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Talchum

October 20, 2023

Talchum (탈춤 t'alch'um) is a Korean dance performed while wearing a mask, and often involves singing and dancing.

Talchum
A mask dance in South Korea
Korean name
Hangul
탈춤
Revised Romanizationtalchum
McCune–Reischauert'alch'um

Although the term talchum is usually taken to mean all mask dance dramas by most Koreans, it is strictly speaking a regional term originally only applied to dances of Hwanghae Province in present-day North Korea. Dances from the Seoul or Gyeonggi province region are known as sandae noli, whereas dances from the southern coast are known as yayu (야유), which means "field play", or Obangsinjang, which means "dance of five gods". However, Talchum is nowadays accepted as a general term for mask dance drama.[1]

The dances also feature drama and story, as masked characters portray people, animals, and even supernatural beings. These folk dramas often reflected the frustrations felt by the lower classes towards the elite yangban.

History Edit

Talchum originated in Korean villages as part of shamanic rituals. It then became a form of popular entertainment. It was even performed in the royal court—during the Goryeo period, the Office of Masked-Dance Drama (Sandae Togam) supervised such dances. The office however was abolished during the Joseon period.[2]

Themes and characteristics Edit

Mask dance dramas share fundamental characteristics but vary considerably according to region and performer. Basic themes include exorcism rites, ritual dances, satire, parody of human weaknesses, social evils, and the elites. They appeal to the audiences by ridiculing apostate Buddhist monks, decadent upper-class men, and shamans. Another popular theme is the conflict between an old wife and a seductive concubine. With regional variations, the mask dance drama was generally performed on the First Full Moon, Buddha's Birthday (석가탄신일) on the Eighth of the Fourth Moon, the Dano Festival, and Chuseok. Variations may have been performed at festive state occasions or at rituals to bring about rain. Audience participation is also a feature of the dance.[3]

Procedure Edit

Mask dance is largely divided into seven parts.

The first chief's (상좌, Sang-Jwa) dance is a ritualistic dance about the four gods (사신도, 四神圖), meaning 'to drive out demons'.[4]

The second section consists of eight monk dances, which are the first and second beopgonori. The evil monk dance shows itself decayed, introducing itself to the editorial and dance, respectively. The beopgonori tells a joke about a man and a woman taking off their clothes with a law school in their neck. Recently,[when?] beopgonori has disappeared.[4]

The third section is a Sadang dance (사당춤) performed by seven masters (거사, Geo-sa), and appears in a shrine decorated with splendor. When a widower is kicked out of the shrine for mocking, seven of them sing a playful song.[4]

The fourth section is a veteran dance (노장춤, No-Jang). The dance shows the satire of a Buddhist monk who was praised as a living Buddha by Somu (소무, So-moo),[5] a pub girl, or a concubine.

The fifth section is a lion sent by the Buddha to punish them for losing a lion dance. They try to eat their food and then they listen to the repentance and forgive and dance together.

The sixth chapter consists mainly of talking with the three yangban (well educated people) brothers, the stake and the yangban, with the yangban dance. Through the game of selecting a new residence, Sijojigi ('make a poem', 시조짓기), Paja Nori (make a poem with divided or combine Hanja, 파자놀이), and catching chuibbali ('a person who embezzled public funds', 취발이). Through the play, the Malttoki ('a crown', 말뚝이) use poetry and satire are used to scold the yangban.[4]

The seventh section meets Young-gam (영감, 'old man or a low-ranking official') and Mi-Yal-Hal-mi (미얄할미),[5] who had been separated during a tumultuous dance, and they were quarreled because of the concubine's house, which he brought to them, and Mi-Yal was beaten to death by the Young-gam. An old man named Namgang appears and calls a shaman to perform a Jin-Ogwi rite (진오귀굿). Showing the perils of working-class life and the tyranny of men over women due to polygamy, the last performance shows that the origin of mask dance is in the gut (굿, a ritual performance in Korea).[4]

Place of performance Edit

A suitable place for performance is where a large audience can gather. The audience looks around the stage almost in a circle, but there is nothing on the stage, and only one side of the stage is a house called the Gaebok-cheong where performers change their masks and clothes. Although the stage is a flat floor that is as high as the stands, Bongsan Talchum[6] also makes the stands higher. The reason is for merchants to sell food instead of admission to audience in the attic.

