"Studite monks" redirects here. For the Ukrainian religious society, see Studite Brethren.
The Monastery of Stoudios, more fully Monastery of Saint John the Forerunner "at Stoudios" (Greek: Μονή του Αγίου Ιωάννη του Προδρόμου εν τοις Στουδίου, translit.Monē tou Hagiou Iōannē tou Prodromou en tois Stoudiou), often shortened to Stoudios, Studion or Stoudion (Latin: Studium), was a Greek Orthodoxmonastery in Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul), the capital of the Byzantine Empire. The residents of the monastery were referred to as Stoudites (or Studites). Although the monastery has been derelict for half a millennium, the laws and customs of the Stoudion were taken as models by the monks of Mount Athos and of many other monasteries of the Orthodox world; even today they have influence.
The Stoudites gave the first proof of their devotion to the Orthodox Faith during the schism of Acacius (484–519); they also remained loyal during the storms of iconoclastic dispute in the eighth and ninth centuries. They were driven from the monastery and the city by Emperor Constantine V (r. 741–775); after his death however, some of them returned.
Hegumenos (abbot) Sabas of Stoudios zealously defended the Orthodox doctrines against the Iconoclasts at the Second Ecumenical Council in Nicaea (787). His successor was Theodore the Studite to whom the monastery owes most of its fame, and who especially fostered academic and spiritual study. During St. Theodore's administration also the monks were harassed and driven away several times, some of them being put to death.
Theodore's pupil, Naukratios, re-established discipline after the Iconoclastic dispute had come to an end. Hegumenos Nicholas (848-845 and 855-858) refused to recognize the Patriarch St. Photios and was on this account imprisoned in his own monastery. He was succeeded by five abbots who recognized the patriarch. The brilliant period of the Stoudios came to an end at this time.
As regards the intellectual life of the monastery in other directions, it is especially celebrated for its famous school of calligraphy which was established by Theodore. The art of manuscript illumination was cultivated, with many brilliant products of the monastic scriptorium now residing in Venice, Vatican City, and Moscow (e.g., Chludov Psalter). The Theodore Psalter, created at the monastery in the twelfth century is in the collection of the British Library.[1]
In the eighth and eleventh centuries, the monastery was the centre of Byzantine religious poetry; a number of the hymns are still used in the Orthodox Church. Besides Theodore and Niketas, a number of other theological writers are known. Three of the Stoudite monks rose to become the ecumenical patriarchs; and three emperors—Michael V (r. 1041–1042), Michael VII Doukas (r. 1071–1078), and Isaac I Komnenos (r. 1057–1059)—took monastic vows in the Stoudion.
In 1204, the monastery was destroyed by the Crusaders and was not fully restored until 1290, by Constantine Palaiologos. The Russian pilgrims Anthony (c. 1200) and Stephen (c. 1350) were amazed by the size of the monastic grounds. It is thought that the cloister sheltered as many as 700 monks at the time. The greater part of the monastery was again destroyed when the Turks conquered Constantinople in 1453.
Modern conditionEdit
The interior of the St. John Stoudios (Imrahor) Monastery in February 2017
The 5th-century monastery's church, which has the plan of a basilica, was converted by Bayezid II's equerry, Ilias Bey, into the mosque İmrahor Camii (literally, Mosque of the Equerry). The ancient structure sustained grave damage from the great fire of 1782; the 1894 Istanbul earthquake also contributed to its ruin.[2]
Following the 1894 earthquake, a group of Russian Byzantinist scholars led by Fyodor Uspensky opened the Russian Archaeological Institute on the monastery grounds, but its activity was suppressed in the wake of the Russian Revolution of 1917. During the subsequent decades the ruins of the monastery complex were looted by local inhabitants to repair their houses, while the magnificent 13th century pavement still lies open to elements "and disappears slowly but steadily". In 2013 plans were announced that the church, currently a museum, was to be converted into a mosque after a restoration.[3] It was announced in 2023 that restoration of the edifice was due to start later that year[4]
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Studion". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
monastery, stoudios, studite, monks, redirects, here, ukrainian, religious, society, studite, brethren, more, fully, monastery, saint, john, forerunner, stoudios, greek, Μονή, του, Αγίου, Ιωάννη, του, Προδρόμου, εν, τοις, Στουδίου, translit, monē, hagiou, iōan. Studite monks redirects here For the Ukrainian religious society see Studite Brethren The Monastery of Stoudios more fully Monastery of Saint John the Forerunner at Stoudios Greek Monh toy Agioy Iwannh toy Prodromoy en tois Stoydioy translit Mone tou Hagiou Iōanne tou Prodromou en tois Stoudiou often shortened to Stoudios Studion or Stoudion Latin Studium was a Greek Orthodox monastery in Constantinople modern day Istanbul the capital of the Byzantine Empire The residents of the monastery were referred to as Stoudites or Studites Although the monastery has been derelict for half a millennium the laws and customs of the Stoudion were taken as models by the monks of Mount Athos and of many other monasteries of the Orthodox world even today they have influence Byzantine miniature depicting the