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Teesta River

April 11, 2024

Teesta River is a 414 km (257 mi) long river that rises in the Pauhunri Mountain of eastern Himalayas, flows through the Indian states of Sikkim and West Bengal and subsequently enters Bangladesh through Rangpur division. In Bangladesh, it merges with Brahmaputra River which after meeting some other major rivers of the Bengal delta finally falls into the Bay of Bengal.[1] It drains an area of 12,540 km2 (4,840 sq mi).[2] In India, the Teesta flows through Mangan District, Gangtok District, Pakyong District, Kalimpong district, Darjeeling District, Jalpaiguri District, Cooch Behar districts and the cities of Rangpo, Jalpaiguri and Mekhliganj. In Bangladesh, it flows through Lalmonirhat District, Rangpur District, Kurigram District and Gaibandha District. It joins the Brahmaputra River at Phulchhari Upazila in Bangladesh. 305 km (190 mi) of the river lies in India and 109 km (68 mi) in Bangladesh. The Teesta is the largest river of Sikkim and second largest river of West Bengal after the Ganges.

Teesta River
Trisrotā
Teesta in Siliguri, West Bengal
Path of the Teesta
Source of Teesta river in Sikkim
Teesta River (India)
Location
Country
States
Important Bridges
District's
Towns & Cities
Physical characteristics
SourcePauhunri, Zemu Glacier, Gurudongmar Lake, Tso Lhamo Lake
 • locationSikkim, India
 • elevation7,128 m (23,386 ft)[1]
MouthBrahmaputra river
 • location
Phulchhari Upazila, Gaibandha, Bangladesh
Length414 km (257 mi)[1]
Basin size12,540 km2 (4,840 sq mi)[2]
Basin features
Tributaries 
 • left
 • right

Course edit

 
Teesta river near Gangtok
 
National Highway 10 winds along the banks of the Teesta River near Kalimpong.

The Teesta River originates from Teesta Khangtse Glacier, west of Pahunri (or Teesta Kangse) glacier above 5,400 m (17,700 ft), and flows southward through gorges and rapids in the Sikkim Himalaya.[3]

It is fed by streams from Tso Lhamo Lake, Gurudongmar Lake and rivulets arising in the Thangu Valley, Yumthang Valley of Flowers, Dikchu and Donkha mountain ranges. The river then flows past the towns of Chungthang, Singhik, Mangan, Dikchu and Makha, where some major tributaries like Kanaka river join it, and reaches Singtam, where it is spanned by the scenic Indreni Bridge. Also in Singtam, a large tributary of the Teesta called Ranikhola joins and then descends towards Bardang, Majitar, Mining where it is spanned by Rangpo - Mining Teesta Bridge and reaches the city of Rangpo where Rangpo River, the second largest tributary of the Teesta joins. From here river Teesta forms the border between Sikkim and West Bengal up to Teesta Bazaar via Melli. Just before the Teesta Bridge, where the roads from Kalimpong and Darjeeling join, the river is met by its largest tributary, the Rangeet River.[4]

After this point, Teesta river changes its course southwards flowing into West Bengal and some more tributaries like Relli River, Riyang river, Geil Khola etc joins. Than the river hits the plains at Sevoke, 22 km (14 mi) northeast of Siliguri, where it is spanned by the Coronation Bridge and Sevoke Railway Bridge linking the northeast states to the rest of India. After crossing Sevoke, the river is fed by some small tributaries like Chel Khola, Neora Khola, Leesh Khola etc, and than reaches Gajoldoba where there is Teesta Barrage. The river then flows through Jalpaiguri, where Jalpaiguri Teesta Bridge links Northeastern States. The river flows further down through Mekhliganj and Haldibari in Cooch Behar district, where it is spanned by Joyee Setu, the longest roadway bridge of West Bengal with length 3.8 kilometres.