Styles Edit

Mask dance dramas have been transmitted from all parts of the country. There are about thirteen different types of mask dance drama in Korea ― Hwanghaedo province's Haeseo style, such as Bongsan Talchum, Gangnyeong Talchum, Eunyul Talchum; Gyeonggi-do province's Yangju Byeolsandae, Songpa Sandae Noli Mask Dances; Gyeongsangnam-do province's Suyeong Yayu, Dongnae Yayu, Gasan Ogwangdae, Tongyeong Ogwandae, Goseong Ogwangdae; Gyeongsangbukdo province's Hahoe byeolsingut talnori; Gangwon province's Gangneung Gwanno Gamyeon'guk mask dance; and the Namsadang (male itinerant entertaining troupe of the Northern Line) Deotboegichum mask dance. Among those, Bongsan Talchum and Hahoe byeolsingut talnori are best known today.

Imaginary creatures in Talchum Edit

Yeongno (영노)

A monster that eats bad yangbans. In some plays, if this type of creature eats 100 yangbans, they can go up to heaven.[7]

Bibi (비비)

A kind of yeongno, they make a bi-bi sound. They have a monster's head on top of a human body.[8]

Jangjamari (장자마리)

Water spirits. They are very fat, play instruments, and have seaweed all over their bodies. They may also be associated with fertility.[7]

In Gangneung Gwanno Gamyeon'geuk,[definition needed] they are associated with fertility and the summer transplanting season, dancing, wearing clothes that bear the color of tilled earth, and decorated in rice seedlings as well as seaweed.[7]

Juji (주지)

Juji are strange beings. They look like birds with very small heads or can have heads like those of lions.[7] Two couples jump all around. The dances between the couples may symbolize fertility.[7] However, the dance between the two lions could also indicate scaring away evil spirits.[7]

Gallery Edit

References Edit

  1. ^ National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage (25 December 2015). Tal and Talchum. Gil-Job-Ie Media. p. 67. ISBN 9788963257358.
  2. ^ Judy Van Zile (11 December 2001). Perspectives on Korean Dance. Wesleyan University Press. pp. 9–10. ISBN 978-0819564948.
  3. ^ Eckersley, M. ed. 2009. Drama from the Rim: Asian Pacific Drama Book (2nd ed.). Drama Victoria. Melbourne. p46.
  4. ^ a b c d e 국립민속박물관. "봉산탈춤". 한국민속대백과사전 (in Korean). Seo Yeon Ho(서연호,徐淵昊). Retrieved 2019-04-06.
  5. ^ a b "Aesthetic Viewpoints of Female Roles in Bongsan Mask Dance". www.riss.kr. p. 32. Retrieved 2019-03-29.
  6. ^ CBSaeji (2010-11-15), Bongsan Talchum 봉산탈춤, archived from the original on 2021-12-21, retrieved 2019-03-20
  7. ^ a b c d e f Saeji, CedarBough (September 2012). "The Bawdy, Brawling, Boisterous World of Korean Mask Dance Dramas: A Brief Essay to Accompany Photographs" (PDF). Berkeley.edu. Berkeley University. Retrieved April 22, 2016.
  8. ^ "◎ Hahoe-Dong Mask Museum ◎". www.mask.kr. Retrieved 2016-04-23.

General references Edit

  • Chae, Heewan. “The idea of Talchum.” Seoul: Hyunamsa, 1984
  • "What is mask." Hahoe Mask Museum retrieved 29 June 2008
  • Kim, Joo-yeon. "Talchum: Korean masked dance." The KNU times, 1 November 2006
  • Kim, Ukdong. "The aesthetics of Talchum." Seoul: Hyunamsa, 1999
  • "Korean Mask Dance Drama: Talchum." The magazine of Santa Clarita retrieved 29 June 2008
  • , retrieved 29 June 2008
  • "Mask and Dance." Korean cultural Services NY, retrieved 25 June 2008
  • retrieved 29 June 2008
  • , retrieved 29 June 2008
  • , retrieved 29 June 2008

External links Edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Talchum.

