Until the end of the Safavid dynasty, the city of Tabriz and the surrounding regions belonged to Iran and was the capital of the province (beglarbegi) of Azerbaijan.[2] The first khan of Tabriz, Najaf Qoli Khan, had entered the service of Nader Shah after he took Khoy from the Ottomans in 1734.[3] He would accompany many of Nader Shah's later expeditions.
After the death of Nader Shah Afshar, his empire was divided among his heirs, former Afsharid generals, and local militias and tribes. With the war of succession between the Qajar and Zand princes for the throne of Iran, the Donboli lords of Khoy and Salmas established their rule in Tabriz and extended their influence over the whole province. Azad Khan Afghan, a Pashtun warlord got Azerbaijan.[4]Tabriz became the capital of Najaf Qoli Khan's kingdom with Fath-Ali Khan Afshar as his deputy. Najaf Qoli Khan kept his rank as Amir al-Omara.[3]
Zand period
Najaf Qoli Khan and the Donbolis in general defected to Mohammad Hasan Khan Qajar during his invasion of Azerbaijan in 1757, and as a result they were able to put Tabriz under their control.[5] Later they pledged allegiance to Karim Khan Zand during his invasion in 1763. In 1769, Najaf Qoli Khan was appointed governor of Tabriz by Karim Khan Zand.[3] He kept Zand's control over Azerbaijan unusually firm.
After Karim Khan Zand's death in 1779, Sadiq Khan Shaqaqi and his Sarab Khanate, conquered Tabriz in 1787 and killed Khodadad Khan.[6]Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar's invasion of Azerbaijan in 1791, destroyed the Sarab Khanate, who gave Tabriz back to the Donbolis. In 1796, Agha Mohammad Khan was proclaimed as shahanshah and emperor of all of Iran. Upon his death in 1797, Sadiq Khan Shaqaqi revolted against the new Iranian ruler, Fath-Ali, and attempted to seize the lands of the Donboli, but was repulsed.
Fall of the Khanate
He was pardoned but revolted again in 1798 when Jafar Khan Donboli was appointed governor of Tabriz. They eventually allied themselves against the Qajars along with the Afshars of Urmia.[7] Fath-Ali Khan Qajar heard of the news in Dh'ul Qadah 1212 (April–May 1798) and made a farman to discourage the elites of Tabriz from supporting the alliance.[8] Iranian forces eventually moved into Azerbaijan, captured Urmia on June 20, and on July 1 moved towards Salmas and Khoy and deposed Jafar Qoli Khan.[7] By then, Fath-Ali Shah had enough of Sadiq, and had him walled up and killed in the Golestan Palace in 1800.[6]
When Hossein Qoli Khan died in 1799, Jafar returned to Khoy with the support of the elders and asked Fath-Ali Shah to confirm his position as governor of Khoy. Fath-Ali Shah refused and sent his son Abbas Mirza to deal with the Donbolis. In June Abbas Mirza entered Tabriz,[9] and finally defeated the Donboli army on September 17 and entered Khoy, effectively ending the Donbolis as a major political force in the region. In 1809 the Khanate of Tabriz was incorporated into the new established regency (velayat) of the Qajar crown prince, who hold traditionally the post of vicegerent (vali) of Azerbaijan with his seat of power at Tabriz.[10]
Khans of Tabriz
Najaf Qoli Khan I (son of Shahbaz Khan I), *1713, †1785, succeeded his father 1731 in Churs, 1731-1785 ruler of Churs and Salmas, succeeded his brother Morteza Qoli Khan II 1747 as head of the Donboli tribe, 1757-1785 ruler in Azerbaijan, 1769-1785 governor of Tabriz, 1st Khan of Tabriz
Khodadad Khan (his son), †1787 (killed by Sadegh Khan Shaqqaqi), succeeded his father 1785 in Tabriz, 1785-1787 governor of Tabriz, 2nd Khan of Tabriz
Hossein Qoli Khan (nephew of Najaf Qoli Khan), *1756, †1798, 1786-1793 and 1797-1798 governor of Khoy, 4th Khan of Khoy, 1787 incorporated Tabriz in his domains as 3rd Khan of Tabriz.
Jafar Qoli Khan Donboli (brother of Hossein Qoli Khan), opposed his brother 1793-1797 and 1799 in his brother's domains, 4th Khan of Tabriz.
