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Typical warbler

April 12, 2024

The typical warblers are small birds belonging to the genus Sylvia in the "Old World warbler" (or sylviid warbler) family Sylviidae.[1][2]

Typical warblers
Garden warbler (Sylvia borin)
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Sylviidae
Genus: Sylvia
Scopoli, 1769
Type species
Motacilla atricapilla (Eurasian blackcap)
Linnaeus, 1758
Species

See text

Synonyms

Parisoma Swainson in Richardson, 1832

There are 7 species in the genus.[1][2][3][4] Typical warblers occur in the temperate to tropical regions of Europe, western and central Asia, and Africa, with the highest species diversity centred on the Mediterranean.

They are strongly built, with stouter legs and a slightly thicker bill than many other warblers. The plumage is in varying shades of grey and brown, usually darker above and paler below, with bluish or pinkish tones in several species; several also have orange-brown or rufous fringed wing feathers. The tail is square-ended in most, slightly rounded in a few, and in several species has white sides. Many of the species show some sexual dimorphism, with distinctive male and female plumages, with the males in many having black or bright grey on the heads, replaced by brown, brownish-grey or similar dusky colours in females; about a third of the species also have a conspicuous red eye ring in males. Species breeding in cool temperate regions are strongly migratory, while most of those in warmer regions are partially migratory or resident. They are active warblers usually associated with open woodland, scrub, hedges or shrubs. Their diet is largely insectivorous, though several species also eat fruit extensively, mainly small berries such as elder and ivy, particularly from late summer to late winter; one species (blackcap) also frequently takes a wide variety of human-provided foods on birdtables in winter.[2][5]

Taxonomy and systematics edit

The genus Sylvia was introduced in 1769 by the Italian naturalist Giovanni Antonio Scopoli.[6] Scopoli did not specify a type species but this was designated as the Eurasian blackcap (Sylvia atricapilla) by Charles Lucien Bonaparte in 1828.[7][8] The genus name is from Modern Latin silvia, a woodland sprite, related to silva meaning "a wood".[9]

The typical warblers are now known to form a major lineage in a clade containing also the parrotbills and some taxa formerly considered to be Old World babblers.[10][11] The other "Old World warblers" have been moved to their own families, entirely redelimiting the Sylviidae.[12]

A molecular phylogenetic study using mitochondrial DNA sequence data published in 2011 found that the species in the genus Sylvia formed two distinct clades.[13] Based on these results, the ornithologists Edward Dickinson and Leslie Christidis in the fourth edition of Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World, chose to split the genus and moved most of the species into a resurrected genus Curruca retaining only the Eurasian blackcap and the garden warbler in Sylvia. In an additional change they moved the African hill babbler and Dohrn's thrush-babbler into Sylvia.[14] The split was not made by the British Ornithologists' Union on the grounds that "a split into two genera would unnecessarily destabilize nomenclature and results in only a minor increase in phylogenetic information content."[15]

Extant species edit

The genus as currently circumscribed includes the following species:[16]

References edit

  1. ^ a b Gill, Frank; Donsker, David (eds.). "Sylviid babblers, parrotbills & white-eyes". World Bird List Version 6.3. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 4 August 2016.
  2. ^ a b c Del Hoyo, J.; Elliot, A., & Christie, D. (editors). (2006). Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 11: Old World Flycatchers to Old World Warblers. Lynx Edicions. ISBN 84-96553-06-X.
  3. ^ Helbig, A. J. (2001). The characteristics of the genus: Phylogeny and biogeography of the genus Sylvia. Pages 24–28 in: Shirihai, H., Gargallo, G., Helbig, A. J., & Harris, A. Sylvia Warblers. Helm Identification Guides ISBN 0-7136-3984-9
  4. ^ Jønsson, K. A. & Fjeldså, J. (2006). A phylogenetic supertree of oscine passerine birds (Aves: Passeri). Zool. Scripta 35 (2): 149–186. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2006.00221.x (HTML abstract)
  5. ^ Snow, D. W., & Perrins, C. M. (1998). The Birds of the Western Palearctic (Concise ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-854099-X.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. ^ Scopoli, Giovanni Antonio (1769). Annus I historico-naturalis (in Latin). Lipsiae (Leipzig): C.G. Hilscheri. p. 154.
  7. ^ Bonaparte, Charles Lucien (1828). American Ornithology; or, The Natural History of Birds Inhabiting the United States, Not Given By Wilson. Vol. 2. Philadelphia: Carey, Lea & Carey. p. 17.
  8. ^ Mayr, Ernst; Cottrell, G. William, eds. (1986). Check-list of Birds of the World. Volume 11. Vol. 11. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 270.
  9. ^ Jobling, James A (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 376. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
  10. ^ Alström, P.; Ericson, P. G. P.; Olsson, U.; Sundberg, P. (2006). "Phylogeny and classification of the avian superfamily Sylvioidea". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 38 (2): 381–397. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.05.015. PMID 16054402.
  11. ^ Cibois, Alice (2003). "Mitochondrial DNA phylogeny of babblers (Timaliidae)". The Auk. 120 (1): 35–54. doi:10.1642/0004-8038(2003)120[0035:MDPOBT]2.0.CO;2. JSTOR 4090138.
  12. ^ Cai, T.; Cibois, A.; Alström, P.; Moyle, R.G.; Kennedy, J.D.; Shao, S.; Zhang, R.; Irestedt, M.; Ericson, P.G.P.; Gelang, M.; Qu, Y.; Lei, F.; Fjeldså, J. (2019). "Near-complete phylogeny and taxonomic revision of the world's babblers (Aves: Passeriformes)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 130: 346–356. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2018.10.010.
  13. ^ Voelker, Gary; Light, Jessica E. (2011). "Palaeoclimatic events, dispersal and migratory losses along the Afro-European axis as drivers of biogeographic distribution in Sylvia warblers". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 11 (163): 163. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-11-163. PMC 3123607. PMID 21672229.
  14. ^ Dickinson, E.C.; Christidis, L., eds. (2014). The Howard & Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World, Volume 2: Passerines (4th ed.). Eastbourne, UK: Aves Press. ISBN 978-0-9568611-2-2.
  15. ^ Sangster, G.; et al. (2016). "Taxonomic recommendations for Western Palearctic birds: 11th report". Ibis. 158 (1): 206–212. doi:10.1111/ibi.12322.
  16. ^ Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P. (eds.). "Family Sylviidae". IOC World Bird List. Version 10.1. International Ornithological Congress. Retrieved 1 July 2020.

