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Tektology

January 01, 1970

Tektology (sometimes transliterated as tectology) is a term used by Alexander Bogdanov to describe a new universal science that consisted of unifying all social, biological and physical sciences by considering them as systems of relationships and by seeking the organizational principles that underlie all systems. Tektology is now regarded as a precursor of systems theory and related aspects of synergetics.[1] The word "tectology" was introduced by Ernst Haeckel,[2] but Bogdanov used it for a different purpose.[3][4]

Alexander Bogdanov, founder of tektology

Overview edit

His work Tektology: Universal Organization Science, published in Russia between 1912 and 1917, anticipated many of the ideas that were popularized later by Norbert Wiener in Cybernetics and Ludwig von Bertalanffy in the General Systems Theory. There are suggestions that both Wiener and von Bertalanffy might have read the German edition of Tektology which was published in 1928.[5][6]

In Sources and Precursors of Bogdanov's Tectology, James White (1998) acknowledged the intellectual debt of Bogdanov's work on tectology to the ideas of Ludwig Noiré. His work drew on the ideas of Noiré who in the 1870s also attempted to construct a monistic system using the principle of conservation of energy as one of its structural elements.

More recently, in her 2016 book Molecular Red: Theory for the Anthropocene, McKenzie Wark attempts to establish Bogdanov as a precursor to contemporary Anthropocene theorists, like Donna Haraway, by considering Bogdanov's works of fiction as an extension of his general work in Tectology. In this, Wark also considers Tectology as an alternative to the Soviet state philosophy of dialectical materialism, which may help in explaining Lenin's vehement opposition to Tectology in his own Materialism and Empirio-Criticism.

Topics in tectology edit

According to Bogdanov[7] "the aim of Tectology is the systematization of organized experience", through the identification of universal organizational principles: "all things are organizational, all complexes could only be understood through their organizational character."[8] Bogdanov considered that any complex should correspond to its environment and adapt to it. A stable and organized complex is greater than the sum of its parts. In Tectology, the term 'stability' refers not to a dynamic stability, but to the possibility of preserving the complex in the given environment. A 'complex' is not identical to a 'complicated, a hard-to-comprehend, large unit.

In Tectology, Bogdanov made the first 'modern' attempt to formulate the most general laws of organization. Tectology addressed issues such as holistic, emergent phenomena and systemic development. Tectology as a constructive science built elements into a functional entity using general laws of organization.

According to his "empirio-monistic" principle (1899), he does not recognize differences between observation and perception[further explanation needed] and thus creates the beginning of a general empirical, trans-disciplinary science of physical organization, as an expedient unity and precursor of Systems Theory and Holism.

The "whole" in Tectology, and the laws of its integrity, were derived from biological rather than the physicalistic view of the world. Regarding the three scientific cycles which comprise the basis of Tectology (mathematical, physico-biological, and natural-philosophical), it is from the physico-biological cycle that the central concepts have been taken and universalized.[citation needed]

The starting point in Bogdanov's Universal Science of Organization - Tectology (1913-1922) was that nature has a general, organized character, with one set of laws of organization for all objects. This set of laws also organizes the internal development of the complex units, as implied by Simona Poustilnik's "macro-paradigm", which induces synergistic consequences into an adaptive assembling phenomenon (1995). Bogdanov's visionary view of nature was one of an 'organization' with interconnected systems.[example needed]

Works edit

Alexander Bogdanov wrote several works about Tectology:

  • 1901, Poznanie s Istoricheskoi Tochki Zreniya (Knowledge from a Historical Viewpoint), St. Petersburg, 1901.
  • 1904, Empiriomonizm: Stat'i po Filosofii (Empiriomonism: Articles on Philosophy) in 3 volumes, Moscow, 1904-1906
  • 1912, Filosofiya Zhivogo Opyta: Populiarnye Ocherki (Philosophy of Living Experience: Popular Essays), St. Petersburg, 1912
  • 1922 Tektologiya: Vseobschaya Organizatsionnaya Nauka in 3 volumes, Berlin and Petrograd-Moscow, 1922.
  • 1980, English translation as Essays in Tektology: The General Science of Organization, trans. George Gorelik, Seaside, CA, Intersystems Publications, 1980.[9]

References edit

  1. ^ . Archived from the original on 2007-09-26.
  2. ^ Originally the term denoted "a branch of morphology that regards an organism as made up of other organisms" (from Greek τέκτων, tektōn "builder").
  3. ^ "Ernst Haeckel". www.nndb.com.
  4. ^ Haeckel, Ernst (January 8, 1904). "Wonders of life" – via Google Books.
  5. ^ Gorelik, 1975; Mattessich, 1978.
  6. ^ Gare, Arran (2000-11-01). "Aleksandr Bogdanov and Systems Theory". Democracy & Nature. 6 (3): 341–359. doi:10.1080/10855660020020230. ISSN 1085-5661.
  7. ^ This is an extended quote from (Mikes, 1997).
  8. ^ Mikes, John (31 May 2009). . Archived from the original on 2009-05-31. Retrieved 2 January 2021.
  9. ^ The first English translation of Bogdanov Tektology is due to Peter Dudley and his work at the Centre for Systems Studies of University of Hull in UK.