Najaf Qoli Khan II (grandson of Khodadad Khan), 1809 governor and ruling Khan of Tabriz. - After him, Tabriz became the seat of the Persian crown prince of the Qajar dynasty who also was acting governor of Azerbaijan.[11][12]
References
^Prokhorov, Aleksandr Mikhaĭlovich (1973). Great Soviet Encyclopedia. Vol. 25. 272.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
^Cambridge History of Iran, vol. 7: From Nadir Shah to the Islamic Revolution, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1989.
^Mahdaviyan, Mahboub; Sakineh (2014). "Donboli, the Ruling Tribe in Khoy" (PDF).{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
^ abTapper, Richard (2006-11-02). Frontier Nomads of Iran: A Political and Social History of the Shahsevan. Cambridge University Press. ISBN978-0-521-02906-3.
^ ab"The Dynasty of the Kajars". www.wdl.org. 1833. Retrieved 2021-04-12.
^Werner, Christoph (2000). An Iranian Town in Transition: A Social and Economic History of the Elites of Tabriz, 1747-1848. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN978-3-447-04309-0.
^Werner, Christoph (2000). An Iranian Town in Transition: A Social and Economic History of the Elites of Tabriz, 1747-1848. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN978-3-447-04309-0.
^Heribert Busse: Persia's History under Qajar Rule, p. 8ff.
^Manoutchehr M. Eskandari-Qajar: Life at the Court of the Early Qajar Shahs, transl. and edit. from "Tarikh-e 'Azodi" by Soltan Ahmad Mirza 'Azod al-Dowleh, Mage Publishers, Washington 2014, pp. 140 ff.
March 03, 2023
tabriz, khanate, persian, خانات, تبریز, azerbaijani, تبریز, خانلیغی, caucasian, khanate, from, 1757, 1799, centered, around, tabriz, members, turkified, kurdish, donboli, tribe, خانات, تبریزتبریز, خانلیغی1757, 1799statuskhanatecapitaltabrizcommon, languagesper. The Tabriz Khanate Persian خانات تبریز Azerbaijani تبریز خانلیغی was a Caucasian Khanate from 1757 to 1799 centered around Tabriz and led by members of the Turkified Kurdish Donboli tribe 1 Tabriz Khanateخانات تبریزتبریز خانلیغی1757 1799StatusKhanateCapitalTabrizCommon languagesPersianAzerbaijaniReligionShia IslamGovernmentKhanateHistory Established1757 Independence from Azad Khan Afghan1757 Disestablished1799Preceded by Succeeded byAfsharid Iran Qajar IranToday part ofiran Contents 1 History 1 1 Founding 1 2 Zand period 1 3 Fall of the Khanate 2 Khans of Tabriz 3 ReferencesHistory EditFounding Edit Until the end of the Safavid dynasty the city of Tabriz and the surrounding regions belonged to Iran and was the capital of the province beglarbegi of Azerbaijan 2 The first khan of Tabriz Najaf Qoli Khan had entered the service of Nader Shah after he took Khoy from the Ottomans in 1734 3 He would accompany many of Nader Shah s later expeditions After the death of Nader Shah Afshar his empire was divided among his heirs former Afsharid generals and local militias and tribes With the war of succession between the Qajar and Zand princes for the throne of Iran the Donboli lords of Khoy and Salmas established their rule in Tabriz and extended their influence over the whole province Azad Khan Afghan a Pashtun warlord got Azerbaijan 4 Tabriz became the capital of Najaf Qoli Khan s kingdom with Fath Ali Khan Afshar as his deputy Najaf Qoli Khan kept his rank as Amir al Omara 3 Zand period Edit Najaf Qoli Khan and the Donbolis in general defected to Mohammad Hasan Khan Qajar during his invasion of Azerbaijan in 1757 and as a result they were able to put Tabriz under their control 5 Later they pledged allegiance to Karim Khan Zand during his invasion in 1763 In 1769 Najaf Qoli Khan was appointed governor of Tabriz by Karim Khan Zand 3 He kept Zand s control over Azerbaijan unusually firm After Karim Khan Zand s death in 1779 Sadiq Khan Shaqaqi and his Sarab Khanate conquered Tabriz in 1787 and killed Khodadad Khan 6 Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar s invasion of Azerbaijan in 1791 destroyed the Sarab Khanate who gave Tabriz