Suzuki K engine
The Suzuki K engine family is a series of automobile engines from Suzuki, introduced in 1994. Displacements range from 0.7 L to 1.5 L. All engines have aluminium cylinder blocks with three or four cylinders in-line. Cylinder heads have two overhead camshafts, driven by chain, and four valves per cylinder. Fuel is gasoline/petrol, metered by multipoint fuel injection or direct injection. Some variants are turbocharged.
| Suzuki K engine | |
|---|---|
Suzuki K15B engine | |
| Overview | |
| Manufacturer | Suzuki |
| Production | 1994–present |
| Layout | |
| Configuration | |
| Displacement |
|
| Cylinder bore |
|
| Piston stroke |
|
| Cylinder block material | Aluminium |
| Cylinder head material | Aluminium |
| Valvetrain | DOHC 4 valves per cylinder with VVT (since 1999)[1] |
| Valvetrain drive system | Timing Chain |
| Compression ratio | 8.4–13.0:1 |
| RPM range | |
| Max. engine speed | 6200–8500 rpm |
| Combustion | |
| Turbocharger | IHI, Mitsubishi |
| Fuel system | multipoint fuel injection or direct injection |
| Fuel type | |
| Oil system | Wet sump |
| Cooling system | Water-cooled |
| Output | |
| Power output | 37–146 PS (36–144 hp; 27–107 kW) |
| Torque output | 55–235 N⋅m (6–24 kg⋅m; 41–173 lb⋅ft) |
| Chronology | |
| Predecessor | |
| Successor | Suzuki R engine |
Since 2013, some of the K engines range have been upgraded with Dualjet technology.[2] The upgrades include new two injectors per cylinder, increased compression ratio (improving the thermal efficiency), redesigned water jacket shape, piston cooling by oil jets, water-cooled EGR system and several other changes for fuel efficiency.[3] The turbocharged variant with direct injection fuel system is called Boosterjet.[4][5]
Furthermore, a mild hybrid technology with 12 or 48-volt Integrated Motor Generator (ISG) dubbed as Smart Hybrid Vehicle by Suzuki (SHVS) is available for markets with stricter emission regulation, such as Europe, Japan, Singapore and India. This mild hybrid technology helps to increase fuel mileage, providing optional acceleration and also reduces emissions.[6][7] A strong hybrid variant with Motor Generator Unit (MGU) is available in Europe and Japan.
Three-cylinder edit
K6A edit
This is the first K engine that appeared in 1994 and was discontinued in 2018. It is the smallest in the family and also the first K engine with VVT.[1] This engine was available in several versions, such as naturally aspirated, turbocharged, lean-burn, CNG and strong hybrid. The hybrid version was also the first hybrid engine in the kei car class and only available for Suzuki Twin.[8]
Technical specifications:
- Displacement: 658 cc (0.66 L)
- Bore and stroke: 68 mm x 60.4 mm
- Valvetrain: DOHC, 12-valve, with or without VVT
- Compression ratio: 8.4–8.9 (turbo), 10.5 (NA)
- Maximum power:
- 37–54 PS (27–40 kW; 36–53 hp) at 5500–6500 rpm (NA)