Further reading edit

  • John Biggart, Georgii Gloveli, Avraham Yassour. Bogdanov and his Work. A guide to the published and unpublished works of Alexander A. Bogdanov (Malinovsky) 1873-1928, Aldershot, Ashgate, 1998, ISBN 1-85972-623-2
  • John Biggart, Peter Dudley, Francis King, Aldershot, Ashgate (eds.), Alexander Bogdanov and the Origins of Systems Thinking in Russia, 1998, ISBN 1-85972-678-X
  • Stuart Brown. Biographical Dictionary of Twentieth-Century Philosophers, London, Routledge, 2002 (first published in 1996), ISBN 0-415-06043-5
  • Peter Dudley, Bogdanov's Tektology (1st Engl transl), Centre for Systems Studies, University of Hull, Hull, UK, 1996
  • Peter Dudley, Simona Pustylnik. Reading The Tektology: provisional findings, postulates and research directions, Centre for Systems Studies, University of Hull, Hull, UK, 1995
  • George Gorelik, Bogdanov's Tektology: Nature, Development and Influences, in: Studies in Soviet Thought (1983), Vol. 26, pp. 37–57.
  • Simona Poustilnik, Biological Ideas of Bogdanov's Tektology presented at the Int'l Conf.: Origins of Organization Theory in Russia and the Soviet Union, University of East Anglia (Norwich), Jan. 8-11, 1995
  • Simona Poustilnik, Aleksandr Bogdanov’s Tektology: A Proletarian Science of Construction, 2021. In CULTURAL SCIENCE JOURNAL 13(1), 2021, pp. 140-151

External links edit

  • : Reference covering Bogdanov's work,
  • Alexander Bogdanov
  • Red Hamlet
  • Science for the better world
  • Aleksandr Bogdanov’s Tektology: A Proletarian Science of Construction