Here the Teesta completes its journey in India and enters Bangladesh in Dahagram, Rangpur Division. The river descends towards Barakhata, where there is Teesta Barrage of Bangladesh. Further it reaches Rangpur and Lalmonirhat town in Lalmonirhat District and Nilphamari District. After crossing Tepamadhupur Bazaar, Nagrakura Bazaar, Sundarganj and Bozra Bazaar, river Teesta joins Brahmaputra River at Haripur Port near Gaibandha, Phulchhari Upazila in Kurigram District of Bangladesh.[5]

 
Gajoldoba Barrage on Teesta river

Geography edit

Through its course, the Teesta river has carved out ravines and gorges in Sikkim meandering through the hills with the hill station of Kalimpong lying just off the river and the city of Siliguri at the foothills of Himalaya. Variegated vegetation can be seen along this route. At lower elevations, tropical deciduous trees and shrubs cover the surrounding hills; alpine vegetation is seen at the upper altitudes. The river is flanked by white sand which is used by the construction industry in the region. Large boulders in and around the waters make it ideal for rafting.

Between Rangpo town and the railway bridge (popularly called Lohapul or iron bridge) on it as it enters the plains at Sevoke, the Teesta flows with a very strong current, ideal for white river rafting. Towns like Teesta Bazaar and Melli have facilities for group rafting. Though the river looks innocuous, the underlying current is very strong. In 1915, G.P. Robertson, the then Municipal Engineer of Darjeeling, drowned after losing control of the boat in the turbulence while surveying the river. The boat struck a partially hidden boulder and was sucked in by a whirlpool, leaving no trace of the occupants.

During the monsoon, Teesta river distends its banks; both in size and turbulence. Landslides in this region often dam up parts of the river in this season. It has also caused severe flooding, multiple times during monsoon in Bangladesh.[6][7]

Changes in course of rivers edit

 
James Rennell's 1776 map shows an earlier flow of the Teesta meeting the Ganges in three channels before a devastating flood in 1787 changed its course

In the past, the Teesta flowed south from Jalpaiguri in three channels: the Punarbhaba, Atrai and Karatoya Rivers. The Teesta changed course as a result of the flooding of 1787, turning southeast to become part of the Brahmaputra.[8]

Hydroelectric projects and barrages edit

 
Hydel project on the Dikchu, a tributary of Teesta
 
The Teesta Barrage is a major irrigation project in Bangladesh, in Lalmonirhat District. Construction started 1979 and was completed in 1997–98.[9]

India has an estimated total hydroelectric power potential of 84 GW at 60% load factor. Of this, Sikkim's potential share is 2.9%, or about 4.29 GW.[10]

The successfully completed major projects and dams of Teesta River System are as follows:

The other three completed projects are significantly smaller and minor—Lower Lagyap, Upper Rongni Chhu and Mayang Chhu projects.[10]

Water sharing challenge edit

Disputes over the appropriate allocation and development of the water resources of the river have remained a subject of conflict between India and Bangladesh for almost 35 years, with several bilateral agreements and rounds of talks failing to produce results.[26][27][28]

Negotiations have been going on since 1983.[29][30][31] In 1983, a temporary solution had been worked out— Bangladesh would get 36%, India would get 39% while the rest of the water remained unallocated.[30] Both countries signed a water sharing treaty in 1996 which would look into water sharing between the two countries in general following the Ganges water dispute.[30] The water sharing remains a challenge.[30]

Seismic concerns edit

Teesta river area is in the seismically active Zone-V and has experienced micro-seismic activity. According to India's Ministry of Environment & Forests, the Teesta river dam projects have been approved with the requirement that they adopt suitable seismic coefficient in the design for the dam, tunnel, surge shaft and power house. The projects are cascaded over the length of the river, do not store large amounts water, have small reservoirs, and therefore the projects are expected to have very low risk from the reservoir induced seismicity in the area.[10]

Climate and tectonics edit

The Teesta river has preserved good imprints of climatic and tectonics along its valleys and catchments. The interrelationship between climate, erosion, deposition and tectonic activities is not properly understood to date. These are being studied.[3][32][33]

