A sympagic environment is one where water exists mostly as a solid, ice, such as a polar ice cap or glacier. Solid sea ice is permeated with channels filled with salty brine. These briny channels and the sea ice itself have its ecology, referred to as "sympagic ecology".
ROV image of krill grazing under the ice. In this image most krill swim in an upside down position directly under the ice. Only one animal (in the middle) is hovering in the open water.
Residents of temperate or tropical climates often assume, mistakenly, that ice and snow are devoid of life. In fact, a number of varieties of algae such as diatoms engage in photosynthesis in arctic and alpine regions of Earth. Other energy sources include Aeolian dust and pollen swept in from other regions. These ecosystems also include bacteria and fungi, as well as animals like flatworms and crustaceans. A number of sympagic worm species are commonly called ice worms.
Additionally, the ocean has abundant plankton, and prolific algal blooms occur in the polar regions each summer as well as in high mountain lakes, bringing nutrients to those parts of the ice in contact with the water. In the Arctic Ocean, ice algae accounts for close to half of the primary production during the summer months.[1]
In the spring, krill can scrape off the green lawn of ice algae from the underside of the pack ice.
^Ehrlich, Julia; Schaafsma, Fokje L.; Bluhm, Bodil A.; Peeken, Ilka; Castellani, Giulia; Brandt, Angelika; Flores, Hauke (2020). "Sympagic Fauna in and Under Arctic Pack Ice in the Annual Sea-Ice System of the New Arctic". Frontiers in Marine Science. 7. doi:10.3389/fmars.2020.00452. hdl:10037/20339. ISSN 2296-7745.
External linksedit
"Studies on the Arctic pack-ice habitat and sympagic meiofauna – seasonal and regional variabilities", Henrike Schünemann, University of Kiel, dissertation, 2004
Glaciology
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sympagic, ecology, sympagic, environment, where, water, exists, mostly, solid, such, polar, glacier, solid, permeated, with, channels, filled, with, salty, brine, these, briny, channels, itself, have, ecology, referred, sympagic, ecology, image, krill, grazing. A sympagic environment is one where water exists mostly as a solid ice such as a polar ice cap or glacier Solid sea ice is permeated with channels filled with salty brine These briny channels and the sea ice itself have its ecology referred to as sympagic ecology ROV image of krill grazing under the ice In this image most krill swim in an upside down position directly under the ice Only one animal in the middle is hovering in the open water Residents of temperate or tropical climates often assume mistakenly that ice and snow are devoid of life In fact a number of varieties of algae such as diatoms engage in photosynthesis in arctic and alpine regions of Earth Other energy sources include Aeolian dust and pollen swept in from other regions These ecosystems also include bacteria and fungi as well as animals like flatworms and crustaceans A number of sympagic worm species are commonly called ice worms Additionally the ocean has abundant plankton and prolific algal blooms occur in the polar regions each summer as well as in high mountain lakes bringing nutrients to those parts of the ice in contact with the water In the Arctic Ocean ice algae accounts for close to half of the primary production during the summer months 1 In the spring krill can scrape off the green lawn of ice algae from the underside of the pack ice See also editPolynyaReferences edit Ehrlich Julia Schaafsma Fokje L Bluhm Bodil A Peeken Ilka Castellani Giulia Brandt Angelika Flores Hauke 2020 Sympagic Fauna in and Under Arctic Pack Ice in the Annual Sea Ice System of the New Arctic Frontiers in Marine Science 7 doi 10 3389 fmars 2020 00452 hdl 10037 20339 ISSN 2296 7745 External links edit Studies on the Arctic pack ice habitat and sympagic meiofauna seasonal and regional variabilities Henrike Schunemann University of Kiel dissertation 2004 The Arctic Ocean of Ice Antarctic life Glaciology nbsp This ecology related article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Sympagic ecology amp oldid 1193850789, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