January 01, 1970
tektology, sometimes, transliterated, tectology, term, used, alexander, bogdanov, describe, universal, science, that, consisted, unifying, social, biological, physical, sciences, considering, them, systems, relationships, seeking, organizational, principles, t. Tektology sometimes transliterated as tectology is a term used by Alexander Bogdanov to describe a new universal science that consisted of unifying all social biological and physical sciences by considering them as systems of relationships and by seeking the organizational principles that underlie all systems Tektology is now regarded as a precursor of systems theory and related aspects of synergetics 1 The word tectology was introduced by Ernst Haeckel 2 but Bogdanov used it for a different purpose 3 4 Alexander Bogdanov founder of tektology Contents 1 Overview 2 Topics in tectology 3 Works 4 References 5 Further reading 6 External linksOverview editHis work Tektology Universal Organization Science published in Russia between 1912 and 1917 anticipated many of the ideas that were popularized later by Norbert Wiener in Cybernetics and Ludwig von Bertalanffy in the General Systems Theory There are suggestions that both Wiener and von Bertalanffy might have read the German edition of Tektology which was published in 1928 5 6 In Sources and Precursors of Bogdanov s Tectology James White 1998 acknowledged the intellectual debt of Bogdanov s work on tectology to the ideas of Ludwig Noire His work drew on the ideas of Noire who in the 1870s also attempted to construct a monistic system using the principle of conservation of energy as one of its structural elements More recently in her 2016 book Molecular Red Theory for the Anthropocene McKenzie Wark attempts to establish Bogdanov as a precursor to contemporary Anthropocene theorists like Donna Haraway by considering Bogdanov s works of fiction as an extension of his general work in Tectology In this Wark also considers Tectology as an alternative to the Soviet state philosophy of dialectical materialism which may help in explaining Lenin s vehement opposition to Tectology in his own Materialism and Empirio Criticism Topics in tectology editAccording to Bogdanov 7 the aim of Tectology is the systematization of organized experience through the identification of universal organizational principles all things are organizational all complexes could only be understood through their organizational character 8 Bogdanov considered that any complex should correspond to its environment and adapt to it A stable and organized complex is greater than the sum of its parts In Tectology the term stability refers not to a dynamic stability but to the possibility of preserving the complex in the given environment A complex is not identical to a complicated a hard to comprehend large unit In Tectology Bogdanov made the first modern attempt to formulate the most general laws of organization Tectology addressed issues such as holistic emergent phenomena and systemic development Tectology as a constructive science built elements into a functional entity using general laws of organization According to his empirio monistic principle 1899 he does not recognize differences between observation and perception further explanation needed and thus creates the beginning of a general empirical trans disciplinary science of physical organization as an expedient unity and precursor of Systems Theory and Holism The whole in Tectology and the laws of its integrity were derived from biological rather than the physicalistic view of the world Regarding the three scientific cycles which comprise the basis of Tectology mathematical physico biological and natural philosophical it is from the physico biological cycle that the central concepts have been taken and universalized citation needed The starting point in Bogdanov s Universal Science of Organization Tectology 1913 1922 was that nature has a general organized character with one set of laws of organization for all objects This set of laws also organizes the internal development of the complex units as implied by Simona Poustilnik s macro paradigm which induces synergistic consequences into an adaptive assembling phenomenon 1995 Bogdanov s visionary view of nature was one of an organization with interconnected systems example needed Works editAlexander Bogdanov wrote several works about Tectology 1901 Poznanie s Istoricheskoi Tochki Zreniya Knowledge from a Historical Viewpoint St Petersburg 1901 1904 Empiriomonizm Stat i po Filosofii Empiriomonism Articles on Philosophy in 3 volumes Moscow 1904 1906 1912 Filosofiya Zhivogo Opyta Populiarnye Ocherki Philosophy of Living Experience Popular Essays St Petersburg 1912 1922 Tektologiya Vseobschaya Organizatsionnaya Nauka in 3 volumes Berlin and Petrograd Moscow 1922 1980 English translation as Essays in Tektology The General Science of Organization trans George Gorelik Seaside CA Intersystems Publications 1980 9 References edit Socialist Standard April 2007 page 10 Archived from the original on 2007 09 26 Originally the term denoted a branch of morphology that regards an organism as made up of other organisms from Greek tektwn tektōn builder Ernst Haeckel www nndb com Haeckel Ernst January 8 1904 Wonders of life via Google Books Gorelik 1975 Mattessich 1978 Gare Arran 2000 11 01 Aleksandr Bogdanov and Systems Theory Democracy amp Nature 6 3 341 359 doi 10 1080 10855660020020230 ISSN 1085 5661 This is an extended quote from Mikes 1997 Mikes John 31 May 2009 T E C T O L O G Y the natural philosophy of organization in into complexities Archived from the original on 2009 05 31 Retrieved 2 January 2021 The first English translation of Bogdanov Tektology is due to Peter Dudley and his work at the Centre for Systems Studies of University of Hull in UK Further reading editJohn Biggart Georgii Gloveli Avraham Yassour Bogdanov and his Work A guide to the published and unpublished works of Alexander A Bogdanov Malinovsky 1873 1928 Aldershot Ashgate 1998 ISBN 1 85972 623 2 John Biggart Peter Dudley Francis King Aldershot Ashgate eds Alexander Bogdanov and the Origins of Systems Thinking in Russia 1998 ISBN 1 85972 678 X Stuart Brown Biographical Dictionary of Twentieth Century Philosophers London Routledge 2002 first published in 1996 ISBN 0 415 06043 5 Peter Dudley Bogdanov s Tektology 1st Engl transl Centre for Systems Studies University of Hull Hull UK 1996 Peter Dudley Simona Pustylnik Reading The Tektology provisional findings postulates and research directions Centre for Systems Studies University of Hull Hull UK 1995 George Gorelik Bogdanov s Tektology Nature Development and Influences in Studies in Soviet Thought 1983 Vol 26 pp 37 57 Simona Poustilnik Biological Ideas of Bogdanov s Tektology presented at the Int l Conf Origins of Organization Theory in Russia and the Soviet Union University of East Anglia Norwich Jan 8 11 1995 Simona Poustilnik Aleksandr Bogdanov s Tektology A Proletarian Science of Construction 2021 In CULTURAL SCIENCE JOURNAL 13 1 2021 pp 140 151External links edit Bogdanov and His Work A Guide to the Published and Unpublished Works of Alexander A Bogdanov Malinovsky 1873 1928 Reference covering Bogdanov s work Alexander Bogdanov About tectology John A Mikes prepared for ICCS International Conference on Complex Systems New England Complex Systems Inst Sept 21 27 1997 Nashua NH USA Red Hamlet Science for the better world Aleksandr Bogdanov s Tektology A Proletarian Science of Construction Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Tektology amp oldid 1216849898, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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