Summer school (or summer university) is a school, or a program generally sponsored by a school or a school district, or provided by a private company, that provides lessons and activities during the summer vacation. Participation in summer schools has been shown to have substantial beneficial effects on education.[1]
In high school, college or university, students can enroll in classes for credit to be taken into account in their grade point average or their transcript.[2] Generally, this credit is in one of two categories: remediation or advancement. For remediation, the summer school is used to make up credits lost through absence or failure. For advancement, the summer school is used to obtain credit for classes to accelerate progress toward a degree or to lessen the load of courses during the regular school year. Many universities offer short-term summer courses to attract both local and international students, and these programs are often surrounded by social activities.
In academia, the term can also refer to a type of conference. Typically, established academics will give presentations on advanced topics in a field to postgraduate students. This type of summer school is often organized at a national or international level, and no credits are awarded. Also, a college or university sometimes offers a summer program for teachers or other professional workers wishing to round out their professional or general education. Some summer schools are for the general public involving no examinations and are not for degree purposes.[3]
Summer schools internationally
Outside North America, the term has a broader definition and refers to all ages and includes leisure and other non-academic subjects, so, for example, a course on hedge-laying is probably targeting older adults. In these regions, Music Summer Schools, on the other hand, may be designed for school age students, college students, or adult professionals or amateurs at various levels of attainment.
Summer schools can also provide students with educational experiences[4] that would not be available to them within their normal schooling. This may encompass subjects that are not conventionally offered in schools (such as law, which is not usually offered in UK schools but may be taught in summer schools), or the experience of studying in an ancient university[5] or a university or college that has a strong reputation on the global stage, such as the University of Oxford.[6] Summer schools may also incorporate a wider variety of excursions and fields trips than would be possible in day-to-day education, so that some summer schools[7] straddle the line between education and holiday.[8]
English as a foreign language
Summer schools are a popular choice for students of English as a Foreign Language, particularly children. EnglishUK, the language teaching organisation for EFL in the UK, has more than 470 members, many of which operate summer schools.[9] Summer schools often offer foreign language immersion, which has known benefits for language learning.[10] Summer schools of this kind also hold appeal for students wishing to pursue higher education in English-speaking countries, which consistently top university league tables[11] and get a high percentage of their students from overseas,[12] as summer schools in these countries provide insight not only into the English language, but also into the cultures that use it. They may even provide guidance for such students in their university applications.[13]
^Cooper, H.; Charlton, K.; Valentine, J. C.; Muhlenbruck, L. (2000). "Making the most of summer school: a meta-analytic and narrative review". Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development. 65 (1): i–v, 1–118, discussion 119–27. doi:10.1111/1540-5834.00059. PMID 12467098.
^Summer program for high school student - summer school. College Board: College Planning Made Easy|Inside Source for College Admissions Requirements.
^"University of Cape Town Summer School". University of Cape Town, Extra-mural studies. Retrieved 2014-04-30.
^"Immerse Education". Immerse Education. Retrieved 5 August 2019.
Cooper, Harris; Charlton, Kelly; Valentine, Jeff C.; Muhlenbruck, Laura: Making the Most of Summer School: A Meta-Analytic and Narrative Review. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, v65 n1 p1-118 2000. ISBN0631221522. Blackwell Publishing, 2000.
Guide to Summer Camps and Summer Schools. 31st edition, 2008/09. Porter Sargent Handbooks, a Division of Alloy Education.
Guide to Summer Camps and Summer Schools. 32nd edition, 2010/11. Porter Sargent Handbooks, a Division of Alloy Education.
