The style or design of runestones varied during the Viking Age. The early runestones were simple in design, but towards the end of the runestone era they became increasingly complex and made by travelling runemasters such as Öpir and Visäte.
The runestone styles were part of the general evolution of art in Scandinavia. This is a part of the decoration of the Urnes stave church which is in the same as the later runestone styles.
The term "runestone style" in the singular may refer to the Urnes style.
A categorization of the styles was developed by Anne-Sophie Gräslund in the 1990s.[1] Her systematization is considered to have been a break-through and is today a standard. The styles are RAK, Fp, Pr1, Pr2, Pr3, Pr4 and Pr5, and they cover the period 980-1130, which was the period during which most runestones were made.
The styles Pr1 and Pr2 correspond to the Ringerike style, whereas Pr3, Pr4 and Pr5 belong to what is more widely known as the Urnes style.[2]
Below follows a brief presentation of the various styles by showing sample runestones according to Rundata's annotation.
RAK is the oldest style and covers the period 980-1015 AD, but the Rundata project also includes the older runestones in this group, as well as younger ones. This style has no dragon heads and the ends of the runic bands are straight.
This style is from the period c. 1010/1015 to c. 1040/1050, when Pr3 appeared. It is characterized by runic bands that end with animal heads seen from above.
This style is used by the Rundata project, although it does not attribute it to Gräslund's model. The style is common in western Södermanland and it is characterized by bordered crosses.
^Gräslund, Anne-Sophie (2006), "Dating the Swedish Viking-Age Rune Stones on Stylistic Grounds", Runes and Their Secrets: Studies in Runology, Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, pp. 117–140, ISBN87-635-0428-6
Fuglesang, Signe Horn (1998). Swedish Runestones of the Eleventh Century: Ornament and Dating, Runeninschriften als Quellen Interdisziplinärer Forschung (K. Düwel ed.). Göttingen. pp. 197–218
runestone, styles, style, design, runestones, varied, during, viking, early, runestones, were, simple, design, towards, runestone, they, became, increasingly, complex, made, travelling, runemasters, such, öpir, visäte, runestone, styles, were, part, general, e. The style or design of runestones varied during the Viking Age The early runestones were simple in design but towards the end of the runestone era they became increasingly complex and made by travelling runemasters such as Opir and Visate The runestone styles were part of the general evolution of art in Scandinavia This is a part of the decoration of the Urnes stave church which is in the same as the later runestone styles The term runestone style in the singular may refer to the Urnes style A categorization of the styles was developed by Anne Sophie Graslund in the 1990s 1 Her systematization is considered to have been a break through and is today a standard The styles are RAK Fp Pr1 Pr2 Pr3 Pr4 and Pr5 and they cover the period 980 1130 which was the period during which most runestones were made The styles Pr1 and Pr2 correspond to the Ringerike style whereas Pr3 Pr4 and Pr5 belong to what is more widely known as the Urnes style 2 Below follows a brief presentation of the various styles by showing sample runestones according to Rundata s annotation Contents 1 RAK 2 Fp 3 Pr profile styles 3 1 Pr1 Ringerike style 3 2 Pr2 Ringerike style 3 3 Pr3 Urnes style 3 4 Pr4 Urnes style 3 5 Pr5 Urnes style 4 KB 5 See also 6 Footnotes 7 Sources and external linksRAK EditRAK is the oldest style and covers the period 980 1015 AD but the Rundata project also includes the older runestones in this group as well as younger ones This style has no dragon heads and the ends of the runic bands are straight Rok runestone U 336 Karlevi Runestone Og 165Fp EditThis style is from the period c 1010 1015 to c 1040 1050 when Pr3 appeared It is characterized by runic bands that end with animal heads seen from above U 778 Gripsholm Runestone U FV 1992 157 So 194Pr profile styles EditIn the styles called Pr1 Pr2 Pr3 Pr4 and Pr5 the runic bands end with animal heads seen in profile Pr1 Ringerike style Edit This style is contemporary with FP dated to c 1010 c 1050 when it was succeeded by Pr3 U 324 U 335 U 201 U 161Pr2 Ringerike style Edit This style is only somewhat younger than the previous style and it is dated to c 1020 c 1050 and it was also succeeded by Pr3 So 279 U 212 U 137 U 165Pr3 Urnes style Edit This style succeeded FP Pr1 and Pr2 and is dated to c 1050 c 1080 U 194 U 240 U 256 U 148Pr4 Urnes style Edit This style appeared somewhat later c 1060 1070 and lasted until c 1100 U Fv1976 107 U 647 U 152 U 871Pr5 Urnes style Edit This style was the last one before runestones stopped being raised It appeared c 1080 1100 and lasted until c 1130 U 104 U 1014 U 216 U 541KB EditThis style is used by the Rundata project although it does not attribute it to Graslund s model The style is common in western Sodermanland and it is characterized by bordered crosses So 84 So 362 So 363 So 85See also EditAnglo Saxon art List of runestones Norse art RunemasterFootnotes Edit Graslund Anne Sophie 2006 Dating the Swedish Viking Age Rune Stones on Stylistic Grounds Runes and Their Secrets Studies in Runology Copenhagen Museum Tusculanum Press pp 117 140 ISBN 87 635 0428 6 Sawyer 2000 32Sources and external links EditRundata Edberg Rune Runriket Taby Vallentuna en Handledning Fuglesang Signe Horn 1998 Swedish Runestones of the Eleventh Century Ornament and Dating Runeninschriften als Quellen Interdisziplinarer Forschung K Duwel ed Gottingen pp 197 218 Sawyer Peter 1997 The Oxford Illustrated History of the Vikings Oxford Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 19 285434 6 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Runestone styles amp oldid 1115452375 Pr1 Ringerike style, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
