Combined is an event in alpine ski racing. The event format has changed within the last thirty years. A traditional combined competition is a two-day event consisting of one run of downhill and two runs of slalom; each discipline takes place on a separate day. The winner is the skier with the fastest aggregate time. Until the 1990s, a complicated point system was used to determine placings in the combined event. Since then, a modified version, called either a "super combined" {with a downhill as the speed event} or an "Alpine combined" (with a Super-G as the speed event}, has been run as an aggregate time event consisting of two runs: first, a one-run speed event and then only one run of slalom, with both portions held on the same day.
The first World Championships in 1931 did not include the combined event, but it was added to the program in 1932. Alpine skiing at the Winter Olympics was not included until 1936, and the combined was the only event. The combined was one of three medal events at the next Olympics in 1948, along with downhill and slalom. The combined used the results of the only downhill race with two runs of combined slalom. The regular slalom (two runs) was held the following day.
With the introduction of giant slalom at the world championships in 1950, the combined event disappeared from the Olympics for four decades, until re-introduced in 1988. From 1948 through 1980, the Winter Olympics also served as the world championships, with two sets of medals awarded. The world champion in the combined was determined "on paper" by the results of the three races of downhill, giant slalom, and slalom. The top three finishers in the combined event were awarded world championship medals by the FIS, but not Olympic medals from the IOC. This three-race paper method was used from 1954 through 1980; no FIS medals were awarded for the combined in 1950 or 1952. A separate downhill and slalom for the combined event was added to the world championships in 1982, and the Olympics in 1988.
The world championships were held annually from 1931 through 1939, were interrupted by World War II, and resumed as a biennial event at the 1948 Olympics, held in even-numbered years through 1982. They skipped the 1984 Olympics and have been scheduled for odd-numbered years since 1985. (The 1995 event was postponed to 1996, due to lack of snow in southeastern Spain.)
At the Winter Olympics and world championships, the slalom and downhill portions of a combined event are run separately from the regular downhill and slalom events on shorter, and often less demanding, race courses. On the World Cup circuit, traditional combined events have been "paper races," combining skiers' times from a separately scheduled downhill race and slalom race, generally held at the same location over two days. In 2005, the FIS began to replace these "calculated" combineds with super combined events, held on one day, which administrators hope will result in increased participation.[1]
Recent modifications
A modified version, the super combined or Alpine combined, is a speed race (downhill or super-G) and only one run of slalom, with both portions scheduled on the same day. Because slalom courses generally become slower after the first racers, recent changes to the super combined or Alpine combined events have the fastest racers from the speed race start first in the slalom run, which is a revision to the prior structure of starting the slalom run in reverse order, as is done in the second run of a traditional two-run slalom.
World Cup
The first super combined was a World Cup race held in 2005 in Wengen, Switzerland, on January 14; Benjamin Raich of Austria was the winner. The first women's race in the new format was run six weeks later in San Sicario, Italy; won by Croatia's Janica Kostelić on February 27. The 2006 World Cup calendar included three super combineds and just one traditional combined race on the men's side, while the women raced two super combineds and no traditional combineds. Kostelić won the first three women's World Cup super combineds.
Beginning with the 2007 season, the FIS began awarding a fifth discipline-champion "crystal globe" to the points winner of combined races; the 2007 season included five combined races for each gender.[2] Nine out of the ten scheduled combineds use the new super-combined format, the only exception was Kitzbühel, Austria, which continued with the traditional two-run format (K), albeit in a "paper race." The change to super combined expectedly resulted in major disapproval from the slalom specialists, the loudest critic being Ivica Kostelić. Even with the change to a single slalom run, many speed skiers believe the technical racers have the advantage in the super combined.[3][4]
World Championships and Winter Olympics
The super combined format debuted at the world championships in 2007 in Åre, Sweden, and at the Winter Olympics in 2010 at Whistler, Canada.
Men's World Cup podiums
In the following table men's combined (super combined from 2007) World Cup podiums in the World Cup since first edition in 1976.[5]
^McMillan, Kelley (January 15, 2014). "For some ski racers, an advantage before the season even starts". New York Times. Retrieved March 4, 2014.
