Swinburne Hale

Swinburne Hale (1884–1937) was an American lawyer, poet, and socialist, best remembered as one of the leading civil rights attorneys of the decade of the 1920s. Hale was a Harvard College classmate of Roger Nash Baldwin and law partner of Walter Nelles and Isaac Shorr and was active in the establishment and early work of the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU). Hale also played a role in the progressive politics of the early 1920s as a leading member of the Committee of Forty-Eight and a spokesman for the fledgling Farmer-Labor Party.^[1][2][3]

Swinburne Hale (circa 1921)

Background

 

Harvard Monthly medal awarded to Hale in 1905

Swinburne Hale was born on April 5, 1884, in Ithaca, New York, one of four children of Latin scholar William Gardner Hale, head of the Latin Department at the University of Chicago.^[1][2] His mother Harriett Knowles Swinburne was college-educated and active in the women's suffrage movement.^[1][2] In 1905, Hale received his Bachelor of Arts from Harvard University, where he lived in Grays Hall during freshman year.^[1][3] In 1908, he received an LLB from Harvard Law School.^[1][3]

Career

Hale moved to Greenwich Village in New York City, where he came to know many writers and artists while practicing as a lawyer.^[2] By 1912, he was already an outspoken advocate for women's suffrage.^[4]

Hale was a member of the law firm of Hale, Nelles, and Shorr, which "defended radicals." His partners were Isaac Shorr and Walter Nelles. Carlo Tresca, a prominent Italian anarchist, was well acquainted with them.^[5]

Publishing

In 1917, Hale helped publish a magazine called New France that focused on American reconstruction France after World War I.^[1]

World War I

In 1918, Hale became a captain in the Intelligence Division of General Staff of the United States Army.^[1][2]

Law and politics

After World War I, Hale "became more closely identified with Socialist activities," although his partner Walter Nelles described him as "not a Socialist but interested in socialism."^[2]

In 1919, Hale became a member of the Committee of 48,^[1] a progress party for social reform that went on to support Robert M. La Follette as presidential candidate for a Progressive Party in 1924. He also served as counsel for communists taken to Ellis Island^[1] for deportation as a result of the Palmer Raids that comprised the First Red Scare.

Hales was very active in 1920:

• He joined Alfred Bettman, former Special Assistant United States Attorney General in charge of sedition, in testifying before the Rules Committee of the United States House of Representatives.^[1]
• In July, he was active during a convention of the Committee of 48.^[2]
• In the fall, he served as publicist for the newly formed Farmer-Labor Party (FLP). In his efforts on behalf of the FLP, Hale was careful to delineate the differences between his fledgling organization and the rival Socialist Party of America (SPA), noting that while the SPA included only "simon-pure socialists," the FLP made a broader appeal, targeting not only wage-workers but also farmers, small business proprietors, and professionals.^[6]
• He wrote to Tom Mooney, "We are in a hot bed of repression here, with only a very few lawyers who are willing and able to handle the situation, and who are hopelessly overworked."^[7]

Personal life and death

Walter Nelles was a personal friend of Hale's.^[1]

Hale married twice.^[1] In 1910, he married Beatrice Forbes-Robertson; they divorced in 1920.^[1][2][3] They had three daughters.^[2] In 1921, he married Marie Tudor Garland Green, a disinherited heiress.^[1][8] Between 1922 and 1924 while living mostly in Taos, New Mexico, Hale had an affair with artist Greta R. Hercz.^[1]

In 1925, Hale bought a coal yard in Westport, Connecticut, to remake into a studio with apartments as an artists and writers colony.^[9] Also in 1925, Hale suffered a nervous breakdown.^[2][1]

Swinburne Hale died age 53 on July 3, 1937, in a sanitarium in Westport, Connecticut.^[2][1]

Legacy

His papers are housed at the New York Public Library in New York City, where they occupy 8 archival boxes and 1 oversized folder. The papers cover 1908-1924 with "primarily of personal correspondence" and "do not reflect his activities as a lawyer or his socialist sympathies."^[1]

Works

Poetry:

• The Demon's Notebook: Verse and Perverse. New York: N.L. Brown, 1923^[1]

Law-Politics:

• Do We Need More Sedition Laws? : Testimony of Alfred Bettman and Swinburne Hale before the Committee on Rules of the House of Representatives. New York: American Civil Liberties Union, n.d. [1920].
• "Reds, Deportations, and Palmerism," in Alexander Trachtenberg and Benjamin Glassberg (eds.), The American Labor Year Book, 1921-1922. New York: Rand School of Social Science, n.d. [1921]; pp. 34–39.

References

1. Buelinckx, Marleen (2003). "Swinburne Hale Papers, 1901-1924". New York Public Library. p. 4. Retrieved 15 October 2020.
2. "Swinburne Hale, Lawyer, 53, Dies; New York Attorney Had Been Lead in Liberal Groups Before He Retired". New York Times. 4 July 1937. p. 6. Retrieved 15 October 2020.
3. "Actress Suffragette to Marry Lawyer; Miss Beatrice Forbes-Robertson, Niece of Forbes-Robertson, Engaged to Swinburne Hale". New York Times. 29 April 1910. p. 9. Retrieved 15 October 2020.
4. "Male Republic Archaic; Swinburne Hale Says Bi-Sexed Democracy Will Follow Men's Rule". New York Times. 19 May 1912. p. 5. Retrieved 15 October 2020.
5. Pernicone, Nunzio (25 April 2011). Carlo Tresca: Portrait of a Rebel. Read How You Want. p. 227 (firm), 397 (Darrow). ISBN 9781459618909. Retrieved 27 September 2017.
6. "'Farmer-Labor Party has Hold in West' -S. Hale: Foundations Being Laid for a Great Third Party to Become of Vital Importance in American Politics". Harvard Crimson. 18 October 1920. Retrieved 15 October 2020.
7. Polenberg, Richard (1999). Fighting Faiths: The Abrams Case, the Supreme Court, and Free Speech. Cornell University Press. p. 75. ISBN 0801486181. Retrieved 27 September 2017.
8. "Swinburne Hale Weds Mrs. M.T. Garland; New York Lawyer Marries in Paris Widow Who Gave Up Income of $333,333 to Wed F.C. Green". New York Times. 3 March 1921. p. 12. Retrieved 15 October 2020.
9. "Poet Buys A Coal Yard; Swinburne Hale Will Build Studios for Westport Artists". New York Times. 23 July 1925. p. 19. Retrieved 15 October 2020.

External links

• Nyberg, Lyle (2020). Summer Suffragists: Woman Suffrage Activists in Scituate, Massachusetts. p. 284. ISBN 9781735474502. Retrieved 14 September 2020.