- 60–64 PS (44–47 kW; 59–63 hp) at 6000–6500rpm (turbo)
- 50 PS (36.8 kW; 49.3 hp) at 6500 rpm (CNG)
- Maximum torque:
- 55–63 N⋅m (6–6 kg⋅m; 41–46 lb⋅ft) at 3500–4000 rpm (NA)
- 83–108 N⋅m (8–11 kg⋅m; 61–80 lb⋅ft) at 3000–3500rpm (turbo)
- 58 N⋅m (6 kg⋅m; 43 lb⋅ft) at 3500 rpm (CNG)
Applications:
- Naturally aspirated
- 1995–2018 Suzuki Jimny
- 1997–2012 Suzuki Wagon R/Mazda AZ-Wagon
- 1998–2008 Suzuki Kei
- 1998–2014 Suzuki Alto
- 1998–2014 Mazda Carol
- 1999–2006 Mazda Laputa
- 2001–2011 Suzuki MR Wagon/Nissan Moco
- 2001–2013 Suzuki Carry/Every
- 2001–2013 Mazda Scrum Truck
- 2002–2008 Mazda Spiano
- 2002–2015 Suzuki Alto Lapin
- 2003–2005 Suzuki Twin
- 2004–2009 Arctic Cat T660
- 2006–2009 Suzuki Cervo
- 2008–2013 Suzuki Palette
- 2009–2013 Nissan Roox
- 2010–2010 Nissan Pino
- 2012–2013 Mazda Flair Wagon
- Turbocharged
- 1994–1998 Suzuki Alto
- 1995–1998 Suzuki Cappuccino
- 1995–2018 Suzuki Jimny
- 1997–2012 Suzuki Wagon R/Mazda AZ-Wagon
- 1998–2008 Suzuki Kei
- 1998–2008 Mazda AZ-Offroad
- 1999–2006 Mazda Laputa
- 2001–2011 Suzuki MR Wagon/Nissan Moco
- 2001–2013 Suzuki Every/Mazda Scrum Van
- 2002–2008 Mazda Spiano
- 2002–2015 Suzuki Alto Lapin
- 2004–2009 Arctic Cat T660 Turbo (110 hp)
- 2006–2009 Suzuki Cervo
- 2008–2013 Suzuki Palette
- 2009–2013 Nissan Roox
- 2012–2013 Mazda Flair Wagon
- 2013–2017 Caterham 7 160/165 (80 hp)
K10B edit
The three-cylinder 1.0-litre version of K engine, fitted in many Suzuki's city cars since 2008. In 2014, this engine was reworked by increasing the compression ratio from 10.0 to 11.0:1 and known as K-Next. This changes claimed to increase the petrol mileage over 23km/L, achieved maximum power on lower rev and reduced frictional losses.[9] CNG variant also available for Indian domestic market.
Technical specifications:
- Displacement: 996 cc (1.0 L)
- Bore and stroke: 73 mm x 79.4 mm
- Valvetrain: DOHC, 12-valve
- Compression ratio: 10.0–11.0
- Maximum power:
- 65–68 PS (48–50 kW; 64–67 hp) at 6000 rpm
- 59 PS (43 kW; 58 hp) at 6000 rpm (CNG)
- Maximum torque:
- 90 N⋅m (66 lb⋅ft) at 3500 rpm
- 78 N⋅m (58 lb⋅ft) at 3500 rpm (CNG)
Applications:
- 2008–2014 Suzuki Splash
- 2008–2014 Opel/Vauxhall Agila ecoFLEX
- 2009–2014 Suzuki Alto/A-Star/Nissan Pixo
- 2009–2014 Maruti Suzuki Estilo/Karimun Estilo (India & Indonesia)
- 2010–present Suzuki Wagon R (India[2010-2022], Pakistan & Sri Lanka)
- 2010–2020 Suzuki Alto K10
- 2013–2021 Suzuki Karimun Wagon R (Indonesia)
- 2014–present Suzuki Celerio/Cultus (India [2014-2021])
- 2019–2022 Suzuki S-Presso
K10C edit
Reworked version of K10B engine with naturally aspirated Dualjet or turbocharged direct injection Boosterjet technology. The compression ratio was increased from 11.0:1 to 12.0:1 for more thermal efficiency and reduced frictional losses. Suzuki's SHVS mild hybrid system is available for this engine in European and Japanese market. The CNG version is also available for Indian market.