2023 Teesta Flash Floods edit

Main article 2023 Teesta Flash Flood

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b c Mullick, M. R. A.; Babel, M. S. & Perret, S. R. (2011). "Discharge‐based economic valuation of irrigation water: Evidence from the Teesta River, Bangladesh". Irrigation and Drainage. 60 (4): 481−492. doi:10.1002/ird.597.
  2. ^ a b Rahaman, M. M. & Mamun, A. A. (2020). "Hydropower development along Teesta river basin: opportunities for cooperation". Water Policy. 22 (4): 641–657. doi:10.2166/wp.2020.136.
  3. ^ a b Meetei, L. I.; Pattanayak, S. K.; Bhaskar, A.; Pandit, M. K.; Tandon, S. K. (2007). "Climatic imprints in Quaternary valley fill deposits of the middle Teesta valley, Sikkim Himalaya". Quaternary International. 159 (1): 32–46. Bibcode:2007QuInt.159...32M. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2006.08.018.
  4. ^ Chaudhuri, Samita; Chaudhuri, Utpal (2015). And the Teesta Flows... Niyogi Books. p. 188. ISBN 978-93-83098-70-5.
  5. ^ Joshi, H. G. (2004). Sikkim: Past and Present. Mittal Publications. p. 1. ISBN 978-81-7099-932-4. Retrieved 8 September 2009.
  6. ^ Hossain, E.; Manik, R. K. (2021). "Fresh flood feared in Bangladesh as India opens Gajoldoba again". New Age. Lalmonirhat. Retrieved 2 November 2021.
  7. ^ Badal, L. A. (2021). "Nearly 2,000 families stranded as flood hits 15 Rangpur villages". Dhaka Tribune. Retrieved 2 November 2021.
  8. ^ Majumdar, R. C. (1971). History of Ancient Bengal. Calcutta: G. Bhardwaj & Co. pp. 4–5. OCLC 961157849.
  9. ^ Bari, M F. (2012). "Barrage". Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh. Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
  10. ^ a b c (PDF). Ministry of Environment, Forest, and Climate Change. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 October 2014.
  11. ^ . India Water Resources Information System. National Remote Sensing Centre. Government of India. Archived from the original on 18 October 2014. Retrieved 15 June 2014.
  12. ^ "Teesta Dam Chungthang Mangan district Sikkim. Constructed by - Teesta Urja Limited". teestaurja.com.
  13. ^ Choudhury, Subrata Nag; Hussain, Zarir (4 October 2023). "Floods in India's Sikkim state leave 10 dead, 82 missing". Reuters. from the original on 4 October 2023. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  14. ^ "Sikkim dam washed away in 10 minutes after flash flood: Official". Hindustan Times. 4 October 2023. from the original on 4 October 2023. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  15. ^ "Teesta Low Dam III". nhpc.co.in.
  16. ^ "Teesta Low Dam IV". nhpcindia.com.
  17. ^ "Gajoldoba Teesta Barrage a bird watching destination". northbengaltourism.com.
  18. ^ "Teesta Barrage". en.banglapedia.org.
  19. ^ "Teesta VI Dam Singtam Sirwani". www nhpcindia.com.
  20. ^ "RANGIT-III HE PROJECT - NHPC(SIKKIM) -". India Water Resources Information System. National Remote Sensing Centre. Government of India. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  21. ^ "Gati Infra | Chuzachen Hydro Electric Power Project".
  22. ^ "Gati Infra builds 110 MW hydro power project in Sikkim". Economic Times. Retrieved 21 April 2014.
  23. ^ "96 MW Dikchu River Hydroelectric Power Project". environment clearance.nic.in.
  24. ^ "Sneha Kinetic Power Project on Dikchu River". www.sserc.in.
  25. ^ "Madhya Bharat Power Corporation Limited". www.sserc.in.
  26. ^ Sarkar, SK (3 April 2017). "Sharing the Teesta". The Statesman (Opinion). Retrieved 7 April 2017.
  27. ^ Ray, Aparna (8 June 2012). "India, Bangladesh: Water Disputes and Teesta River Diplomacy". Global Voices. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
  28. ^ Bhattacharjee, Joyeeta (10 December 2016). "India and Bangladesh need to bring the Teesta out of muddled waters". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
  29. ^ "The Teesta river dispute explained in 10 points". The Times of India. 9 April 2017. Retrieved 2 November 2021.
  30. ^ a b c d Ranjan, Amit (2020). "3: River water disputes between India and Bangladesh. The Teesta Rivers waters dispute.". Contested Waters: India's Transboundary River Water Disputes in South Asia. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-000-17390-1.
  31. ^ Gambhir, Mohak (31 May 2021). "Teesta Dispute and India-Bangladesh Relations". Center For Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS). Retrieved 2 November 2021.
  32. ^ Mukul, Malay (2000). "The geometry and kinematics of the Main Boundary Thrust and related neotectonics in the Darjiling Himalayan fold-and-thrust belt, West Bengal, India". Journal of Structural Geology. 22 (9): 1261–1283. Bibcode:2000JSG....22.1261M. doi:10.1016/S0191-8141(00)00032-8.
  33. ^ Mukul, Malay; Jaiswal, M.; Singhvi, A. K. (November 2007). "Timing of recent out-of-sequence active deformation in the frontal Himalayan wedge: Insights from the Darjiling sub-Himalaya, India". Geology. 35 (11). The Geological Society of America: 999–1002. Bibcode:2007Geo....35..999M. doi:10.1130/G23869A.1.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Teesta River.