^"CUP STANDING ALPINE SKIING WORLD CUP 1976 MEN - COMBINED". fis-ski.com. Retrieved 11 February 2018.
January 31, 2023
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Combined is an event in alpine ski racing The event format has changed within the last thirty years A traditional combined competition is a two day event consisting of one run of downhill and two runs of slalom each discipline takes place on a separate day The winner is the skier with the fastest aggregate time Until the 1990s a complicated point system was used to determine placings in the combined event Since then a modified version called either a super combined with a downhill as the speed event or an Alpine combined with a Super G as the speed event has been run as an aggregate time event consisting of two runs first a one run speed event and then only one run of slalom with both portions held on the same day Contents 1 History 2 Recent modifications 2 1 World Cup 2 2 World Championships and Winter Olympics 3 Men s World Cup podiums 4 ReferencesHistory EditThe first World Championships in 1931 did not include the combined event but it was added to the program in 1932 Alpine skiing at the Winter Olympics was not included until 1936 and the combined was the only event The combined was one of three medal events at the next Olympics in 1948 along with downhill and slalom The combined used the results of the only downhill race with two runs of combined slalom The regular slalom two runs was held the following day With the introduction of giant slalom at the world championships in 1950 the combined event disappeared from the Olympics for four decades until re introduced in 1988 From 1948 through 1980 the Winter Olympics also served as the world championships with two sets of medals awarded The world champion in the combined was determined on paper by the results of the three races of downhill giant slalom and slalom The top three finishers in the combined event were awarded world championship medals by the FIS but not Olympic medals from the IOC This three race paper method was used from 1954 through 1980 no FIS medals were awarded for the combined in 1950 or 1952 A separate downhill and slalom for the combined event was added to the world championships in 1982 and the Olympics in 1988 The world championships were held annually from 1931 through 1939 were interrupted by World War II and resumed as a biennial event at the 1948 Olympics held in even numbered years through 1982 They skipped the 1984 Olympics and have been scheduled for odd numbered years since 1985 The 1995 event was postponed to 1996 due to lack of snow in southeastern Spain At the Winter Olympics and world championships the slalom and downhill portions of a combined event are run separately from the regular downhill and slalom events on shorter and often less demanding race courses On the World Cup circuit traditional combined events have been paper races combining skiers times from a separately scheduled downhill race and slalom race generally held at the same location over two days In 2005 the FIS began to replace these calculated combineds with super combined events held on one day which administrators hope will result in increased participation 1 Recent modifications EditA modified version the super combined or Alpine combined is a speed race downhill or super G and only one run of slalom with both portions scheduled on the same day Because slalom courses generally become slower after the first racers recent changes to the super combined or Alpine combined events have the fastest racers from the speed race start first in the slalom run which is a revision to the prior structure of starting the slalom run in reverse order as is done in the second run of a traditional two run slalom World Cup Edit The first super combined was a World Cup race held in 2005 in Wengen Switzerland on January 14 Benjamin Raich of Austria was the winner The first women s race in the new format was run six weeks later in San Sicario Italy won by Croatia s Janica Kostelic on February 27 The 2006 World Cup calendar included