Technical specifications:
- Displacement: 998 cc (1.0 L)
- Bore and stroke: 73 mm x 79.4 mm
- Valvetrain: DOHC, 12-valve, Single or Dual VVT
- Compression ratio: 10.0 (turbo), 12.0 (NA)
- Maximum power:
- 65–68 PS (48–50 kW; 64–67 hp) at 5500–6000 rpm (NA)
- 57 PS (42 kW; 56 hp) at 5300 rpm (CNG)
- 3 PS (2 kW; 3 hp) at 1000 rpm (electric motor)
- 99–111 PS (73–82 kW; 98–109 hp) at 5500 rpm (turbo)
- Maximum torque:
- 89–93 N⋅m (9–9 kg⋅m; 66–69 lb⋅ft) at 3500 rpm (NA)
- 82 N⋅m (8 kg⋅m; 60 lb⋅ft) at 3400 rpm (CNG)
- 150–170 N⋅m (15–17 kg⋅m; 111–125 lb⋅ft) at 1500–4500 rpm (turbo)
- 50 N⋅m (5 kg⋅m; 37 lb⋅ft) at 100 rpm (electric motor)
Applications:
- Naturally aspirated
- 2015–present Suzuki Celerio
- 2022–present (Maruti) Suzuki Wagon R
- 2022–present (Maruti) Suzuki Alto K10
- 2022–present Suzuki S-Presso
- Turbocharged
- 2015–2022 Suzuki Baleno
- 2016–2021 Suzuki SX4 S-Cross (Europe)
- 2017–present Suzuki Swift
- 2017–present Suzuki Xbee
- 2018–2021 Suzuki Vitara (Europe)
- 2023–present Suzuki Fronx/2024–present Toyota Taisor
Four-cylinder edit
K10A edit
The smallest four-cylinder K-series engine.
Technical specifications:
- Displacement: 996 cc (1.0 L)
- Bore and stroke: 68 mm x 68.6 mm
- Valvetrain: DOHC, 16-valve, with or without VVT
- Compression ratio: 8.4 (turbo), 10.0 (NA)
- Maximum power:
- 65–70 PS (48–51 kW; 64–69 hp) at 6500–7000 rpm (NA)
- 100 PS (74 kW; 99 hp) at 6500 rpm (turbo)
- Maximum torque:
- 88 N⋅m (9 kg⋅m; 65 lb⋅ft) at 3500 rpm (NA)
- 118 N⋅m (12 kg⋅m; 87 lb⋅ft) at 4000 rpm (turbo)
Applications:
- Naturally aspirated
- 1997–2002 Suzuki Wagon R+
- 1999–2001 Chevrolet Wagon R+ (Colombia/Ecuador)
- 1999–2003 Chevrolet Alto (Colombia/Ecuador)
- 2000–2002 Chevrolet MW (Japan)
- Turbocharged
- 1997–2000 Suzuki Wagon R+ (Japan)
- 2000–2002 Chevrolet MW (Japan)
K12A edit
Technical specifications:
- Displacement: 1,172 cc (1.2 L)
- Bore and stroke: 71 mm x 74 mm
- Valvetrain: DOHC, 16-valve
- Compression ratio: 9.3
- Maximum power:
- 69 PS (51 kW; 68 hp) at 6000 rpm
- Maximum torque:
- 95 N⋅m (10 kg⋅m; 70 lb⋅ft) at 3250 rpm
Applications:
- 1998–2000 Suzuki Wagon R+ (Europe)
K12B edit
Appeared first in 2008 and reworked with Dualjet technology in 2013.[2] In China, this engine was also used by Suzuki's former joint venture partners, Changan Suzuki and its subsidiaries. Known under E-Power EA12[10] or JL473Q[11] names.