25°30′50″N 89°39′56″E / 25.51389°N 89.66556°E / 25.51389; 89.66556

April 11, 2024
teesta, river, long, river, that, rises, pauhunri, mountain, eastern, himalayas, flows, through, indian, states, sikkim, west, bengal, subsequently, enters, bangladesh, through, rangpur, division, bangladesh, merges, with, brahmaputra, river, which, after, mee. Teesta River is a 414 km 257 mi long river that rises in the Pauhunri Mountain of eastern Himalayas flows through the Indian states of Sikkim and West Bengal and subsequently enters Bangladesh through Rangpur division In Bangladesh it merges with Brahmaputra River which after meeting some other major rivers of the Bengal delta finally falls into the Bay of Bengal 1 It drains an area of 12 540 km2 4 840 sq mi 2 In India the Teesta flows through Mangan District Gangtok District Pakyong District Kalimpong district Darjeeling District Jalpaiguri District Cooch Behar districts and the cities of Rangpo Jalpaiguri and Mekhliganj In Bangladesh it flows through Lalmonirhat District Rangpur District Kurigram District and Gaibandha District It joins the Brahmaputra River at Phulchhari Upazila in Bangladesh 305 km 190 mi of the river lies in India and 109 km 68 mi in Bangladesh The Teesta is the largest river of Sikkim and second largest river of West Bengal after the Ganges Teesta RiverTrisrotaTeesta in Siliguri West BengalPath of the TeestaSource of Teesta river in SikkimShow map of SikkimTeesta River India Show map of IndiaLocationCountryIndia BangladeshStatesSikkim India West Bengal India Rangpur BangladeshImportant BridgesChungthang Teesta Bridge Sirwani Teesta Bridge Indreni Bridge Rangpo Teesta Bridge Melli Teesta Bridge Tista Bazaar Bridge Coronation Bridge Sevoke Railway Bridge Joyee Setu Jalpaiguri Teesta BridgeDistrict sMangan District Gangtok District Pakyong District Kalimpong district Darjeeling district Cooch Behar district Jalpaiguri district Rangpur District Kurigram District Nilphamari District Gaibandha District Lalmonirhat DistrictTowns amp CitiesChungthang Mangan Dikchu Singtam Rangpo Kalimpong Jalpaiguri Mekhliganj Haldibari Rangpur LalmonirhatPhysical characteristicsSourcePauhunri Zemu Glacier Gurudongmar Lake Tso Lhamo Lake locationSikkim India elevation7 128 m 23 386 ft 1 MouthBrahmaputra river locationPhulchhari Upazila Gaibandha BangladeshLength414 km 257 mi 1 Basin size12 540 km2 4 840 sq mi 2 Basin featuresTributaries leftRangpo River Lachung River Ranikhola Relli River Talung River Dik Chhu Lang Lang Chu rightRangeet River Kanaka River Ringyong Chhu Ranghap Chhu Contents 1 Course 2 Geography 3 Changes in course of rivers 4 Hydroelectric projects and barrages 5 Water sharing challenge 6 Seismic concerns 7 Climate and tectonics 8 2023 Teesta Flash Floods 9 See also 10 References 11 External linksCourse edit nbsp Teesta river near Gangtok nbsp National Highway 10 winds along the banks of the Teesta River near Kalimpong The Teesta River originates from Teesta Khangtse Glacier west of Pahunri or Teesta Kangse glacier above 5 400 m 17 700 ft and flows southward through gorges and rapids in the Sikkim Himalaya 3 It is fed by streams from Tso Lhamo Lake Gurudongmar Lake and rivulets arising in the Thangu Valley Yumthang Valley of Flowers Dikchu and Donkha mountain ranges The river then flows past the towns of Chungthang Singhik Mangan Dikchu and Makha where some major tributaries like Kanaka river join it and reaches Singtam where it is spanned by the scenic Indreni Bridge Also in Singtam a large tributary of the Teesta called Ranikhola joins and then descends towards Bardang Majitar Mining where it is spanned by Rangpo Mining Teesta Bridge and reaches the city of Rangpo where Rangpo River the second largest tributary of the Teesta joins From here river Teesta forms the border between Sikkim and West Bengal up to Teesta Bazaar via Melli Just before the Teesta Bridge where the roads from Kalimpong and Darjeeling join the river is met by its largest tributary the Rangeet River 4 After this point Teesta river changes its course southwards flowing