three super combineds and just one traditional combined race on the men s side while the women raced two super combineds and no traditional combineds Kostelic won the first three women s World Cup super combineds Beginning with the 2007 season the FIS began awarding a fifth discipline champion crystal globe to the points winner of combined races the 2007 season included five combined races for each gender 2 Nine out of the ten scheduled combineds use the new super combined format the only exception was Kitzbuhel Austria which continued with the traditional two run format K albeit in a paper race The change to super combined expectedly resulted in major disapproval from the slalom specialists the loudest critic being Ivica Kostelic Even with the change to a single slalom run many speed skiers believe the technical racers have the advantage in the super combined 3 4 World Championships and Winter Olympics Edit The super combined format debuted at the world championships in 2007 in Are Sweden and at the Winter Olympics in 2010 at Whistler Canada Men s World Cup podiums EditIn the following table men s combined super combined from 2007 World Cup podiums in the World Cup since first edition in 1976 5 No trophy Season 1st 2nd 3rd1976 Walter Tresch Gustav Thoni Jim Hunter1977 Sepp Ferstl Walter Tresch Gustav Thoni1978 not contested1979 Andreas Wenzel Peter Luscher Phil Mahre1980 Phil Mahre Andreas Wenzel Anton Steiner1981 Phil Mahre Andreas Wenzel Peter Muller1982 Phil Mahre Andreas Wenzel Even Hole1983 Phil Mahre Peter Luscher Marc Girardelli1984 Andreas Wenzel Pirmin Zurbriggen Anton Steiner1985 Andreas Wenzel Franz Heinzer Peter Muller1986 Pirmin Zurbriggen Marc Girardelli Markus Wasmeier1987 Pirmin Zurbriggen Andreas Wenzel1988 Hubert Strolz Gunther Mader Franck Piccard1989 Marc Girardelli Markus Wasmeier Pirmin Zurbriggen1990 Pirmin Zurbriggen Paul Accola Markus Wasmeier1991 Marc Girardelli Lasse Kjus Gunther Mader1992 Paul Accola Hubert Strolz Markus Wasmeier1993 Marc Girardelli Gunther Mader Kjetil Andre Aamodt1994 Kjetil Andre Aamodt Lasse Kjus Harald Strand Nilsen1995 Marc Girardelli Harald Strand Nilsen Lasse Kjus1996 Gunther Mader Marc Girardelli Alessandro Fattori1997 Kjetil Andre Aamodt Lasse Kjus Gunther Mader1998 Werner Franz Kjetil Andre Aamodt Hermann Maier1999 Kjetil Andre Aamodt Lasse Kjus Werner Franz2000 Kjetil Andre Aamodt Hermann Maier Fredrik Nyberg2001 Lasse Kjus Kjetil Andre Aamodt Michael Walchhofer2002 Kjetil Andre Aamodt Lasse Kjus Andrej Jerman2003 Bode Miller Kjetil Andre Aamodt Michael Walchhofer2004 Bode Miller Benjamin Raich Lasse Kjus2005 Benjamin Raich Lasse Kjus Didier Defago2006 Benjamin Raich Bode Miller Michael Walchhofer2007 Aksel Lund Svindal Marc Berthod Ivica Kostelic2008 Bode Miller Ivica Kostelic Daniel Albrecht2009 Carlo Janka Silvan Zurbriggen Romed Baumann2010 Benjamin Raich Carlo Janka Ivica Kostelic2011 Ivica Kostelic Christof Innerhofer Kjetil Jansrud2012 Ivica Kostelic Beat Feuz Romed Baumann2013 Ivica Kostelic Alexis Pinturault Thomas Mermillod Blondin2014 Ted Ligety Alexis Pinturault Thomas Mermillod Blondin2015 Carlo Janka Alexis Pinturault Victor Muffat Jeandet2016 Alexis Pinturault Thomas Mermillod Blondin Kjetil Jansrud2017 Alexis Pinturault Niels Hintermann Aleksander Aamodt Kilde2018 Peter Fill Kjetil Jansrud Victor Muffat JeandetReferences Edit Rugh Pete May 10 2005 FIS Spring Calendar Conference Highlights Ski Racing Retrieved March 4 2014 Rugh Pete April 17 2006 2006 07 World Cup to award super combined crystal globe Ski Racing Retrieved March 4 2014 Breidthardt Annika February 13 2014 Olympics Alpine skiing Downhill champion Mayer scorns super combined format Reuters Retrieved March 4 2014 McMillan Kelley January 15 2014 For some ski racers an advantage before the season even starts New York Times Retrieved March 4 2014 CUP STANDING ALPINE SKIING WORLD CUP 1976 MEN COMBINED fis ski com Retrieved 11 February 2018 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Alpine skiing combined amp oldid 1132243665, wikipedia, 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