry of Education 1 273 schools were affected by the typhoon accumulating a loss of 1 87 billion NTD The National Museum of Prehistory National Science and Technology Museum and Fonghuanggu Bird and Ecology Park were all damaged by the typhoon 40 41 According to statistics of the Morakot Post Disaster Reconstruction Council up to February 4 2010 the disaster resulted in 677 deaths 4 severely injured and 22 missing persons as well as an additional 25 bodies that were not identified a total of 728 persons cases 42 The record breaking rains also caused catastrophic agricultural losses with estimates reaching NT 9 billion US 274 million At its peak roughly 1 58 million were without power across the island and over 710 000 were without water pressure 43 Tourism losses due to the typhoon were estimated to be at least NT 800 million US 24 4 million 44 The Council of Agriculture estimates that a total of NT 19 217 billion US 605 million was lost due to the typhoon making it the second costliest typhoon behind Typhoon Herb in 1996 Out of this farms lost NT 12 9 billion fisheries lost NT 4 7 billion and livestock lost NT 1 6 billion 45 Provincial Highway 16 collapsed causing seven cars to be washed into the Zhuoshui River However Morakot also ended a month long drought and replenished reservoirs enough to warrant an end to water rationing 46 Typhoon Morakot caused Zengwen Reservoir which was originally short on water to suddenly exceed capacity 47 48 In response to the excess water the reservoir released over 100 000 000 liters of water which is about 80 of the dam s total capacity 49 50 The release of water caused severe flooding along the Zengwen River in Xiaobei Village in Madou Township the water level reached a story high 51 The Little Three Links between Kinmen of the Republic of China and Xiamen of the People s Republic of China was suspended Almost all reservoirs in Kinmen County were full Winds at Force 13 on the Beaufort scale were recorded in the Matsu Islands National Disaster Prevention and Protection Commission is the task force grouped committee authorized by the law of Disaster Prevention and Protection 52 Nantou County Edit A broken bridge on the TRA South link line in Taimali Township The most damage done to Nantou County was in Xinyi which had the greatest rainfall in the county 53 The currents of the Chenyoulan River caused the foundations of roads and buildings to be wiped away 54 A building in Longhua Elementary School tilted 30 degrees as a result of the foundations being washed away and was on the verge of falling into the river 55 Provincial Highway 16 collapsed between Jiji and Shuili causing seven cars to be washed into the Zhuoshui River So far only four out of fifteen bodies have been recovered 56 Kaohsiung County Edit Kaohsiung County saw over 2 500 millimeters of rainfall within three days Kaohsiung typically receives the same amount of rain in a year The rain brought severe floods on the plains and landslides in the mountains On August 14 Xiaolin Village was completely covered due to a landslide causing the deaths of 398 people Due to the rain many bridges were washed away including those on Provincial Highways 20 21 and 27 and the bridge to the Maolin National Scenic Area 14 people went missing after a weir under construction was washed away 57 Pingtung County Edit Pingtung County is one of the areas hardest hit by the typhoon Due to the collapse of embankment along the Linbian River there was severe flooding in Linbian and Jiadong with Jiadong reporting flood depths of two stories Embankments along the Laonong River also collapsed causing flooding in Gaoshu A bridge on Provincial Highway 24 collapsed effectively cutting off Wutai Township from the rest of the country According to the Water Resources Agency the area with the highest rainfall was in Wanluan Township with 135 millimeters per hour The total highest rainfall was recorded in Sandimen Township with over 2500 millimeters 58 The railways in Pingtung also took a huge hit with the Pingtung Line taking 6 months to repair 59 Linbian Train Station s train tracks were entirely covered in mud after severe flooding there 60 Taitung County Edit Most of the flooding in Taitung County occurred in the south part of the county with Daren Taimali and Dawu Townships being especially hard hit Flooding was especially serious in Zhiben Hot Springs with 200 meters of its main road washed away On August 9 the Jinshuai Hotel s 金帥溫泉大飯店 foundations were washed away and the eight story hotel toppled over into the Zhiben River Soon afterward the top three floors of the hotel were washed away 61 62 The TRA South Link Line was also hard hit with two of its bridges being washed away in Taimali Township 63 The Taimali River also flooded destroying a large portion of Taihe Village in Taimali 64 65 Other counties Edit In Chiayi County embankments along the Bazhang and Puzi rivers collapsed causing flooding in Puzi Township 66 Since the coastal areas are lower in elevation there was also widespread flooding in Dongshi Budai and Yizhu 67 Many villages in Alishan Meishan Zhuqi townships saw flooding and destruction done to their infrastructure The Alishan Forest Railway saw some serious damage and repairs took about a year 68 69 Central and North Taiwan saw some less severe flooding with the most serious in Dacheng and Erlin in Changhua County China Edit During