The word is the feminine form of sukhāvat ("full of joy; blissful"),[1][2] from sukha ("delight, joy") and -vat ("full of").[3]
Sukhavati is known by different names in other languages. East Asian names are based on Chinese translations, and longer names may consist of the words "Western", "Blissful" and "Pure Land" in various combinations. Some names and combinations are more popular in certain countries. Due to its importance, Sukhavati is often simply called "The Pure Land" without distinguishing it from other pure lands.
In the final part of the Amitāyurdhyāna Sūtra, Gautama Buddha discusses the nine levels into which those born into the pure land are categorized.[4]
Buddhist funerals
In Tibetan Buddhism, the world of Sukhavati is invoked during Buddhist funerals as a favorable destination for the deceased.[4] Such rituals are often accompanied with the tantric technique of phowa ("transference of consciousness") to the pure land of Amitābha, performed by a lama on the behalf of the departed. Halkias (2013:148) explains that "Sukhavati features in funeral rites and scriptures dedicated to the ritual care of the dead ('das-mchod). The structure and performance of Tibetan death ceremonies varies according to a set sequence of events...For the duration of these rites, the consciousness of the dead is coaxed into increasing levels of clarity until the time for the ritual transference to Sukhavati."
Raigō (来迎, "welcoming approach") in Japanese Buddhism is the appearance of the Amida on a "purple" cloud (紫雲) at the time of one's death.[5] The most popular belief is that the soul would then depart to the Western Paradise. A number of hanging scroll paintings depict the western paradise.
Naraka (concept of hell in Buddhism, Hinduism, Jainism, and Sikhism)
References
^"sukhavati". Merriam-Webster. Sanskrit sukhavatī, sukhāvatī, from feminine of sukhavat, sukhāvat blissful, from sukha bliss, happiness, from su good, well + kha cavity, axle hole, from khanati he digs.
^Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary. 1899. sukhavatī, f. N. of the heaven of Buddha Amitābha (see under sukhā-vat [...] possessing ease or comfort, full of joy or pleasure
^"Raigō". HighBeam Research, Inc. Retrieved 16 January 2013.
^"Exchange: Taima Temple Mandala: Amida Welcomes Chûjôhime to the Western Paradise". exchange.umma.umich.edu. Retrieved 2020-12-03.
Further reading
Inagaki, Hisao, trans. (2003), (PDF), Berkeley: Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research, ISBN1-886439-18-4, archived from the original on May 12, 2014{{citation}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
Tanaka, Kenneth K. (1987). , Pacific World Journal (New Series) 3, 36-45
Halkias, Georgios (2013). Luminous Bliss: a Religious History of Pure Land Literature in Tibet. With an Annotated Translation and Critical Analysis of the Orgyen-ling golden short Sukhāvatīvyūha-sūtra. University of Hawai‘i Press.
Johnson, Peter, trans. (2020). The Land of Pure Bliss, Sukhāvatī: On the Nature of Faith & Practice in Greater Vehicle (Mahāyāna) Buddhism, Including The Scripture About Meditation on the Buddha ‘Of Infinite Life’ (Amitāyur Buddha Dhyāna Sūtra, 觀無量壽佛經) [1] and a full translation of Shandao's Commentary on it [2], An Lac Publications, ISBN978-1-7923-4208-0
External links
Wikiversity has learning resources about Sukhavati
sukhavati, iast, sukhāvatī, blissful, pure, land, amitābha, mahayana, buddhism, also, called, land, bliss, western, pure, land, most, well, known, buddhist, pure, lands, popularity, pure, land, buddhism, east, asia, japanese, painting, taima, mandala, depictin. Sukhavati IAST Sukhavati Blissful is a pure land of Amitabha in Mahayana Buddhism It is also called the Land of Bliss or Western Pure Land and is the most well known of Buddhist pure lands due to the popularity of Pure Land Buddhism in East Asia Japanese painting of the Taima Mandala depicting Sukhavati Kamakura period 13th century Contents 1 Etymology and names 2 Nine levels of birth 3 Buddhist funerals 4 Namesakes 5 Gallery 6 See also 7 References 8 Further reading 9 External linksEtymology and names EditThe word is the feminine form of sukhavat full of joy blissful 1 2 from sukha delight joy and vat full of 3 Sukhavati is known by different names in other languages East Asian names are based on Chinese translations and longer names may consist of the words Western