A survey township, sometimes called a Congressional township or just township, as used by the United StatesPublic Land Survey System, is a nominally-square area of land that is nominally six U.S. survey miles (about 9.66 km) on a side. Each 36-square-mile (about 93.2 km2) township is divided into 36 sections of one square mile (640 acres, roughly 2.6 km2) each.[1] The sections can be further subdivided for sale.
1826 map of the Connecticut Western Reserve in northern Ohio showing both survey and civil townships. The survey townships are represented by the numbers (horizontal "town" and vertical "range" numbers), and the civil townships using the same boundaries are represented by the names.
1877 map of Warren County, Indiana. Of the civil townships shown on this map, only Pine Township exactly matches a survey township with 36 sections.
The townships are referenced by a numbering system that locates the township in relation to a principal meridian (north-south) and a base line (east-west). For example, Township 2 North, Range 4 East is the 4th township east of the principal meridian and the 2nd township north of the base line. Township (exterior) lines were originally surveyed and platted by the US General Land Office using contracted private survey crews. Later survey crews subdivided the townships into section (interior) lines. Virtually all lands covered by this system were sold according to those boundaries and are marked on the U.S. Geological Surveytopographic maps.
Sections are divided into quarter-sections of 160 acres (65 ha) each and quarter-quarter sections of 40 acres (16 ha) each. In the Homestead Act of 1862, one quarter-section of land was the amount allocated to each settler. Stemming from that are the idiomatic expressions, "the lower 40", the 40 acres on a settler's land that is lowest in elevation, in the direction towards which water drains toward a stream, and the "back forty", the portion farthest from the settler's dwelling.
Survey township vs. civil township
Survey townships are distinct from civil townships. A survey township is used to establish boundaries for land ownership, while a civil township is a form of local government. In states with civil townships, the two types of townships often coincide. County lines, especially in western states, usually follow survey township lines, leading to the large number of rectangular counties in the Midwest, which are agglomerations of survey townships.[4]
In western Canada, the Dominion Land Survey adopted a similar format for survey townships, which do not form administrative units. These townships also have the area of 36 square miles (six miles by six miles).
Survey township: A. Township Line, B. Principal Meridian, C. Range Line, D. Initial Point, E. Base Line, and F. Township, according to BLM
^Lizette Twain. Understanding Townships, Bureau of Land Management, February 11, 2015
^White, C. Albert. A History of the Rectangular Survey System. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, 1983
^. Archived from the original on 2014-11-13. Retrieved 2014-11-19.
^Geological Survey Circular. The Survey. 1933. p. 24.
Further reading
, Bureau of Land Management
January 26, 2023
survey, township, confused, with, civil, township, survey, township, sometimes, called, congressional, township, just, township, used, united, states, public, land, survey, system, nominally, square, area, land, that, nominally, survey, miles, about, side, eac. Not to be confused with civil township A survey township sometimes called a Congressional township or just township as used by the United States Public Land Survey System is a nominally square area of land that is nominally six U S survey miles about 9 66 km on a side Each 36 square mile about 93 2 km2 township is divided into 36 sections of one square mile 640 acres roughly 2 6 km2 each 1 The sections can be further subdivided for sale 1826 map of the Connecticut Western Reserve in northern Ohio showing both survey and civil townships The survey townships are represented by the numbers horizontal town and vertical range numbers and the civil townships using the same boundaries are represented by the names 1877 map of Warren County Indiana Of the civil townships shown on this map only Pine Township exactly matches a survey township with 36 sections The townships are referenced by a numbering system that locates the township in relation to a principal meridian north south and a base line east west For example Township 2 North Range 4 East is the 4th township east of the principal meridian and the 2nd township north of the base line Township exterior lines were originally surveyed and platted by the US General Land Office using contracted private survey crews Later survey crews subdivided the townships into section interior lines Virtually all lands covered by this system were sold according to those boundaries and are marked on the U S Geological Survey topographic maps Contents 1 History 2 Survey township vs civil township 3 See also 4 References 5 Further readingHistory EditPrior to standardization some of the Ohio Lands the United States Military District the Firelands and the Connecticut Western Reserve were surveyed into townships of 5 miles 8 0 km on each side These are often known as Congressional Townships 2 3 Sections are divided into quarter sections of 160 acres 65 ha each and quarter quarter sections of 40 acres 16 ha each In the Homestead Act of 1862 one quarter section of land was the amount allocated to each settler Stemming from that are the idiomatic expressions the lower 40 the 40 acres on a settler s land that is lowest in elevation in the direction towards which water drains toward a stream and the back forty the portion farthest from the settler s dwelling Survey township vs civil township EditSurvey townships are distinct from civil townships A survey township is used to establish boundaries for land ownership while a civil township is a form of local government In states with civil townships the two types of townships often coincide County lines especially in western states usually follow survey township lines leading to the large number of rectangular counties in the Midwest which are agglomerations of survey townships 4 In western Canada the Dominion Land Survey adopted a similar format for survey townships which do not form administrative units These townships also have the area of 36 square miles six miles by six miles Survey township A Township Line B Principal Meridian C Range Line D Initial Point E Base Line and F Township according to BLMSee also EditTownship Township United States Charter township Michigan Paper township Ohio References Edit Lizette Twain Understanding Townships Bureau of Land Management February 11 2015 White C Albert A History of the Rectangular Survey System Washington D C U S Dept of the Interior Bureau of Land Management 1983 Cadastral History Archived from the original on 2014 11 13 Retrieved 2014 11 19 Geological Survey Circular The Survey 1933 p 24 Further reading EditThe Public Land Survey System Study Guide The foundational concepts and terminology of the Rectangular Survey System Bureau of Land Management Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Survey township amp oldid 1107834229, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
