T. proximus is a slender snake with a very long tail, approximately one-third of the total length of the body. Dorsally, T. proximus is blackish, brown, or olive with three light-colored stripes. Ventrally, it is greenish-white or yellowish-white. The upper labials are whitish and unmarked, contrasting with the dark top and sides of the head.[3]
Adults measure 17–50 in (43–127 cm) in total length (including the tail).[4]
Subspeciesedit
Six subspecies of the western ribbon snake (T. proximus) are recognized as being valid, including the nominate subspecies.[2]
T. p. alpinusRossman, 1963 – Chiapas Highlands ribbon snake
T. p. diabolicusRossman, 1963 – arid land ribbon snake
T. p. orariusRossman, 1963 – Gulf Coast ribbon snake
T. p. proximus(Say, 1823) – orangestripe ribbon snake, western ribbon snake
T. p. rutiloris(Cope, 1885) – Mexican ribbon snake
Nota bene: A trinomial authority in parentheses indicates that the subspecies was originally described in a genus other than Thamnophis.
Referencesedit
^Chaves, G.; Lamar, W.; Porras, L.W.; Solórzano, A.; Sunyer, J.; Hammerson, G.A. (2013). "Thamnophis proximus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2013: e.T198522A2529292. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-2.RLTS.T198522A2529292.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
^ abSpecies Thamnophis proximus at The Reptile Database . www.reptile-database.org.
^Schmidt KP, Davis DD (1941). Field Book of Snakes of the United States and Canada. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons. 365 pp., 34 Plates. (Thamnophis sauritus proximus, pp. 256-257 + Plate 28).
^Wright AH, Wright AA (1957). Handbook of Snakes of the United States and Canada. Ithaca and London: Comstock Publishing Associates, a Division of Cornell University Press. 1,105 pp. (in two volumes). (Thamnophis sauritus proximus, pp. 827-832, Figures 239, 240 + Map 59 on p. 767).
Further readingedit
Behler JL, King FW (1979). The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Reptiles and Amphibians. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. 743 pp. ISBN0-394-50824-6. (Thamnophis proximus, pp. 670–671 + Plates 531, 544).
Conant R (1975). A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America, Second Edition. (Illustrated by Isabelle Hunt Conant). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. xviii + 429 pp. + Plates 1-48. ISBN0-395-19979-4 (hardcover), ISBN0-395-19977-8 (paperback). (Thamnophis proximus, pp. 165–166 + Plate 23 + Map 120).
Conant R, Bridges W (1939). What Snake Is That? A Field Guide to the Snakes of the United States East of the Rocky Mountains. (With 108 drawings by Edmond Malnate). New York and London: D. Appleton-Century Company. Frontispiece map + viii +163 pp. + Plates A-C, 1-32. (Thamnophis sauritus proximus, pp. 122–123 + Plate 23, figure 69A).
Powell R, Conant R, Collins JT (2016). Peterson Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America, Fourth Edition. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. xiv + 494 pp., 47 Plates, 207 Figures. ISBN978-0-544-12997-9. (Thamnophis proximus, pp. 428–429 + Plate 42).
Rossman DA (1963). "The Colubrid Snake Genus Thamnophis: A Revision of the sauritus Group". Bulletin of the Florida State Museum7 (3): 99–178.
Say T (1823). In:James E (1823). Account of an Expedition from Pittsburgh to the Rocky Mountains, Performed in the Years 1819 and '20, by Order of the Hon. J.C. Calhoun, Sec'y of War: Under the Command of Major Stephen H. Long. From the Notes of Major Long, Mr. T. Say, and other Gentlemen of the Exploring Party. Vol. I. Philadelphia: H.C. Carey and I. Lea. 503 pp. (Coluber proximus, new species, p. 187).
Smith HM, Brodie ED Jr (1982). Reptiles of North America: A Guide to Field Identification. New York: Golden Press. 240 pp. ISBN0-307-13666-3 (paperback), ISBN0-307-47009-1 (hardcover). (Thamnophis proximus, pp. 146–147).
External linksedit
Media related to Thamnophis proximus at Wikimedia Commons
Thamnophis proximus, Illinois Natural History Survey
Discover Life - Colubridae: Thamnophis proximus
Encyclopedia of Life - Thamnophis proximus
ITIS - Thamnophis proximus
Western Ribbon Snake, Reptiles and Amphibians of Iowa.