Further reading edit

  • Brambilla, Mattia; Vitulano, Severino; Spina, Fernando; Bacetti, Nicola; Gargalllo, Gabriel; Fabbri, Elena; Guidali, Franca; Randi, Ettore (2008). "A molecular phylogeny of the Sylvia cantillans complex: Cryptic species within the Mediterranean basin". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 48 (2): 461–472. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.05.013. PMID 18590968.
  • Svensson, Lars (2013). "A taxonomic revision of the Subalpine Warbler Sylvia cantillans" (PDF). Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club. 133: 240–248.
  • Svensson, Lars (2013). "Subalpine Warbler variation and taxonomy". British Birds. 106 (11): 651–668.

External links edit

  • Typical warbler videos on the Internet Bird Collection

April 12, 2024
typical, warbler, typical, warblers, small, birds, belonging, genus, sylvia, world, warbler, sylviid, warbler, family, sylviidae, sgarden, warbler, sylvia, borin, scientific, classificationdomain, eukaryotakingdom, animaliaphylum, chordataclass, avesorder, pas. The typical warblers are small birds belonging to the genus Sylvia in the Old World warbler or sylviid warbler family Sylviidae 1 2 Typical warblersGarden warbler Sylvia borin Scientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass AvesOrder PasseriformesFamily SylviidaeGenus SylviaScopoli 1769Type speciesMotacilla atricapilla Eurasian blackcap Linnaeus 1758SpeciesSee textSynonymsParisoma Swainson in Richardson 1832There are 7 species in the genus 1 2 3 4 Typical warblers occur in the temperate to tropical regions of Europe western and central Asia and Africa with the highest species diversity centred on the Mediterranean They are strongly built with stouter legs and a slightly thicker bill than many other warblers The plumage is in varying shades of grey and brown usually darker above and paler below with bluish or pinkish tones in several species several also have orange brown or rufous fringed wing feathers The tail is square ended in most slightly rounded in a few and in several species has white sides Many of the species show some sexual dimorphism with distinctive male and female plumages with the males in many having black or bright grey on the heads replaced by brown brownish grey or similar dusky colours in females about a third of the species also have a conspicuous red eye ring in males Species breeding in cool temperate regions are strongly migratory while most of those in warmer regions are partially migratory or resident They are active warblers usually associated with open woodland scrub hedges or shrubs Their diet is largely insectivorous though several species also eat fruit extensively mainly small berries such as elder and ivy particularly from late summer to late winter one species blackcap also frequently takes a wide variety of human provided foods on birdtables in winter 2 5 Contents 1 Taxonomy and systematics 1 1 Extant species 2 References 3 Further reading 4 External linksTaxonomy and systematics editThe genus Sylvia was introduced in 1769 by the Italian naturalist Giovanni Antonio Scopoli 6 Scopoli did not specify a type species but this was designated as the Eurasian blackcap Sylvia atricapilla by Charles Lucien Bonaparte in 1828 7 8 The genus name is from Modern Latin silvia a woodland sprite related to silva meaning a wood 9 The typical warblers are now known to form a major lineage in a clade containing also the parrotbills and some taxa formerly considered to be Old World babblers 10 11 The other Old World warblers have been moved to their own families entirely redelimiting the Sylviidae 12 A molecular phylogenetic study using mitochondrial DNA sequence data published in 2011 found that the species in the genus Sylvia formed two distinct clades 13 Based on these results the ornithologists Edward Dickinson and Leslie Christidis in the fourth edition of Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World chose to split the genus and moved most of the species into a resurrected genus Curruca retaining only the Eurasian blackcap and the garden warbler in Sylvia In an additional change they moved the African hill babbler and Dohrn s thrush babbler into Sylvia 14 The split was not made by the British Ornithologists