October 20, 2023
talchum, 탈춤, alch, korean, dance, performed, while, wearing, mask, often, involves, singing, dancing, mask, dance, south, koreakorean, namehangul탈춤revised, romanizationtalchummccune, reischauert, alch, umalthough, term, talchum, usually, taken, mean, mask, dan. Talchum 탈춤 t alch um is a Korean dance performed while wearing a mask and often involves singing and dancing TalchumA mask dance in South KoreaKorean nameHangul탈춤Revised RomanizationtalchumMcCune Reischauert alch umAlthough the term talchum is usually taken to mean all mask dance dramas by most Koreans it is strictly speaking a regional term originally only applied to dances of Hwanghae Province in present day North Korea Dances from the Seoul or Gyeonggi province region are known as sandae noli whereas dances from the southern coast are known as yayu 야유 which means field play or Obangsinjang which means dance of five gods However Talchum is nowadays accepted as a general term for mask dance drama 1 The dances also feature drama and story as masked characters portray people animals and even supernatural beings These folk dramas often reflected the frustrations felt by the lower classes towards the elite yangban Contents 1 History 2 Themes and characteristics 3 Procedure 4 Place of performance 5 Styles 6 Imaginary creatures in Talchum 7 Gallery 8 References 9 General references 10 External linksHistory EditTalchum originated in Korean villages as part of shamanic rituals It then became a form of popular entertainment It was even performed in the royal court during the Goryeo period the Office of Masked Dance Drama Sandae Togam supervised such dances The office however was abolished during the Joseon period 2 Themes and characteristics EditMask dance dramas share fundamental characteristics but vary considerably according to region and performer Basic themes include exorcism rites ritual dances satire parody of human weaknesses social evils and the elites They appeal to the audiences by ridiculing apostate Buddhist monks decadent upper class men and shamans Another popular theme is the conflict between an old wife and a seductive concubine With regional variations the mask dance drama was generally performed on the First Full Moon Buddha s Birthday 석가탄신일 on the Eighth of the Fourth Moon the Dano Festival and Chuseok Variations may have been performed at festive state occasions or at rituals to bring about rain Audience participation is also a feature of the dance 3 Procedure EditMask dance is largely divided into seven parts The first chief s 상좌 Sang Jwa dance is a ritualistic dance about the four gods 사신도 四神圖 meaning to drive out demons 4 The second section consists of eight monk dances which are the first and second beopgonori The evil monk dance shows itself decayed introducing itself to the editorial and dance respectively The beopgonori tells a joke about a man and a woman taking off their clothes with a law school in their neck Recently when beopgonori has disappeared 4 The third section is a Sadang dance 사당춤 performed by seven masters 거사 Geo sa and appears in a shrine decorated with splendor When a widower is kicked out of the shrine for mocking seven of them sing a playful song 4 The fourth section is a veteran dance 노장춤 No Jang The dance shows the satire of a Buddhist monk who was praised as a living Buddha by Somu 소무 So moo 5 a pub girl or a concubine The fifth section is a lion sent by the Buddha to punish them for losing a lion dance They try to eat their food and then they listen to the repentance and forgive and dance together The sixth chapter consists mainly of talking with the three yangban well educated people brothers the stake and the yangban with the yangban dance Through the game of selecting a new residence Sijojigi make a poem 시조짓기 Paja Nori make a poem with divided or combine Hanja 파자놀이 and catching chuibbali a person who embezzled public funds 취발이 Through the play the Malttoki a crown 말뚝이 use poetry and satire are used to scold the yangban 4 The seventh section meets Young gam 영감 old man or a low ranking official and Mi Yal Hal mi 미얄할미 5 who had been separated during a tumultuous dance and they were quarreled because of the concubine s house which he brought to them and Mi Yal was beaten to death by the Young gam An old man named Namgang appears and calls a shaman to perform a Jin Ogwi rite 진오귀굿 Showing the perils of