Technical specifications:
- Displacement: 1,242 cc (1.24 L)
- Bore and stroke: 73 mm x 74.2 mm
- Valvetrain: DOHC, 16-valve, VVT
- Compression ratio: 11.0–12.0
- Maximum power:
- 86–92 PS (63–68 kW; 85–91 hp) at 5500–6000 rpm
- Maximum torque:
- 114–118 N⋅m (12–12 kg⋅m; 84–87 lb⋅ft) at 4400–4800 rpm
Applications:
- 2008–2014 Suzuki Splash
- 2008–2014 Opel/Vauxhall Agila
- 2010–2017 Suzuki Swift
- 2011–2015 Suzuki Solio/Mitsubishi Delica D:2
- 2012–present Changan/Changhe/Chana Star series
- 2013–2016 Changan CX20[10]
- 2014–present Suzuki Ciaz
- 2014–present Changan SC6418
- 2019–present Esemka Bima 1.2
K12C edit
The Dualjet version of K12B engine and can also combined with 12-volt SHVS mild hybrid technology[12] or a strong hybrid system with Motor Generator Unit (MGU).[13][14]
Technical specifications:
- Displacement: 1,242 cc (1.24 L)
- Bore and stroke: 73 mm x 74.2 mm
- Valvetrain: DOHC, 16-valve, Dual VVT
- Compression ratio: 12.5
- Maximum power:
- 90–91 PS (66–67 kW; 89–90 hp) at 6000 rpm
- 3 PS (2 kW; 3 hp) at 1000 rpm (mild hybrid electric motor)
- 14 PS (10 kW; 14 hp) at 3185–8000 rpm (strong hybrid electric motor)
- Maximum torque:
- 120 N⋅m (12 kg⋅m; 89 lb⋅ft) at 4400 rpm
- 50 N⋅m (5 kg⋅m; 37 lb⋅ft) at 100 rpm (mild hybrid electric motor)
- 30 N⋅m (3 kg⋅m; 22 lb⋅ft) at 1000–3185 rpm (strong hybrid electric motor)
Applications:
- 2015–present Suzuki Solio/Mitsubishi Delica D:2
- 2017–present Suzuki Swift
- 2015–present Suzuki Ignis
- 2015–2020 Suzuki Baleno (Europe and Japan)
K12D edit
Replacing the previous K12C Dualjet engine for European (and several other markets), as the European emission standard has moved to Euro 6d stage. The displacement is the same as K12M and K12N Dualjet engines. The SHVS mild hybrid system is also standard.[12]
Technical specifications:
- Displacement: 1,197 cc (1.2 L)
- Bore and stroke: 73 mm x 71.5 mm
- Valvetrain: DOHC, 16-valve, Dual VVT
- Compression ratio: 13.0
- Maximum power:
- 83 PS (61 kW; 82 hp) at 6000 rpm
- 3 PS (2 kW; 3 hp) at 800 rpm (electric motor)
- Maximum torque:
- 107 N⋅m (11 kg⋅m; 79 lb⋅ft) at 2000 rpm
- 35 N⋅m (4 kg⋅m; 26 lb⋅ft) at 499 rpm (electric motor)
Applications:
- 2020–present Suzuki Swift Hybrid
- 2020–present Suzuki Ignis Hybrid
K12M edit
Destroked version of the K12B, developed by Maruti Suzuki. Mainly for the Indian market as the country imposed higher excise tax for petrol engines larger than 1,200 cc. This engine is also available for markets in South East Asia, South America and Africa; in 2020 the K12D derivative was developed from this.
VVT technology was added for this engine in 2012. In February 2018, the Dualjet version was introduced first in Thailand with higher 11.5:1 compression ratio.[15][16]
Technical specifications:
- Displacement: 1,197 cc (1.2 L)
- Bore and stroke: 73 mm x 71.5 mm
- Valvetrain: DOHC, 16-valve, with or without VVT
- Compression ratio: 10.5–11.5
- Maximum power:
- 83–87 PS (61–64 kW; 82–86 hp) at 6000 rpm
- 71 PS (52 kW; 70 hp) at 6000 rpm (CNG)
- Maximum torque:
- 108–113 N⋅m (11–12 kg⋅m; 80–83 lb⋅ft) at 4000–4400 rpm
- 95 N⋅m (10 kg⋅m; 70 lb⋅ft) at 4000 rpm (CNG)
Applications:
- 2009–2016 Suzuki Splash/Maruti Ritz
- 2010–2021 Suzuki Swift
- 2010–2021 Suzuki Dzire
- 2015–2022 Suzuki Baleno (India)
- 2017–present Suzuki Ignis
- 2019–2022 Suzuki Wagon R (India)
- 2019–2022 Toyota Glanza (India)
K12N edit
Dualjet version of K12M engine with and also available with SHVS mild hybrid technology.