Union on the grounds that a split into two genera would unnecessarily destabilize nomenclature and results in only a minor increase in phylogenetic information content 15 Extant species edit The genus as currently circumscribed includes the following species 16 Eurasian blackcap Sylvia atricapilla Garden warbler Sylvia borin Dohrn s warbler Sylvia dohrni Abyssinian catbird Sylvia galinieri Bush blackcap Sylvia nigricapillus African hill babbler Sylvia abyssinica Rwenzori hill babbler Sylvia atricepsReferences edit a b Gill Frank Donsker David eds Sylviid babblers parrotbills amp white eyes World Bird List Version 6 3 International Ornithologists Union Retrieved 4 August 2016 a b c Del Hoyo J Elliot A amp Christie D editors 2006 Handbook of the Birds of the World Volume 11 Old World Flycatchers to Old World Warblers Lynx Edicions ISBN 84 96553 06 X Helbig A J 2001 The characteristics of the genus Phylogeny and biogeography of the genus Sylvia Pages 24 28 in Shirihai H Gargallo G Helbig A J amp Harris A Sylvia Warblers Helm Identification Guides ISBN 0 7136 3984 9 Jonsson K A amp Fjeldsa J 2006 A phylogenetic supertree of oscine passerine birds Aves Passeri Zool Scripta 35 2 149 186 doi 10 1111 j 1463 6409 2006 00221 x HTML abstract Snow D W amp Perrins C M 1998 The Birds of the Western Palearctic Concise ed Oxford Oxford University Press ISBN 0 19 854099 X a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Scopoli Giovanni Antonio 1769 Annus I historico naturalis in Latin Lipsiae Leipzig C G Hilscheri p 154 Bonaparte Charles Lucien 1828 American Ornithology or The Natural History of Birds Inhabiting the United States Not Given By Wilson Vol 2 Philadelphia Carey Lea amp Carey p 17 Mayr Ernst Cottrell G William eds 1986 Check list of Birds of the World Volume 11 Vol 11 Cambridge Massachusetts Museum of Comparative Zoology p 270 Jobling James A 2010 The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names London Christopher Helm p 376 ISBN 978 1 4081 2501 4 Alstrom P Ericson P G P Olsson U Sundberg P 2006 Phylogeny and classification of the avian superfamily Sylvioidea Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 38 2 381 397 doi 10 1016 j ympev 2005 05 015 PMID 16054402 Cibois Alice 2003 Mitochondrial DNA phylogeny of babblers Timaliidae The Auk 120 1 35 54 doi 10 1642 0004 8038 2003 120 0035 MDPOBT 2 0 CO 2 JSTOR 4090138 Cai T Cibois A Alstrom P Moyle R G Kennedy J D Shao S Zhang R Irestedt M Ericson P G P Gelang M Qu Y Lei F Fjeldsa J 2019 Near complete phylogeny and taxonomic revision of the world s babblers Aves Passeriformes Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 130 346 356 doi 10 1016 j ympev 2018 10 010 Voelker Gary Light Jessica E 2011 Palaeoclimatic events dispersal and migratory losses along the Afro European axis as drivers of biogeographic distribution in Sylvia warblers BMC Evolutionary Biology 11 163 163 doi 10 1186 1471 2148 11 163 PMC 3123607 PMID 21672229 Dickinson E C Christidis L eds 2014 The Howard amp Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World Volume 2 Passerines 4th ed Eastbourne UK Aves Press ISBN 978 0 9568611 2 2 Sangster G et al 2016 Taxonomic recommendations for Western Palearctic birds 11th report Ibis 158 1 206 212 doi 10 1111 ibi 12322 Gill F Donsker D Rasmussen P eds Family Sylviidae IOC World Bird List Version 10 1 International Ornithological Congress Retrieved 1 July 2020 Further reading editBrambilla Mattia Vitulano Severino Spina Fernando Bacetti Nicola Gargalllo Gabriel Fabbri Elena Guidali Franca Randi Ettore 2008 A molecular phylogeny of the Sylvia cantillans complex Cryptic species within the Mediterranean basin Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 48 2 461 472 doi 10 1016 j ympev 2008 05 013 PMID 18590968 Svensson Lars 2013 A taxonomic revision of the Subalpine Warbler Sylvia cantillans PDF Bulletin of the British Ornithologists Club 133 240 248 Svensson Lars 2013 Subalpine Warbler variation and taxonomy British Birds 106 11 651 668 External links editTypical warbler videos on the Internet Bird Collection Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Typical warbler amp oldid 1216575884, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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