working class life and the tyranny of men over women due to polygamy the last performance shows that the origin of mask dance is in the gut 굿 a ritual performance in Korea 4 Place of performance EditA suitable place for performance is where a large audience can gather The audience looks around the stage almost in a circle but there is nothing on the stage and only one side of the stage is a house called the Gaebok cheong where performers change their masks and clothes Although the stage is a flat floor that is as high as the stands Bongsan Talchum 6 also makes the stands higher The reason is for merchants to sell food instead of admission to audience in the attic Styles EditMask dance dramas have been transmitted from all parts of the country There are about thirteen different types of mask dance drama in Korea Hwanghaedo province s Haeseo style such as Bongsan Talchum Gangnyeong Talchum Eunyul Talchum Gyeonggi do province s Yangju Byeolsandae Songpa Sandae Noli Mask Dances Gyeongsangnam do province s Suyeong Yayu Dongnae Yayu Gasan Ogwangdae Tongyeong Ogwandae Goseong Ogwangdae Gyeongsangbukdo province s Hahoe byeolsingut talnori Gangwon province s Gangneung Gwanno Gamyeon guk mask dance and the Namsadang male itinerant entertaining troupe of the Northern Line Deotboegichum mask dance Among those Bongsan Talchum and Hahoe byeolsingut talnori are best known today Imaginary creatures in Talchum EditYeongno 영노 A monster that eats bad yangbans In some plays if this type of creature eats 100 yangbans they can go up to heaven 7 Bibi 비비 A kind of yeongno they make a bi bi sound They have a monster s head on top of a human body 8 Jangjamari 장자마리 Water spirits They are very fat play instruments and have seaweed all over their bodies They may also be associated with fertility 7 In Gangneung Gwanno Gamyeon geuk definition needed they are associated with fertility and the summer transplanting season dancing wearing clothes that bear the color of tilled earth and decorated in rice seedlings as well as seaweed 7 Juji 주지 Juji are strange beings They look like birds with very small heads or can have heads like those of lions 7 Two couples jump all around The dances between the couples may symbolize fertility 7 However the dance between the two lions could also indicate scaring away evil spirits 7 Gallery Edit nbsp Bongsan Talchum nbsp Songpa Sandae Noli nbsp Hahoi Byeolshin gut Talnoli nbsp Eunyul Talchum nbsp Korean mask playReferences Edit National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage 25 December 2015 Tal and Talchum Gil Job Ie Media p 67 ISBN 9788963257358 Judy Van Zile 11 December 2001 Perspectives on Korean Dance Wesleyan University Press pp 9 10 ISBN 978 0819564948 Eckersley M ed 2009 Drama from the Rim Asian Pacific Drama Book 2nd ed Drama Victoria Melbourne p46 a b c d e 국립민속박물관 봉산탈춤 한국민속대백과사전 in Korean Seo Yeon Ho 서연호 徐淵昊 Retrieved 2019 04 06 a b Aesthetic Viewpoints of Female Roles in Bongsan Mask Dance www riss kr p 32 Retrieved 2019 03 29 CBSaeji 2010 11 15 Bongsan Talchum 봉산탈춤 archived from the original on 2021 12 21 retrieved 2019 03 20 a b c d e f Saeji CedarBough September 2012 The Bawdy Brawling Boisterous World of Korean Mask Dance Dramas A Brief Essay to Accompany Photographs PDF Berkeley edu Berkeley University Retrieved April 22 2016 Hahoe Dong Mask Museum www mask kr Retrieved 2016 04 23 General references EditChae Heewan The idea of Talchum Seoul Hyunamsa 1984 What is mask Hahoe Mask Museum retrieved 29 June 2008 Kim Joo yeon Talchum Korean masked dance The KNU times 1 November 2006 Kim Ukdong The aesthetics of Talchum Seoul Hyunamsa 1999 Korean Mask Dance Drama Talchum The magazine of Santa Clarita retrieved 29 June 2008 Mask Dances Asian Studies presents Windows on Asia retrieved 29 June 2008 Mask and Dance Korean cultural Services NY retrieved 25 June 2008 Talchum Digital Choseonilbo retrieved 29 June 2008 Talchum retrieved 29 June 2008 The Nature and Origin of Masked Dance Drama Hangukgwan retrieved 29 June 2008External links EditTalchum Official Seoul City Tourism http www culturecontent com Talchum Photographic Series by Charles Freger nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Talchum Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Talchum amp oldid 1175939594, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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