Technical specifications:
- Displacement: 1,197 cc (1.2 L)
- Bore and stroke: 73 mm x 71.5 mm
- Valvetrain: DOHC, 16-valve, Dual VVT
- Compression ratio: 12.0
- Maximum power:
- 90 PS (66 kW; 89 hp) at 6000 rpm
- 75.5 PS (56 kW; 74 hp) at 6000 rpm (CNG)
- Maximum torque:
- 113 N⋅m (12 kg⋅m; 83 lb⋅ft) at 4200 rpm
- 98.5 N⋅m (10 kg⋅m; 73 lb⋅ft) at 4300 rpm (CNG)
Applications:
- 2020–present Suzuki Dzire (India)
- 2021–present Suzuki Swift (India)
- 2019–present Suzuki Baleno/Toyota Glanza (India) [Available for Mild Hybrid Delta and Zeta trims and without CVT option from 2019 to 2022 and all trims from 2023]
- 2022–present Suzuki Wagon R (India)
- 2022–present Suzuki Eeco
- 2023–present Suzuki Fronx/2024–present Toyota Taisor
K14B edit
Similar as K12B, this engine was also used by Suzuki's former joint venture partner in China. Known under E-Power EA14[10] or JL473Q1[17] names.
Technical specifications:
- Displacement: 1,372 cc (1.4 L; 83.7 cu in)
- Bore and stroke: 73 mm x 82 mm
- Valvetrain: DOHC, 16-valve, VVT
- Compression ratio: 10.0–11.0
- Maximum power:
- 92–96 PS (68–71 kW; 91–95 hp) at 6000 rpm
- 84 PS (62 kW; 83 hp) at 6000 rpm (CNG)
- Maximum torque:
- 130–134 N⋅m (13–14 kg⋅m; 96–99 lb⋅ft) at 4000–4800 rpm
- 110 N⋅m (11 kg⋅m; 81 lb⋅ft) at 4000–4800 rpm (CNG)
Applications:
- 2010–2017 Suzuki Swift
- 2011–2018 Changhe Spla (China/South America)[18]
- 2012–present Changhe Big Dipper
- 2012–present Changhe Suzuki Landy/Coolcar[19]
- 2012–2016 Changhe Ideal
- 2012–2019 Suzuki Ertiga
- 2013–2015 Chana Eulove
- 2013–present Changan Alsvin
- 2013–2016 Changan CX20[20]
- 2013–2017 Mazda VX-1 (Indonesia)
- 2013–2018 Changhe Suzuki Liana (China)[21]
- 2014–present Changan Benni
- 2014–2015 Chana Taurustar
- 2014–2017 Changan Alsvin V3[17]
- 2014–present Suzuki Ciaz
- 2015–present Changhe Freedom M50[22]
- 2016–2019 Proton Ertiga (Malaysia)
- 2017–2022 Suzuki Baleno
- 2020–2022 Toyota Starlet (Africa)[23]
K14C edit
Boosterjet version of K14B engine with direct injection and turbocharger. This engine is no longer available since mid-2020 for European market and replaced by K14D Boosterjet mild hybrid engine.
Technical specifications:
- Displacement: 1,372 cc (1.4 L)
- Bore and stroke: 73 mm x 82 mm
- Valvetrain: DOHC, 16-valve, VVT
- Compression ratio: 9.9
- Maximum power:
- 136–146 PS (100–107 kW; 134–144 hp) at 5500 rpm
- Maximum torque:
- 210–230 N⋅m (21–23 kg⋅m; 155–170 lb⋅ft) at 1500–4000 rpm
Applications:
- 2015–present Suzuki Vitara/Escudo
- 2016–present Suzuki SX4 S-Cross
- 2018–present Suzuki Swift Sport
K14D edit
Reworked K14C Boosterjet engine for European market. Combined with a 48-volt SHVS mild hybrid technology to pass Euro 6d emission standard.[24]
Technical specifications:
- Displacement: 1,372 cc (1.4 L)
- Bore and stroke: 73 mm x 82 mm
- Valvetrain: DOHC, 16-valve, Dual VVT
- Compression ratio: 10.8
- Maximum power:
- 129 PS (95 kW; 127 hp) at 5500 rpm
- 14 PS (10 kW; 14 hp) at 3000 rpm (electric motor)
- Maximum torque:
- 235 N⋅m (24 kg⋅m; 173 lb⋅ft) at 2000 rpm
- 53 N⋅m (5 kg⋅m; 39 lb⋅ft) at 3000 rpm
Applications:
- 2020–present Suzuki SX4 S-Cross Hybrid (Europe)