a four day span Morakot produced up to 1 240 mm 49 in of rain in Zhejiang province the highest total in nearly 60 years in the province A landslide in Pengxi at the foot of a mountain destroyed a three story apartment building with six people inside All six were recovered from the rubble of the structure However two later died of their injuries 17 In Wenzhou a large landslide destroyed six apartment buildings burying an unknown number of people some of whom were feared dead 70 One person was killed after torrential rains caused the house he was in to collapse as well as four other nearby homes 71 In Xiapu county the location of Morakot s landfall in China 136 000 people reported damage to their homes from flooding or landslides The fishing sector of the local industry sustained roughly 200 million yuan US 29 million in losses Fourteen townships in the county were flooded An estimated 3 4 million people reported property damage throughout Zhejiang province with at least 1 600 homes being destroyed 71 At least 10 000 homes were damaged or destroyed by the storm and over 1 million acres 4 000 km2 of farmland was inundated by flooding In China damages from the storm amounted to 1 4 billion 17 Over 11 million people were affected by Typhoon Morakot throughout eastern China 72 Oil deliveries Edit The typhoon has resulted in some identifiable but limited impact on oil deliveries to East Asian destinations At least two fuel oil cargoes in East China were delayed due to Typhoon Morakot This included 90 000 mt Venezuelan fuel oil cargo with Zhoushan in Zhejiang Province There was a report that an 18 000 mt cargo of Singapore origin with fuel oil on board for an August 10 delivery into Zhangjiagang in Jiangsu Province was postponed to August 15 Many ports in East China were closed from August 8 including Waigaoqiao Jinshan and Yangshan ports in Shanghai Zhoushan and Ningbo ports in Zhejiang Zhangjiagang Nantong and Jiangyin ports in Jiangsu Aftermath EditTaiwan Edit Wettest tropical cyclones and their remnants in TaiwanHighest known totals Precipitation Storm Location Ref Rank mm in1 3 060 120 47 Morakot 2009 Alishan Chiayi 73 2 2 319 91 30 Nari 2001 Wulai New Taipei 74 3 2 162 85 12 Flossie 1969 Beitou Taipei 73 4 1 987 78 23 Herb 1996 Alishan Chiayi 75 5 1 774 69 84 Saola 2012 Yilan City 76 6 1 700 66 93 Lynn 1987 Taipei 77 7 1 672 65 83 Clara 1967 Dongshan Yilan 78 8 1 611 63 43 Sinlaku 2008 Heping Taichung 79 9 1 561 61 46 Haitang 2005 Sandimen Pingtung 80 10 1 546 60 87 Aere 2004 Miaoli County 81 After the typhoon search and rescue teams were eventually deployed throughout Taiwan in response to numerous landslides and flash flooding Helicopters were rushed to Siaolin to retrieve as many residents as possible and transport them to shelters By August 11 nearly 300 residents were confirmed to have been moved to safety During the afternoon one helicopter crashed into a mountainside while carrying three crew members All three crew members died Continuing standards set up after the 1999 Jiji earthquake the Government of Taiwan provided NT 1 million for each family member killed or missing and NT 250 000 for the critically injured 82 The military was dispatched with responding to the disasters all around the country with transporting food and aid around 83 After the typhoon soldiers were also used in cleanup and rebuilding 84 An estimated 15 815 soldiers were used in total With the assistance of firefighters and policemen an estimated 41 752 people were rescued 85 Due to the severity of the damage in Siaolin access to the area was restricted to military personnel only 86 Major General Richard Hu said it is still too early to state how many villagers had been buried military rescuers just know that 90 of the homes of the three villages were buried by the landslide 87 88 On August 15 the Executive Yuan formed the Typhoon Morakot Rebuilding Committee The 37 person committee was given a budget of 116 5 million NTD to rebuild infrastructure and economic losses The committee has built 3 481 permanent housing units in 40 locations and repaired most damaged roads 89 However there was controversy surrounding the relocation of people to these new housing units 90 The Executive Yuan announced that all flags be placed at half mast in mourning between August 22 and 24 91 After the flooding many organizations began raising money for rebuilding in areas affected by the typhoon Special programs were aired on national TV to fundraise Additionally a fundraising festival named Spread the Love was held featuring prominent TV personalities Matilda Tao Chang Hsiao yen and Shen Chun hua The event lasted for 7 hours and was aired on national TV and raised 500 million NTD Many large corporations also donated money to the cause including Chi Mei Evergreen Delta Electronics Foxconn Formosa Plastics TSMC Cathay United Bank and Asus The Chunghua Post released a special edition stamp with all proceeds going to helping rebuild President Ma Ying jeou and his administration have been criticised because of the slow response to Typhoon Morakot The government was initially found to have rejected foreign aid then to have quickly reversed that decision in response to criticism citing that the rejection was only temporary Vice Foreign Minister Andrew Hsia has tendered his resignation for authorizing Taiwan s diplomats to turn down foreign aid a decision