Stoudios Monastery and the Propontis Sea of Marmara from the Menologion of Basil II c 1000 The ruins of the monastery are situated not far from the Propontis Marmara Sea in the section of Istanbul called Psamathia today s Koca Mustafa Pasa It was founded in 462 by the consul Flavius Studius a Roman patrician who had settled in Constantinople and was consecrated to Saint John the Baptist Its first monks came from the monastery of the Acoemetae Contents 1 History 2 Modern condition 3 See also 4 References 5 Sources 6 External linksHistory EditThe Stoudites gave the first proof of their devotion to the Orthodox Faith during the schism of Acacius 484 519 they also remained loyal during the storms of iconoclastic dispute in the eighth and ninth centuries They were driven from the monastery and the city by Emperor Constantine V r 741 775 after his death however some of them returned Hegumenos abbot Sabas of Stoudios zealously defended the Orthodox doctrines against the Iconoclasts at the Second Ecumenical Council in Nicaea 787 His successor was Theodore the Studite to whom the monastery owes most of its fame and who especially fostered academic and spiritual study During St Theodore s administration also the monks were harassed and driven away several times some of them being put to death Theodore s pupil Naukratios re established discipline after the Iconoclastic dispute had come to an end Hegumenos Nicholas 848 845 and 855 858 refused to recognize the Patriarch St Photios and was on this account imprisoned in his own monastery He was succeeded by five abbots who recognized the patriarch The brilliant period of the Stoudios came to an end at this time nbsp Image of St Theodore the Studite 11th century mosaic from Nea Moni monastery on Chios In the middle of the eleventh century during the administration of Abbot Simeon a monk named Niketas Stethatos a disciple of Symeon the New Theologian criticized some customs of the Latin Church in two books which he wrote on the use of unleavened bread the Sabbath and the marriage of priests As regards the intellectual life of the monastery in other directions it is especially celebrated for its famous school of calligraphy which was established by Theodore The art of manuscript illumination was cultivated with many brilliant products of the monastic scriptorium now residing in Venice Vatican City and Moscow e g Chludov Psalter The Theodore Psalter created at the monastery in the twelfth century is in the collection of the British Library 1 In the eighth and eleventh centuries the monastery was the centre of Byzantine religious poetry a number of the hymns are still used in the Orthodox Church Besides Theodore and Niketas a number of other theological writers are known Three of the Stoudite monks rose to become the ecumenical patriarchs and three emperors Michael V r 1041 1042 Michael VII Doukas r 1071 1078 and Isaac I Komnenos r 1057 1059 took monastic vows in the Stoudion In 1204 the monastery was destroyed by the Crusaders and was not fully restored until 1290 by Constantine Palaiologos The Russian pilgrims Anthony c 1200 and Stephen c 1350 were amazed by the size of the monastic grounds It is thought that the cloister sheltered as many as 700 monks at the time The greater part of the monastery was again destroyed when the Turks conquered Constantinople in 1453 Modern condition Edit nbsp The interior of the St John Stoudios Imrahor Monastery in February 2017The 5th century monastery s church which has the plan of a basilica was converted by Bayezid II s equerry Ilias Bey into the mosque Imrahor Camii literally Mosque of the Equerry The ancient structure sustained grave damage from the great fire of 1782 the 1894 Istanbul earthquake also contributed to its ruin 2 Following the 1894 earthquake a group of Russian Byzantinist scholars led by Fyodor Uspensky opened the Russian Archaeological Institute on the monastery grounds but its activity was suppressed in the wake of the Russian Revolution of 1917 During the subsequent decades the ruins of the monastery complex were looted by local inhabitants to repair their houses while the magnificent 13th century pavement still lies open to elements and disappears slowly but steadily In 2013 plans were announced that the church currently a museum was to be converted into a mosque after a restoration 3 It was announced in 2023 that restoration of the edifice was due to start later that year 4 See also EditDegrees of Orthodox monasticism History of Eastern Orthodox Christianity Sabas of Stoudios nbsp Street view of the monastery nbsp Exterior walls of the monastery nbsp The ApsisReferences Edit Digitised Manuscripts Add MS 19352 British Library Retrieved 2015 03 07 Ernest Mamboury 1953 The tourists Istanbul Galata Istanbul Cituri Biraderler Basimevi p 261 262 Istanbul monastery to become mosque Hurriyet 26 November 2013 Retrieved 26 November 2013 https www trthaber com haber yasam istanbulun en eski yapilarindan imrahor ilyas bey camii 778034 htmlSources Edit nbsp This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain Herbermann Charles ed 1913 Studion Catholic Encyclopedia New York Robert Appleton Company Official Website of the Ecumenical Patriarch Studius permanent dead link External links Edit nbsp Media related to Monastery of Stoudios at Wikimedia Commons Byzantium 1200 Monastery of Saint John of Stoudios 40 59 46 N 28 55 43 E 40 99611 N 28 92861 E 40 99611 28 92861 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Monastery of Stoudios amp oldid 1175803108, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