- 2020–present Suzuki Swift Sport Hybrid (Europe, Singapore, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau)
- 2020–present Suzuki Vitara Hybrid (Europe)
K15B edit
The biggest engine in the range. SHVS mild hybrid system also available and claimed over 17% more fuel efficient that the non-SHVS engine.[25]
Technical specifications:
- Displacement: 1,462 cc (1.5 L)
- Bore and stroke: 74 mm x 85 mm
- Valvetrain: DOHC, 16-valve, VVT
- Compression ratio: 10.0–10.5
- Maximum power:
- 102–106 PS (75–78 kW; 101–105 hp) at 6000 rpm
- 92 PS (68 kW; 91 hp) at 6000 rpm (CNG)
- Maximum torque:
- 130–138 N⋅m (13–14 kg⋅m; 96–102 lb⋅ft) 4000–4400 rpm
- 122 N⋅m (12 kg⋅m; 90 lb⋅ft) at 4400 rpm (CNG)
Applications:
- 2018–present Suzuki Ciaz Hybrid (India)
- 2018–present Suzuki Ertiga
- 2018–present Suzuki Jimny Sierra
- 2019–present Suzuki XL6/XL7
- 2020–2022 Suzuki S-Cross Hybrid (India)
- 2020–2022 Suzuki Vitara Brezza/Toyota Urban Cruiser (India)
- 2021–present Toyota Belta (Middle East)
- 2022–present Suzuki Baleno (Global)
- 2023–present Suzuki Grand Vitara (Africa, FWD only)
K15B-C edit
This engine is similar as the regular K15B, but designed for commercial use. The differences are including different cylinder head cover made from metal with 7 bolts instead of resin material with 12 bolts on the regular K15B engine, different intake manifold position, shorter camshaft profile, lower compression ratio pistons, different timing chain cover design without engine mount (similar as previous generation Suzuki Carry) and different oil pan shape.[26]
Technical specifications:
- Displacement: 1,462 cc (1.5 L)
- Bore and stroke: 74 mm x 85 mm
- Valvetrain: DOHC, 16-valve
- Compression ratio: 10.0
- Maximum power:
- 97 PS (71 kW; 96 hp) at 5600 rpm
- Maximum torque:
- 135 N⋅m (14 kg⋅m; 100 lb⋅ft) at 4400 rpm
Application:
- 2019–present Suzuki Carry (International model)
K15C edit
Dualjet version of K15B engine, it is available in Europe and Japan with 140V strong hybrid combined to a Motor Generator Unit (MGU). Mild hybrid and CNG version is also available, the latter is only available in India.
Technical specifications:
- Displacement: 1,462 cc (1.5 L)
- Bore and stroke: 74 mm x 85 mm
- Valvetrain: DOHC, 16-valve, Dual VVT
- Compression ratio: 12.0-13.0
- Maximum power:
- 100–103 PS (74–76 kW; 99–102 hp) at 6000 rpm
- 87 PS (64 kW; 86 hp) at 5500 rpm (CNG)
- 3 PS (2 kW; 3 hp) at 900 rpm (MHEV electric motor)
- 33 PS (24 kW; 33 hp) at 5500 rpm (HEV electric motor)
- 115 PS (85 kW; 113 hp) at 5500 rpm (petrol + HEV electric motor)
- Maximum torque:
- 132–137 N⋅m (13–14 kg⋅m; 97–101 lb⋅ft) at 4400 rpm
- 122 N⋅m (12 kg⋅m; 90 lb⋅ft) at 4200 rpm
- 60 N⋅m (6 kg⋅m; 44 lb⋅ft) at 100-2000 rpm (HEV electric motor)
Application:
- 2022–present Suzuki Brezza
- 2022–present Suzuki Ertiga (India)
- 2022–present Suzuki Grand Vitara/Toyota Urban Cruiser Hyryder
- 2022–present Suzuki SX4 S-Cross Full Hybrid (Europe)
- 2022–present Suzuki Vitara/Escudo Full Hybrid (Europe/Japan)
- 2022–present Suzuki XL6 (India)
- 2023–present Suzuki Fronx
See also edit
References edit
- ^ a b "スズキ ワゴンR". www.carsensor.net (in Japanese).