into West Bengal and some more tributaries like Relli River Riyang river Geil Khola etc joins Than the river hits the plains at Sevoke 22 km 14 mi northeast of Siliguri where it is spanned by the Coronation Bridge and Sevoke Railway Bridge linking the northeast states to the rest of India After crossing Sevoke the river is fed by some small tributaries like Chel Khola Neora Khola Leesh Khola etc and than reaches Gajoldoba where there is Teesta Barrage The river then flows through Jalpaiguri where Jalpaiguri Teesta Bridge links Northeastern States The river flows further down through Mekhliganj and Haldibari in Cooch Behar district where it is spanned by Joyee Setu the longest roadway bridge of West Bengal with length 3 8 kilometres Here the Teesta completes its journey in India and enters Bangladesh in Dahagram Rangpur Division The river descends towards Barakhata where there is Teesta Barrage of Bangladesh Further it reaches Rangpur and Lalmonirhat town in Lalmonirhat District and Nilphamari District After crossing Tepamadhupur Bazaar Nagrakura Bazaar Sundarganj and Bozra Bazaar river Teesta joins Brahmaputra River at Haripur Port near Gaibandha Phulchhari Upazila in Kurigram District of Bangladesh 5 nbsp Gajoldoba Barrage on Teesta riverGeography editThis section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section Unsourced material may be challenged and removed November 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message Through its course the Teesta river has carved out ravines and gorges in Sikkim meandering through the hills with the hill station of Kalimpong lying just off the river and the city of Siliguri at the foothills of Himalaya Variegated vegetation can be seen along this route At lower elevations tropical deciduous trees and shrubs cover the surrounding hills alpine vegetation is seen at the upper altitudes The river is flanked by white sand which is used by the construction industry in the region Large boulders in and around the waters make it ideal for rafting Between Rangpo town and the railway bridge popularly called Lohapul or iron bridge on it as it enters the plains at Sevoke the Teesta flows with a very strong current ideal for white river rafting Towns like Teesta Bazaar and Melli have facilities for group rafting Though the river looks innocuous the underlying current is very strong In 1915 G P Robertson the then Municipal Engineer of Darjeeling drowned after losing control of the boat in the turbulence while surveying the river The boat struck a partially hidden boulder and was sucked in by a whirlpool leaving no trace of the occupants During the monsoon Teesta river distends its banks both in size and turbulence Landslides in this region often dam up parts of the river in this season It has also caused severe flooding multiple times during monsoon in Bangladesh 6 7 Changes in course of rivers edit nbsp James Rennell s 1776 map shows an earlier flow of the Teesta meeting the Ganges in three channels before a devastating flood in 1787 changed its courseIn the past the Teesta flowed south from Jalpaiguri in three channels the Punarbhaba Atrai and Karatoya Rivers The Teesta changed course as a result of the flooding of 1787 turning southeast to become part of the Brahmaputra 8 Hydroelectric projects and barrages edit nbsp Hydel project on the Dikchu a tributary of Teesta nbsp The Teesta Barrage is a major irrigation project in Bangladesh in Lalmonirhat District Construction started 1979 and was completed in 1997 98 9 India has an estimated total hydroelectric power potential of 84 GW at 60 load factor Of this Sikkim s potential share is 2 9 or about 4 29 GW 10 The successfully completed major projects and dams of Teesta River System are as follows Teesta V Dam Output 510MW Dam Location Dikchu Gangtok district Sikkim Powerhouse Location Balutar Singtam Gangtok district Sikkim Constructed by NHPC Limited 11 Teesta III Dam Output 1200 MW Dam Location Chungthang Mangan district Sikkim Powerhouse Location Singhik Mangan district Sikkim Constructed by Teesta