done without the consent of more senior officials 92 93 94 Immediately after the typhoon large civilian and military search and rescue operations were deployed Helicopters were sent to numerous mountain villages including Siaolin in an attempt to rescue locals who were unable to escape by foot citation needed It was discovered that almost 400 people had vanished and are presumed to have been buried alive when a massive mudflow wiped out 90 per cent of the village s homes citation needed Similar stories have been reported from other small villages in the vicinity of this region citation needed A portion of the damaged Alishan Forest Railway pictured in April 2010 Rescue operations continue when with foreign aid coming in from the United States Australia Israel and several other European and Asian countries citation needed The record breaking rains also caused catastrophic agricultural losses with estimates reaching NT 14 59 billion US 443 million 95 Fund raising shows such as Artistes 88 Fund Raising Campaign were held in Taiwan and Hong Kong 96 Taiwanese aborigines protested against the 14th Dalai Lama during his visit to Taiwan after Typhoon Morakot and denounced it as politically motivated 97 98 99 100 The Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits donated a total of 450 million Renminbi 2 billion RMB to rebuild They specified that 150 million TWD be used on building 500 units of recovery housing and 1 7 billion TWD be used on rebuilding infrastructure 101 The Mainland Affairs Council estimated that around 4 billion NTD was donated by China Also around 130 million NTD was donated by Taiwanese companies in China 102 103 104 The Xiaolin Village Memorial Park was opened in January 2012 to commemorate the village victims from the typhoon Philippines Edit The World Vision organization reported that they distributed roughly 40 gallons of water to 800 people The National Disaster Coordinating Council declared a state of calamity for the Zambales region as over 13 000 people were left homeless 105 Retirement EditDue to the extensive damage and deaths caused by the storm the name Morakot was later retired The committee selected the name Atsani to replace Morakot on the Western Pacific basin name lists beginning in 2011 and was first used in the 2015 season See also Edit Tropical cyclones portal Taiwan portal China portalList of wettest tropical cyclones Typhoon Haitang 2005 Typhoon Fanapi 2010 Typhoon Saola 2012 Tropical Storm Trami 2013 Typhoon Soudelor 2015 References Edit Staff Writer 2009 08 20 Billions allocated for reconstruction in wake of typhoon Morakot AsiaNews Retrieved 2009 08 21 JMA WWJP25 Advisory 02 08 2009 00z Japan Meteorological Agency 2009 08 02 Retrieved 2009 08 02 permanent dead link a b c Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and Southern Pacific oceans 03 08 2009 00z Joint Typhoon Warning Center 2009 08 03 Retrieved 2009 08 09 permanent dead link JMA WWJP25 Advisory 02 08 2009 06z Japan Meteorological Agency 2009 08 02 Retrieved 2009 08 02 permanent dead link JMA WWJP25 Advisory 02 08 2009 12z Japan Meteorological Agency 2009 08 02 Retrieved 2009 08 02 permanent dead link JMA WWJP25 Advisory 02 08 2009 18z Japan Meteorological Agency 2009 08 02 Retrieved 2009 08 02 permanent dead link a b PAGASA Advisory 2009 08 03 21z Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration 2009 08 03 Archived from the original on July 26 2009 Retrieved 2009 08 09 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint unfit URL link JMA WWJP Warnings 03 08 2009 00z Japan Meteorological Agency 2009 08 03 Retrieved 2009 08 14 permanent dead link JMA WWJP 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PNN公視新聞議題中心 Archived from the original on February 1 2016 Retrieved 2013 04 17 台灣將為颱風死者哀悼三天 in Chinese China BBC中文網 2009 08 20 Retrieved 2009 08 20 Taiwan President Is Target of Anger After Typhoon Death Toll Is Still Rising After Storm in Taiwan MORAKOT THE AFTERMATH MOFA s Hsia tenders resignation Taipei Times 莫拉克災情 461死192失蹤 Lin Kuen shu CNA August 25 2009 Retrieved 2009 08 25 把愛傳出去 88賑災晚會 AFP Aug 31 2009 Protesters accuse Dalai Lama of staging political show in Taiwan asiaone news Archived from the original on March 4 2016 Wang Amber August 31 2009 Dalai Lama visits Taiwan typhoon victims The Sydney Morning Herald Staff Writers Aug 31 2009 Dalai Lama visits Taiwan typhoon victims amid Chinese anger Terra Daily Kaohsiung Taiwan AFP picture 12 of 21 1 海協會捐助莫拉克風災災區重建款項於1月21日送交內政部賑災專戶 八八水災大陸捐款 台灣實收已逾新台幣33億 2010 08 26 17 45 23 陸委會 八八水災大陸捐款約40億元 中廣新聞網 2010 08 27 台企聯捐款千萬給海基會轉捐內政部 permanent dead link World Vision 2009 08 11 Philippines World Vision provides aid after Typhoon Morakot Reuters Retrieved 2009 08 11 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Typhoon Morakot 2009 JMA General Information of Typhoon Morakot 0908 from Digital Typhoon RSMC Tokyo Typhoon Center Best Track Data of Typhoon Morakot 0908 in Japanese Best Track Data Graphics of Typhoon Morakot 0908 Best Track Data Text JTWC Best Track Data of Typhoon 09W Morakot 09W MORAKOT from the U S Naval Research Laboratory Typhoon Morakot Relief Efforts Philippines hit by Typhoon Kiko Morakot dozens killed at Wikinews Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Typhoon Morakot amp oldid 1128641304, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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