Blissful and Pure Land in various combinations Some names and combinations are more popular in certain countries Due to its importance Sukhavati is often simply called The Pure Land without distinguishing it from other pure lands Chinese based namesHanzi Chinese Korean Japanese Vietnamese English極樂 Jile Geungnak Gokuraku Cực Lạc Ultimate Bliss安樂 Anle Annak Anraku An Lạc Peaceful Bliss淨土 Jingtǔ Jeongto Jōdo Tịnh Độ Pure Land西方淨土 Xifang Jingtǔ Seobang Jeongto Saihō Jōdo Tay Phương Tịnh Độ Western Pure Land極樂淨土 Jile Jingtǔ Geungnak Jeongto Gokuraku Jōdo Cực Lạc Tịnh Độ Ultimate Bliss Pure Land西方極樂淨土 Xifang Jile Jingtǔ Seobang Geungnak Jeongto Saihō Gokuraku Jōdo Tay Phương Cực Lạc Tịnh Độ Western Ultimate Bliss Pure Land西天 Xitian Tay Thien Western HeavenOther namesTibetan EnglishDewachen བད བ ཅན Blissful Only common in Chinese Nine levels of birth EditIn the final part of the Amitayurdhyana Sutra Gautama Buddha discusses the nine levels into which those born into the pure land are categorized 4 Buddhist funerals EditIn Tibetan Buddhism the world of Sukhavati is invoked during Buddhist funerals as a favorable destination for the deceased 4 Such rituals are often accompanied with the tantric technique of phowa transference of consciousness to the pure land of Amitabha performed by a lama on the behalf of the departed Halkias 2013 148 explains that Sukhavati features in funeral rites and scriptures dedicated to the ritual care of the dead das mchod The structure and performance of Tibetan death ceremonies varies according to a set sequence of events For the duration of these rites the consciousness of the dead is coaxed into increasing levels of clarity until the time for the ritual transference to Sukhavati Raigō 来迎 welcoming approach in Japanese Buddhism is the appearance of the Amida on a purple cloud 紫雲 at the time of one s death 5 The most popular belief is that the soul would then depart to the Western Paradise A number of hanging scroll paintings depict the western paradise Namesakes EditA number of temples are named after Sukhavati Kek Lok Si Malaysia Kek Look Seah Malaysia Jile Temple Harbin China Shinshōgokuraku ji Kyoto JapanGallery Edit Painting of Amitabha in Sukhavati Tibet circa 1700 Amitabha welcomes Chujō hime to the Western Paradise Japan 16th century 6 Silk painting of the paradise of Amitabha Sukhavati Japan Heian period 794 1185 See also EditSukhavativyuha two sutras Naraka concept of hell in Buddhism Hinduism Jainism and Sikhism References Edit sukhavati Merriam Webster Sanskrit sukhavati sukhavati from feminine of sukhavat sukhavat blissful from sukha bliss happiness from su good well kha cavity axle hole from khanati he digs Monier Williams Sanskrit English Dictionary 1899 sukhavati f N of the heaven of Buddha Amitabha see under sukha vat possessing ease or comfort full of joy or pleasure vat Dictionary for Spoken Sanskrit a b Ceremony of Sukhavati Raigō HighBeam Research Inc Retrieved 16 January 2013 Exchange Taima Temple Mandala Amida Welcomes Chujohime to the Western Paradise exchange umma umich edu Retrieved 2020 12 03 Further reading EditInagaki Hisao trans 2003 The Three Pure Land Sutras PDF Berkeley Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research ISBN 1 886439 18 4 archived from the original on May 12 2014 a href Template Citation html title Template Citation citation a CS1 maint unfit URL link Tanaka Kenneth K 1987 Where is the Pure Land Controversy in Chinese Buddhism on the Nature of Pure Land Pacific World Journal New Series 3 36 45 Halkias Georgios 2013 Luminous Bliss a Religious History of Pure Land Literature in Tibet With an Annotated Translation and Critical Analysis of the Orgyen ling golden short Sukhavativyuha sutra University of Hawai i Press Johnson Peter trans 2020 The Land of Pure Bliss Sukhavati On the Nature of Faith amp Practice in Greater Vehicle Mahayana Buddhism Including The Scripture About Meditation on the Buddha Of Infinite Life Amitayur Buddha Dhyana Sutra 觀無量壽佛經 1 and a full translation of Shandao s Commentary on it 2 An Lac Publications ISBN 978 1 7923 4208 0External links Edit Wikiversity has learning resources about Sukhavati The Shorter Sukhavativyuha Sutra the Amitabha Sutra Dol po pa s A Prayer for Birth in Sukhavati Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Sukhavati amp oldid 1120183266, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