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thamnophis, proximus, this, article, external, links, follow, wikipedia, policies, guidelines, please, improve, this, article, removing, excessive, inappropriate, external, links, converting, useful, links, where, appropriate, into, footnote, references, octob. This article s use of external links may not follow Wikipedia s policies or guidelines Please improve this article by removing excessive or inappropriate external links and converting useful links where appropriate into footnote references October 2023 Learn how and when to remove this template message Thamnophis proximus commonly known as the western ribbon snake is a species of garter snake in the subfamily Natricinae of the family Colubridae The species is endemic to the western United States Mexico and Central America The species has six recognized subspecies Thamnophis proximusConservation statusLeast Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass ReptiliaOrder SquamataSuborder SerpentesFamily ColubridaeGenus ThamnophisSpecies T proximusBinomial nameThamnophis proximus Say 1823 Synonyms 2 Coluber proximus Say 1823 Eutaenia proxima Baird amp Girard 1853 Thamnophis proxima Garman 1892 Thamnophis saurita proxima Barbour amp Cole 1906 Thamnophis sauritus proximus Burt 1935 Thamnophis proximus Rossman 1963 Contents 1 Description 2 Subspecies 3 References 4 Further reading 5 External linksDescription editT proximus is a slender snake with a very long tail approximately one third of the total length of the body Dorsally T proximus is blackish brown or olive with three light colored stripes Ventrally it is greenish white or yellowish white The upper labials are whitish and unmarked contrasting with the dark top and sides of the head 3 Adults measure 17 50 in 43 127 cm in total length including the tail 4 Subspecies editSix subspecies of the western ribbon snake T proximus are recognized as being valid including the nominate subspecies 2 T p alpinus Rossman 1963 Chiapas Highlands ribbon snake T p diabolicus Rossman 1963 arid land ribbon snake T p orarius Rossman 1963 Gulf Coast ribbon snake T p proximus Say 1823 orangestripe ribbon snake western ribbon snake T p rubrilineatus Rossman 1963 redstripe ribbon snake T p rutiloris Cope 1885 Mexican ribbon snakeNota bene A trinomial authority in parentheses indicates that the subspecies was originally described in a genus other than Thamnophis References edit Chaves G Lamar W Porras L W Solorzano A Sunyer J Hammerson G A 2013 Thamnophis proximus IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013 e T198522A2529292 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2013 2 RLTS T198522A2529292 en Retrieved 19 November 2021 a b Species Thamnophis proximus at The Reptile Database www reptile database org Schmidt KP Davis DD 1941 Field Book of Snakes of the United States and Canada New York G P Putnam s Sons 365 pp 34 Plates Thamnophis sauritus proximus pp 256 257 Plate 28 Wright AH Wright AA 1957 Handbook of Snakes of the United States and Canada Ithaca and London Comstock Publishing Associates a Division of Cornell University Press 1 105 pp in two volumes Thamnophis sauritus proximus pp 827 832 Figures 239 240 Map 59 on p 767 Further reading editBehler JL King FW 1979 The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Reptiles and Amphibians New York Alfred A Knopf 743 pp ISBN 0 394 50824 6 Thamnophis proximus pp 670 671 Plates 531 544 Conant R 1975 A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America Second Edition Illustrated by Isabelle Hunt Conant Boston Houghton Mifflin Company xviii 429 pp Plates 1 48 ISBN 0 395 19979 4 hardcover ISBN 0 395 19977 8 paperback Thamnophis proximus pp 165 166 Plate 23 Map 120 Conant R Bridges W 1939 What Snake Is That A Field Guide to the Snakes of the United States East of the Rocky Mountains With 108 drawings by Edmond Malnate New York and London D Appleton Century Company Frontispiece map viii 163 pp Plates A C 1 32 Thamnophis sauritus proximus pp 122 123 Plate 23 figure 69A Powell R Conant R Collins JT 2016 Peterson Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America Fourth Edition Boston and New York Houghton Mifflin Harcourt xiv 494 pp 47 Plates 207 Figures ISBN 978 0 544 12997 9 Thamnophis proximus pp 428 429 Plate 42 Rossman DA 1963 The Colubrid Snake Genus Thamnophis A Revision of the sauritus Group Bulletin of the Florida State Museum 7 3 99 178 Say T 1823 In James E 1823 Account of an Expedition from Pittsburgh to the Rocky Mountains Performed in the Years 1819 and 20 by Order of the Hon J C Calhoun Sec y of War Under the Command of Major Stephen H Long From the Notes of Major Long Mr T Say and other Gentlemen of the Exploring Party Vol I Philadelphia H C Carey and I Lea 503 pp Coluber proximus new species p 187 Smith HM Brodie ED Jr 1982 Reptiles of North America A Guide to Field Identification New York Golden Press 240 pp ISBN 0 307 13666 3 paperback ISBN 0 307 47009 1 hardcover Thamnophis proximus pp 146 147 External links edit nbsp Media related to Thamnophis proximus at Wikimedia Commons Thamnophis proximus Illinois Natural History Survey Discover Life Colubridae Thamnophis proximus Encyclopedia of Life Thamnophis proximus ITIS Thamnophis proximus Western Ribbon Snake Reptiles and Amphibians of Iowa nbsp This article relating to Natricinae is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Thamnophis proximus amp oldid 1180859405, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