back to the Donbolis In 1796 Agha Mohammad Khan was proclaimed as shahanshah and emperor of all of Iran Upon his death in 1797 Sadiq Khan Shaqaqi revolted against the new Iranian ruler Fath Ali and attempted to seize the lands of the Donboli but was repulsed Fall of the Khanate Edit He was pardoned but revolted again in 1798 when Jafar Khan Donboli was appointed governor of Tabriz They eventually allied themselves against the Qajars along with the Afshars of Urmia 7 Fath Ali Khan Qajar heard of the news in Dh ul Qadah 1212 April May 1798 and made a farman to discourage the elites of Tabriz from supporting the alliance 8 Iranian forces eventually moved into Azerbaijan captured Urmia on June 20 and on July 1 moved towards Salmas and Khoy and deposed Jafar Qoli Khan 7 By then Fath Ali Shah had enough of Sadiq and had him walled up and killed in the Golestan Palace in 1800 6 When Hossein Qoli Khan died in 1799 Jafar returned to Khoy with the support of the elders and asked Fath Ali Shah to confirm his position as governor of Khoy Fath Ali Shah refused and sent his son Abbas Mirza to deal with the Donbolis In June Abbas Mirza entered Tabriz 9 and finally defeated the Donboli army on September 17 and entered Khoy effectively ending the Donbolis as a major political force in the region In 1809 the Khanate of Tabriz was incorporated into the new established regency velayat of the Qajar crown prince who hold traditionally the post of vicegerent vali of Azerbaijan with his seat of power at Tabriz 10 Khans of Tabriz EditNajaf Qoli Khan I son of Shahbaz Khan I 1713 1785 succeeded his father 1731 in Churs 1731 1785 ruler of Churs and Salmas succeeded his brother Morteza Qoli Khan II 1747 as head of the Donboli tribe 1757 1785 ruler in Azerbaijan 1769 1785 governor of Tabriz 1st Khan of Tabriz Khodadad Khan his son 1787 killed by Sadegh Khan Shaqqaqi succeeded his father 1785 in Tabriz 1785 1787 governor of Tabriz 2nd Khan of Tabriz Hossein Qoli Khan nephew of Najaf Qoli Khan 1756 1798 1786 1793 and 1797 1798 governor of Khoy 4th Khan of Khoy 1787 incorporated Tabriz in his domains as 3rd Khan of Tabriz Jafar Qoli Khan Donboli brother of Hossein Qoli Khan opposed his brother 1793 1797 and 1799 in his brother s domains 4th Khan of Tabriz Najaf Qoli Khan II grandson of Khodadad Khan 1809 governor and ruling Khan of Tabriz After him Tabriz became the seat of the Persian crown prince of the Qajar dynasty who also was acting governor of Azerbaijan 11 12 References Edit Prokhorov Aleksandr Mikhaĭlovich 1973 Great Soviet Encyclopedia Vol 25 272 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location link V Minorsky 1943 Tadhkirt Al muluk a b c Oberling DONBOLI in Encyclopaedia Iranica Cambridge History of Iran vol 7 From Nadir Shah to the Islamic Revolution Cambridge University Press Cambridge 1989 Mahdaviyan Mahboub Sakineh 2014 Donboli the Ruling Tribe in Khoy PDF a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link a b Tapper Richard 2006 11 02 Frontier Nomads of Iran A Political and Social History of the Shahsevan Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 0 521 02906 3 a b The Dynasty of the Kajars www wdl org 1833 Retrieved 2021 04 12 Werner Christoph 2000 An Iranian Town in Transition A Social and Economic History of the Elites of Tabriz 1747 1848 Otto Harrassowitz Verlag ISBN 978 3 447 04309 0 Werner Christoph 2000 An Iranian Town in Transition A Social and Economic History of the Elites of Tabriz 1747 1848 Otto Harrassowitz Verlag ISBN 978 3 447 04309 0 Heribert Busse Persia s History under Qajar Rule p 8ff Oberling Pierre DONBOLI Encyclopaedia Iranica Retrieved 2011 11 29 Manoutchehr M Eskandari Qajar Life at the Court of the Early Qajar Shahs transl and edit from Tarikh e Azodi by Soltan Ahmad Mirza Azod al Dowleh Mage Publishers Washington 2014 pp 140 ff Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Tabriz Khanate amp oldid 1132273419, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