External links
Summer Schools and Summer Courses UK Directory
February 05, 2023
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For the films see Summer School 1987 film and Summer School 2006 film Not to be confused with Summer camp For Summer learning loss see Summer learning loss This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Summer school news newspapers books scholar JSTOR March 2014 Learn how and when to remove this template message Summer school or summer university is a school or a program generally sponsored by a school or a school district or provided by a private company that provides lessons and activities during the summer vacation Participation in summer schools has been shown to have substantial beneficial effects on education 1 Contents 1 Summer schools in North America 2 Summer schools internationally 3 English as a foreign language 4 See also 5 References 6 Further reading 7 External linksSummer schools in North America EditIn elementary and middle school these programs are often used for remedial instruction though some non academic day camp programs call themselves Summer school In high school college or university students can enroll in classes for credit to be taken into account in their grade point average or their transcript 2 Generally this credit is in one of two categories remediation or advancement For remediation the summer school is used to make up credits lost through absence or failure For advancement the summer school is used to obtain credit for classes to accelerate progress toward a degree or to lessen the load of courses during the regular school year Many universities offer short term summer courses to attract both local and international students and these programs are often surrounded by social activities In academia the term can also refer to a type of conference Typically established academics will give presentations on advanced topics in a field to postgraduate students This type of summer school is often organized at a national or international level and no credits are awarded Also a college or university sometimes offers a summer program for teachers or other professional workers wishing to round out their professional or general education Some summer schools are for the general public involving no examinations and are not for degree purposes 3 Summer schools internationally EditOutside North America the term has a broader definition and refers to all ages and includes leisure and other non academic subjects so for example a course on hedge laying is probably targeting older adults In these regions Music Summer Schools on the other hand may be designed for school age students college students or adult professionals or amateurs at various levels of attainment Summer schools can also provide students with educational experiences 4 that would not be available to them within their normal schooling This may encompass subjects that are not conventionally offered in schools such as law which is not usually offered in UK schools but may be taught in summer schools or the experience of studying in an ancient university 5 or a university or college that has a strong reputation on the global stage such as the University of Oxford 6 Summer schools may also incorporate a wider variety of excursions and fields trips than would be possible in day to day education so that some summer schools 7 straddle the line between education and holiday 8 English as a foreign language EditSummer schools are a popular choice for students of English as a Foreign Language particularly children EnglishUK the language teaching organisation for EFL in the UK has more than 470 members many of which operate summer schools 9 Summer schools often offer foreign language immersion which has known benefits for language learning 10 Summer schools of this kind also hold appeal for students wishing to pursue higher education in English speaking countries which consistently top university league tables 11 and get a high percentage of their students from overseas 12 as summer schools in these countries provide insight not only into the English language but also into the cultures that use it They may even provide guidance for such students in their university applications 13 See also EditCram school Special education Summer camp Summer learning loss California State Summer School for Mathematics and Science California State Summer School for the Arts Catholic Summer School of America Dartington International Summer School UK Harvard Summer School Junior State of America Summer School International Summer University ISU Kassel Germany International Winter University IWU Kassel Germany London School of Economics UK LITE Regal International School UK National Science Summer School Inc Queen Maeve International Summer School Rabb School of Summer and Continuing Studies Transitional Justice Institute Summer School on Transitional Justice Utrecht Summer School Willie Clancy Summer School List of summer schools of linguistics List of summer schools of nature sciences Year round school in the United StatesReferences Edit Cooper H Charlton K Valentine J C Muhlenbruck L 2000 Making the most of summer school a meta analytic and narrative review Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development 65 1 i v 1 118 discussion 119 27 doi 10 1111 1540 5834 00059 PMID 12467098 Summer program for high school student summer school College Board College Planning Made Easy Inside Source for College Admissions Requirements University of Cape Town Summer School University of Cape Town Extra mural studies Retrieved 2014 04 30 Immerse Education Immerse Education Retrieved 5 August 2019 Oxford Summer Courses Oxford Summer Courses Retrieved 2018 12 10 Oxford Summer School 2021 Oxford Royale Academy Retrieved 2020 08 04 SAGE Summer School E Learning SAGE Summer School E Learning Retrieved 2020 06 27 Oxford Summer Courses Oxford Summer Courses Retrieved 2018 12 10 EnglishUK homepage EnglishUK Retrieved 2014 04 30 What research tells us about immersion Education Week Retrieved 2014 04 30 The Times World University Rankings Times Higher Education Retrieved 2014 04 30 The 100 most international universities in the world Times Higher Education Retrieved 2014 04 30 University Preparation Summer Courses at Earlscliffe Summer Boarding Courses Retrieved 2022 01 13 Further reading EditCooper Harris Charlton Kelly Valentine Jeff C Muhlenbruck Laura Making the Most of Summer School A Meta Analytic and Narrative Review Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development v65 n1 p1 118 2000 ISBN 0631221522 Blackwell Publishing 2000 Guide to Summer Camps and Summer Schools 31st edition 2008 09 Porter Sargent Handbooks a Division of Alloy Education Guide to Summer Camps and Summer Schools 32nd edition 2010 11 Porter Sargent Handbooks a Division of Alloy Education External links EditSummer Schools and Summer Courses UK Directory Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Summer school amp oldid 1130734412, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