Urja Limited 12 On 4 October 2023 heavy rains caused a glacial lake outburst flood 13 The flood reached the Teesta III Dam at midnight before its gates could be opened destroying the dam in minutes 14 Teesta Low Dam III Output 132MW Dam amp Powerhouse location Rambi Bazar Kalimpong district West Bengal Constructed by NHPC Limited 15 Teesta Low Dam IV Output 160MW Dam amp Powerhouse Location Kalijhora Kalimpong district West Bengal Constructed by NHPC Limited 16 Teesta Barrage Location Gajoldoba Jalpaiguri district West Bengal 17 Barakhata Teesta Barrage Location Goddimari Barakhata Nilphamari District Bangladesh 18 Teesta VI Dam Output 500MW Dam Location Sirwani Singtam Gangtok district Sikkim Powerhouse Location Pamphok Namchi district Sikkim Constructed by NHPC Limited amp Lanco Infratech Limited 19 Rangit III Dam On Greater Rangeet River which is a tributary of Teesta River Output 60MW Location Legship Gyalshing district Sikkim Constructed by NHPC Limited 20 Gati Hydropower Project A 110 MW Gati Hydropower Project lies on River Rangpo a tributary of River Teesta Location Between the town of Rorathang and Rongli of Pakyong District in Sikkim Constructed by Gati Hydropower Limited 21 22 Dikchu River Hydroelectric Power Project Output 96 MW on Dikchu River tributary of River Teesta Location Dikchu Gangtok district Sikkim Constructed by Sneha Kinetic Power Projects Pvt Ltd 23 24 Madhya Bharat Power Corporation Limited on Ranikhola a tributary of Teesta Output 96MW Dam location Ranipool Gangtok district Sikkim Powerhouse Location Kumrek Pakyong district Sikkim 25 The other three completed projects are significantly smaller and minor Lower Lagyap Upper Rongni Chhu and Mayang Chhu projects 10 Water sharing challenge editDisputes over the appropriate allocation and development of the water resources of the river have remained a subject of conflict between India and Bangladesh for almost 35 years with several bilateral agreements and rounds of talks failing to produce results 26 27 28 Negotiations have been going on since 1983 29 30 31 In 1983 a temporary solution had been worked out Bangladesh would get 36 India would get 39 while the rest of the water remained unallocated 30 Both countries signed a water sharing treaty in 1996 which would look into water sharing between the two countries in general following the Ganges water dispute 30 The water sharing remains a challenge 30 Seismic concerns editTeesta river area is in the seismically active Zone V and has experienced micro seismic activity According to India s Ministry of Environment amp Forests the Teesta river dam projects have been approved with the requirement that they adopt suitable seismic coefficient in the design for the dam tunnel surge shaft and power house The projects are cascaded over the length of the river do not store large amounts water have small reservoirs and therefore the projects are expected to have very low risk from the reservoir induced seismicity in the area 10 Climate and tectonics editThe Teesta river has preserved good imprints of climatic and tectonics along its valleys and catchments The interrelationship between climate erosion deposition and tectonic activities is not properly understood to date These are being studied 3 32 33 2023 Teesta Flash Floods editMain article 2023 Teesta Flash FloodSee also editJaldhaka RiverReferences edit a b c Mullick M R A Babel M S amp Perret S R 2011 Discharge based economic valuation of irrigation water Evidence from the Teesta River Bangladesh Irrigation and Drainage 60 4 481 492 doi 10 1002 ird 597 a b Rahaman M M amp Mamun A A 2020 Hydropower development along Teesta river basin opportunities for cooperation Water Policy 22 4 641 657 doi 10 2166 wp 2020 136 a b Meetei L I Pattanayak S K Bhaskar A Pandit M K Tandon S K 2007 Climatic imprints in Quaternary valley fill deposits of the middle Teesta valley Sikkim Himalaya Quaternary International 159 1 32 46 Bibcode 2007QuInt 159 32M doi 10 1016 j quaint 2006 08 018 Chaudhuri Samita Chaudhuri Utpal 2015 And the Teesta Flows Niyogi