- ^ a b "スズキ・スイフトXS-DJE（FF/CVT） - 真面目グルマの秘密兵器" [Suzuki Swift XS-DJE (FF/CVT) - Serious Gurma's Secret Weapon]. www.webcg.net (in Japanese). 2013-09-23. Retrieved 2020-12-06.
- ^ Kumar, Sukrit. "What Makes The 2020 Maruti Suzuki Dzire's K12C Dualjet Engine So Efficient?". www.zigwheels.com.
- ^ "Meet the Suzuki BOOSTERJET engine (video)". SuzukiCarsUK.
- ^ "BOOSTERJET Technology". www.suzuki.co.nz.
- ^ "SHVS mild hybrid + DUALJET (Video)". Suzuki Global (YouTube).
- ^ "SMART HYBRID TECHNOLOGY". www.marutisuzuki.com.
- ^ "経済的・実用的な２シーター軽乗用車「ツイン」発売－軽自動車として初めてハイブリッドシステム搭載車を発売－". Suzuki (Press release). 22 January 2003. Retrieved 25 September 2020.
- ^ . The Economic Times. 2014-02-07. Archived from the original on 2022-06-04.
- ^ a b c "长安CX20全新改款上市 动力更加给力". m.autohome.com.cn (in Chinese).
- ^ "Changan SC1027SA". auto-che.com.
- ^ a b "Retro refresh: Suzuki Ignis updated for 2020". www.carmagazine.co.uk. 2020-03-03.
- ^ "Suzuki Launches New Solio and Solio Bandit Compact Cars Equipped with Hybrid System in Japan". www.globalsuzuki.com. 2016-10-29.
- ^ M., Surendhar (2017-07-15). "New Suzuki Swift Hybrid Launched in Japan". gaadiwaadi.com.
- ^ "NEW Suzuki Swift 1.2 Dual JET จะมีให้เลือก 4 รุ่นย่อย 6 สีตัวถัง เตรียมเปิดตัวในไทย 8 ก.พ. นี้" [NEW Suzuki Swift 1.2 Dual JET will be available in 4 variants and 6 body colors and to be launched in Thailand on 8 February]. www.headlightmag.com (in Thai). 7 February 2018. Retrieved 12 February 2021.
- ^ "ซูซูกิ สวิฟท์ ใหม่ ฟีเว่อร์ ! สร้างปรากฎการณ์ใหม่ 1 เดือน ยอดจองทะลุ 3,000 คัน ลูกค้าเชื่อมั่นเทคโนโลยี DualJet Engine และ แพลตฟอร์มใหม่ Heartect มาพร้อมความคุ้มค่าโดนใจ" [Suzuki Swift New Fever! Create a new phenomenon for a month, bookings has surpass 3,000 vehicles, customers trust the new DualJet engine technology and the new Heartect platform with great value]. www.suzuki.co.th (Press release) (in Thai). Retrieved 12 February 2021.
- ^ a b "Changan SC7144AH4". auto-che.com.
- ^ "Splash from Changhe Suzuki". chinaautoweb.com.
- ^ "Suzuki Landy from Changhe-Suzuki". chinaautoweb.com.
- ^ "沈阳车展 长安全新CX20全方位蜕变上市". www.shenyangauto.net (in Chinese). 2013-10-29.
- ^ "Suzuki Liana CH7143CD27 Car (#270)". auto-che.com.
- ^ "Changhe Freedom M50". www.chinamobil.ru.
- ^ Bubear, Ryan (2020-09-03). "Confirmed! New Toyota Starlet (a rebadged Suzuki) to launch in SA soon". www.carmag.co.za.
- ^ Parikh, Sagar (2020-01-26). "Exclusive: Maruti Suzuki 48V SHVS smart hybrid system new details revealed". www.indianautosblog.com.
- ^ "THE POWERFUL K-SERIES ENGINE". www.marutisuzuki.com.
- ^ "Apa Beda Mesin Suzuki New Carry Pick Up dan New Ertiga?" [What The Differences Between The New Suzuki Carry Pick Up and New Ertiga Engine?]. www.otoplus-online.com (in Indonesian). 7 June 2019.