Books p 188 ISBN 978 93 83098 70 5 Joshi H G 2004 Sikkim Past and Present Mittal Publications p 1 ISBN 978 81 7099 932 4 Retrieved 8 September 2009 Hossain E Manik R K 2021 Fresh flood feared in Bangladesh as India opens Gajoldoba again New Age Lalmonirhat Retrieved 2 November 2021 Badal L A 2021 Nearly 2 000 families stranded as flood hits 15 Rangpur villages Dhaka Tribune Retrieved 2 November 2021 Majumdar R C 1971 History of Ancient Bengal Calcutta G Bhardwaj amp Co pp 4 5 OCLC 961157849 Bari M F 2012 Barrage Banglapedia National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh Asiatic Society of Bangladesh a b c Environmental Impact Assessment of Ting Ting H E Project Sikkim PDF Ministry of Environment Forest and Climate Change Archived from the original PDF on 20 October 2014 Teesta V D01535 India Water Resources Information System National Remote Sensing Centre Government of India Archived from the original on 18 October 2014 Retrieved 15 June 2014 Teesta Dam Chungthang Mangan district Sikkim Constructed by Teesta Urja Limited teestaurja com Choudhury Subrata Nag Hussain Zarir 4 October 2023 Floods in India s Sikkim state leave 10 dead 82 missing Reuters Archived from the original on 4 October 2023 Retrieved 4 October 2023 Sikkim dam washed away in 10 minutes after flash flood Official Hindustan Times 4 October 2023 Archived from the original on 4 October 2023 Retrieved 4 October 2023 Teesta Low Dam III nhpc co in Teesta Low Dam IV nhpcindia com Gajoldoba Teesta Barrage a bird watching destination northbengaltourism com Teesta Barrage en banglapedia org Teesta VI Dam Singtam Sirwani www nhpcindia com RANGIT III HE PROJECT NHPC SIKKIM India Water Resources Information System National Remote Sensing Centre Government of India Retrieved 22 March 2018 Gati Infra Chuzachen Hydro Electric Power Project Gati Infra builds 110 MW hydro power project in Sikkim Economic Times Retrieved 21 April 2014 96 MW Dikchu River Hydroelectric Power Project environment clearance nic in Sneha Kinetic Power Project on Dikchu River www sserc in Madhya Bharat Power Corporation Limited www sserc in Sarkar SK 3 April 2017 Sharing the Teesta The Statesman Opinion Retrieved 7 April 2017 Ray Aparna 8 June 2012 India Bangladesh Water Disputes and Teesta River Diplomacy Global Voices Retrieved 7 April 2017 Bhattacharjee Joyeeta 10 December 2016 India and Bangladesh need to bring the Teesta out of muddled waters Hindustan Times Retrieved 7 April 2017 The Teesta river dispute explained in 10 points The Times of India 9 April 2017 Retrieved 2 November 2021 a b c d Ranjan Amit 2020 3 River water disputes between India and Bangladesh The Teesta Rivers waters dispute Contested Waters India s Transboundary River Water Disputes in South Asia Taylor amp Francis ISBN 978 1 000 17390 1 Gambhir Mohak 31 May 2021 Teesta Dispute and India Bangladesh Relations Center For Land Warfare Studies CLAWS Retrieved 2 November 2021 Mukul Malay 2000 The geometry and kinematics of the Main Boundary Thrust and related neotectonics in the Darjiling Himalayan fold and thrust belt West Bengal India Journal of Structural Geology 22 9 1261 1283 Bibcode 2000JSG 22 1261M doi 10 1016 S0191 8141 00 00032 8 Mukul Malay Jaiswal M Singhvi A K November 2007 Timing of recent out of sequence active deformation in the frontal Himalayan wedge Insights from the Darjiling sub Himalaya India Geology 35 11 The Geological Society of America 999 1002 Bibcode 2007Geo 35 999M doi 10 1130 G23869A 1 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Teesta River Tista River at GEOnet Names Server Mesbah us Saleheen 2012 Tista River in Sirajul Islam and Ahmed A Jamal ed Banglapedia National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh Second ed Asiatic Society of Bangladesh 25 30 50 N 89 39 56 E 25 51389 N 89 66556 E 25 51389 89 66556 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Teesta River amp oldid 1198557234 Hydroelectric projects and barrages, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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